有机化合物的英文名称课件

有机化合物的英文名称课件目录CONTENTSBasicconceptsoforganiccompoundsEnglishnamesofcommonorganiccompoundsNamingmethodfororganiccompoundsCorrespondencebetweenEnglishnamesandchemicalformulasoforganiccompounds01BasicconceptsoforganiccompoundsOrganiccompoundsrefertocompoundscontainingcarbonelements,exceptforcarbonoxides,carbonates,bicarbonate,etc.SummaryOrganiccompoundsaremainlycomposedofelementssuchascarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,etc.Thecarbonatomsareconnectedbycovalentbondstoformlongchainsorcyclicstructures.Organiccompoundsarewidelypresentinnatureandcloselyrelatedtohumanlife.DetaileddescriptionDefinitionoforganiccompoundsClassificationoforganiccompoundsSummary:Organiccompoundscanbeclassifiedinvariouswaysbasedontheirstructure,properties,anduses.Detaileddescription:Accordingtostructure,organiccompoundscanbedividedintoaliphatichydrocarbons,aromatichydrocarbons,halogenatedhydrocarbons,alcohols,ethers,aldehydes,ketones,carboxylicacids,esters,etc;Accordingtotheirproperties,theycanbedividedintovolatileorganiccompounds,semivolatileorganiccompounds,non-volatileorganiccompounds,etc;Accordingtotheiruses,theycanbedividedintoindustrialorganiccompounds,agriculturalorganiccompounds,pharmaceuticalorganiccompounds,etc.NamingrulesfororganiccompoundsSummary:ThenamingoforganiccompoundsisbasedontheregulationsoftheInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry(IUPAC).Detaileddescription:Thenamingoforganiccompoundsisbasedontheirstructuralcharacteristics,suchasthenamingofalkanesendingwiththeword"alkane"toindicatesaturatedhydrocarbons;Thenamingofolefinsendswiththeword"ene",indicatingunsaturatedhydrocarbonswithadoublebond;Thenamingofalkynesendswiththeword"alkyne",indicatingunsaturatedhydrocarbonswithatriplebond.Inaddition,therearenamingconventionsforvarioushydrocarbonderivatives,suchasalcohols,ethers,aldehydes,ketones,carboxylicacids,esters,etc.02EnglishnamesofcommonorganiccompoundsOlefinAcetylenecompoundCycloalkanes:AromatichydrocarbonAlkaneHydrocarboncompoundsAromaticalcoholSecondaryalcoholPrimaryalcoholTertiaryalcoholAlkylalcoholAlcoholiccompounds0103020405AcidcompoundsAlkanoicacidCarboxylicacidSulfonicacidAromaticacid01030402EstercompoundsAlkylesterAromaticesterPhosphaticesterCarboxylicester03NamingmethodfororganiccompoundsCommonnameanamederivedfromthesource,preparationmethod,orappearanceofacompound,suchasturpentine,creosote,menthol,etc.Commonnamingconventionnamingbasedonthenumberofcarbonatoms,suchashexane,heptane,etc.CustomarynomenclatureSystemNamingNamethebranchchainbasedonthenameandpositionofthesubstituent.BranchchainnamingSelectthelongestcarbonchainasthemainchainanddeterminethenumberofcarbonatomsinthemainchainbasedonthenumberofbranches.SelectmainchainStartingfromtheendnearthebranchchain,numbertominimizethepositionofthebranchchain.NumberChoosethemainchainChoosethelongestcarbonchainasthemainchainandensurethatthereareasmanysubstituentsaspossibleonthemainchain.NumberStartingfromtheendnearthesubstituent,numbertominimizethepositionofthesubstituent.NamingofsubstituentsNamethesubstituentsonthemainchainbasedontheirnameandposition.010203IUPACnomenclature04CorrespondencebetweenEnglishnamesandchemicalformulasoforganiccompoundsOlefinAromatichydrocarbonHalogenatedhydrocarbonsAlkaneAcetylenecompoundCycloalkanes:010203040506CorrespondencebetweenEnglishnamesandchemicalformulasofhydrocarboncompoundsAlcoholsoffattyacidsAromaticalcoholTertiaryalcoholPrimaryalcoholSecondaryalcoholCorrespondencebetweenEnglishnamesandchemicalformulasofalcoholcompoundsCorrespondencebetweenEnglishnamesandchemicalformulasofacidcompoundsAlkenicacidOleicacid:CycliccarboxylicacidAromaticacidCarbo