重点语法专项整理（知识清单）-2023-2024学年人教新起点版英语六年级下册

语法专项整理（一）代词人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称imeweus第二人称youyouyouthem第三人称hehimtheytheysheheritit2、物主代词人称单数单数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirtheirsherhersitsits指示代词：this.that.these.those如：Thisismymother.Thatismyfather.Lookatthoseducks.Theyareswimminginthepond.语法专项整理（二）形容词比较级的构成：情况规则例词一般情况加ercheapcheaper.longlonger.bigbiger.cleancleaner.hardharder.richrichere结尾加rlargelarger.nicenicer.latelater.safesafer辅音字母加y结尾去y加ierfunnyfunnier.happyhappier.heavyheavier汉堡单词双写erbigbiger.fatfater.thinthinner多音节形容词前面加morebeautifulmorebeautiful.carefulmorecareful比较级的用法：A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B例：AmyisolderthanJohn.A+be动词+数量+形容词比较级+than+B例：Amyis4cmshorterthanJohn.语法专项整理（三）数词基数词：表示树木的多少OneOnehundredTwoTwentyOnethousandThreeThirteenThirty三位数要在百位和十位之间加and例：onehundredandfifteen(115)Onehundredandtwentyone(121)FourFourteenFortyFiveFifteenFiftySixSixteenSixtySevenSeventeenSeventyEightEighteenEightyNineNineteenNinetyTen加teen加ty两位数（非整十）中间加连字符“”ElevenTwelve序数词：表示顺序第一至第十第十一至第十九第二是及以上firsteleventhsecondtwelfthtwentieththirdthirteenththirtiethfourthfourteenthfortiethfifthfifteenthsixtiethsixthsixteenthsixtiethseventhseventeenthseventietheightheighteentheightiethninthnineteentheightiethtenth除第1、2、3.直接加thty结尾，变y为ie,再加th语法专项整理（四）名词名词的种类：专有名词China.Beijing.Amy.January.Sunday普通名词可数名词单数abook.apencil.anapple.anumbrella.复数books,pencils,apples,umbrellas.不可数名词milk，water，juice，tea，rice专有名词：指某个人、某些地方、某样物品专有的名称。专有名词第一个字母要大写，前面不加a,an,the.但国家名字缩写前要加the.（例：IamfromtheUK.)单数名词：一般名词，在前面加a：abook,aputer.元音字母开头的名词，在前面加an:anegg,anorange(元音字母是：a,e,i,o,u)少数例外：anhour,auniversity(以元音发音为准）复数名词：规则：情况规则例词一般情况加sbooks,dogs,apples,teacherso,s,x,ch,sh结尾加esbuses,boxes,watches,glasses辅音字母加y结尾去y加iesfamilies,babies元音字母加y结尾加sdays,boys,toys,keysf,fe结尾变成vesleafleaves,knifeknives不规则：情况例词改变元音footfeet,toothteeth,goosegeese,manmen,womanwomen.词尾发生变化childchildren单复数同形sheepsheep,fishfish,deerdeer,peoplepeople不可数名词：在不可数名词前只能加some（一些），much（许多）液体：water,,milk,coke,coffee,juice,tea气体：air,vapour不能“个别的”存在：hair，rice，beef，meat，pork，mutton语法专项整理（五）介词介词的分类词类例词时间介词at7:00,inthemorning.onMonday,beforelunch,afterdinner方位介词onthedesk,inthepark,athome,underthetree,behindthedoor,overthebed,infrontofthehouse,nearthelake,nexttothecinema.动向介词ootoschool,jumpintothewater,climbupthetree,runoutofthedoor.方式介词bybike,onfoot,playwithmyfriendat,on,in在表示时间时的区别：at用于具体的时间：at9:00,atnoon,atnight.on用于具体的一天（常与星期、节目、具体的某一天连用，也表示某天上午、下午或晚上）：onMonday,onNewYear’sDay,onmybirthday,onFridaymorning,ontheweekend.in用于某一段时间（常与上午、下午、晚上连用，常与月份、季节、年份连用）：inthemorning.intheevening，inMarch，inspring.In2007.语法专项整理（六）Therebe结构概念：Therebe结构又叫存在句，表示某地存在某物。Therebe结构的肯定句Thereis+可数名词单数+地点：Thereisabookonthedesk.Thereis+不可数名词+地点：Thereissomewaterintheglass.Thereare+可数名词复数+地点：Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.★就近原则：如果句子中有几个并列的主语，be动词的形式和最近的一个主语保持一致Thereisabookand2pencilsinthebag.Therearemanyflowersandtreeinthegarden.Therebe结构的否定句（在be动词后面加no，或者notany)Thereisnobookonthedesk.Thereisnotanybookonthedesk.Therearenoflowersinthegarden.Therearenotanyflowersinthegardon.Therebe结构的疑问句（把be动词提到句子前面，若句子中有some，要变为any)Isthereabookonthedesk?Isthereanywaterintheglass?Arethereanyflowersinthegarden?语法专项整理（七）现在进行时概念：表示说话时正在进行的动作。（提示词：now,look,listen)构成：be动词+现在分词：形式例句第一人称单数+am+现在分词Iamreadingabook第三人称单数+is+现在分词Heisdoinghomework.Sheisflyingakite.第二人称单数/各人称复数+are+现在分词Wearecookingdinner.Theyarecleaningtheroom.现在分词规则例词一般情况，加ingwalkwalking,dodoinge结尾，去e加ingdancedancing,makemaking,writewriting,havehaving汉堡单词，双写加ingRunrunning,swimswimming语法专项整理（八）现在进行时概念：表示现在存在着的情况，也可理解为习惯性的动作，不断重复发生的事。提示词：always，often，usually，sometimes，never，everymorning，every……“构成分类形式例句Be动词的一般现在时第一人称单数workworks,makemakes第三人称单数watchwatches,washwashes,dodoes,gogoes第二人称单数/各人称复数+areflyflies,crycries.其他动词的一般现在时第三人称单数+动词单三形式buybuys,playplays,staystays其他人称+动词原型Havehas,are,amis语法专项整理（九）一般将来时概念：表示将来要做的事，要发生的动作。提示词：tomorrow，tonight，thisafternoon，thisevening，thisweekend.nextweekend,nextMonday.构成：be动词+going+动词原型：IamgoingtowatchTVafterdinner.Heisgoingtobuysomeapplesthisafternoon.TheyaregoingtoswimmingnextSunday.will+动词原型：Iwillvisitmygrandparentsthisevening.Itwillberainytomorrow.语法专项整理（十）一般过去时概念：表示过去发生的事情或动作、状态提示词：yesterday，yesterdaymorning，lastnight，lastweekend，lastyear。构成：分类形式例句Be动词的一般过去时第一人称单数+wasIwastiredyesterday.第三人称单数+wasHewasalittleboyyearsago.其他人称+wereWewerehappylastweekend.其他动词的一般过去时各人称+动词过去时Ihadagoodtimelastholiday.Theylivedinthecitylastyear.动词过去式规则变化：动词后面加ed:climbed,learned,rowed.e结尾，加d：danced,used,lived.辅音