2023年中考英语总复习初中英语语法知识复习讲义及练习题：十一 简单句、并列句

专题十一简单句、并列句

简单句

（-）基本概念

只包含一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子,

称作简单句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。

除了主语和谓语外，简单句中还可以有宾语、表语、补语、状语、定

语等。

（二）句型结构简单句可归纳为五个基本句型。

1.主语+谓语这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物

动词，后面可以有其他成分修饰。

如：Thingschange.Hesmileshappily.

2.主语+连系动词+表语这种句型称为主系表结构。

如：Mr.Smithisanartist.Thehamburgertastesgood.

注：表语位于系动词之后。常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不

定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当。

常见系动词有:

(1)表状态系动词一be如：

Heisateacher.Heisill.

(2)持续系动词--用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，常见

有keep,remain,stay,如:

Healwayskeptsilento

(3)表像系动词一用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,

appear,look,如:

Helookstired.

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

(4)感官系动词一感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thatsoundsinteresting.

Thisflowersmellsverysweet.Ittastesdelicious.

(5度化系动词--这些系动词表示主语变成什么样主要有become,

grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,等如:

Hebecamemadafterthat.Igettired.Shegrewtallo

3.主语+谓语+宾语谓语一般多是及物动词。宾语有两种：间接宾

语和直接宾语

如：Welikemusic.

Ihadeggsforbreakfast.

4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，有时它们也可交换位置，这

是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to或for。

如:Hegavehissisterthebook.=Hegavethebooktohissister.

常见双宾结构：

可转换成带to结构的有：

bringsb.sth(bringsthtosb),givesb.sth(givesthtosb.)

lendsb.sth(lendsthtosb)passsbsth(passsthtosb)

returnsb.sth(returnsthtosb)sendsbsth(sendsthtosb)

showsbsth(showsth.tosb.)tellsbsth(tellsthtosb)

writesbsth(writesthtosb)

可转换成带for结构的有：

buysbsth(buysthforsb)dosbsth(dosthforsb)

getsbsth(getsthforsb)

makesb.sth(makesthforsb)paysb.sth(paysthforsb)

singsbsth(singsthforsb)

5.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾补

宾语补足语常由形容词、名词、数词、介词短语、不带to的不定

式或v+ing、V+ed等充当。

如：Ifoundthebookeasy.(形容词easy作补语)

I'lllethimgo.(不定式go用作补语)

(=)Therebe句型

1、结构：Therebe句型是一种主语后置的倒装句，常表示某处有某

人或某物。

具体结构为：Therebe+人/物+其他+(地点)。

2、用法：

(1)、Therebe句型中动词be单复数形式要跟therebe之后的主语

保持一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be的单复数形式。

如:Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.

Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.

(2)、Therebe句型中的be有各种时态，有时还会在be前插入情态动

词。

如:Thereisgoingtobeameetingtonight.

Theremustbesomeflowersinthebox.

(3)、Therebe句型可换成Therecome/go,以弓I起注意，力口强语气。

如:Therecomesthebus.

(4)、Therebe句型的否定句和疑问句变化主要是be之后加not和

be提到there之前。

如：Thereisn'tanyrainthesedays.

Arethereanypeopleintheroom?

并列句

(-)基本概念及构成

两个或两个以上的鲤包用and,but,or,so等并列连词连在一起构

成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是''简单句+并列连词+简单句〃。

如：IlikeactionmoviesbutIdon'tlikethrillers.

Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.

(二)连词用法

1、表并列关系的连词有and,both…and…两者都，aswellas还

有，notonly...but(also)不但...而且...，neither...nor既不...也

不…等。

如：Workhard,andyouIIpasstheexam.

Shenotonlysingsbutalsodances.

2、表转折关系的有but,however然而，while然而，still,yet然

而等。

如：Thefilmisnotperfect,however,it'sgood.

IlikeactionmoviesbutIdon'tlikethrillers.

Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.(表对比)

3、表选择关系的有or,either...or…或者...或者...，not...but…不

是…而是...等。

如：Hurryup,oryoullbelate.

EitherTomorhissistersarecoming.

4、表因果关系的有for因为，so所以，because等。

如：I'dbettertakeanumbrella,foritisgoingtorain.

Themanagerwasillsoshedidn'tgotowork.

(三)特殊的并列句

1.祈使句+and+一般将来时的句子

如：Workhard,andyouIIpasstheexam.

2.祈使句+or+一般将来时的句子

如：Hurryup,oryoullbelate.

实战演练(2x50)计分：

1.—isherdaughter?-Thegirlontherightwearingblue

jeans.

A.WhoB.WhatC.Which

2.doesyourmotherdo?Sheisaworker.

A.WhoB.howC.What

3.—Excuseme.doyousay"autumn"inAmericanEnglish?

…It's''fall".

A.HowB.WhenC.Why

4.--doItakethemedicine,Mr.Wang?-Twiceadayafter

meals.

A.HowlongB.HowmanyC.Howoften

5.Eric'sneverseenathree-Dmovieatthecinema,?

A.hasn'theB.hasheC.ishe

6.-fmsorryIcan'tlendyouthee-dictionary.

-?Didn'tyoupromiseme?

A.WhatB.HowC.When

7.Weboughtherabirthdaypresent,shelikeditverymuch.

A.orB.andC.but

8.—Didn'tyougivegiftstoyourfatheronFather'sDay?

—Oh,notonlymyfather,mygrandpagotredgifts.

A.orB.andC.but

9.—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme?

—fdloveto,Ican't.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.

A.orB.butC.and

10.LilyLucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthem

muststayathome.

A.Notonly;butalsoB.Neither;norC.Either;or

11.Noneoftheshoesintheshopsaretherightsize.Theyare

toobigtoosmall.

A.both;andB.neither;norC.either;or

12.''Areyougoingtoeatheretakeitaway?”askedthewaiter.

A.andB.soC.or

13.Tomiscleaningthehousesomeofhisfriendsarecoming

fordinner.

A.becauseB.butC.so

14.Thereisalotoftrafficinthiscity,lookbothwaysbefore

crossingthestreet.

A.soB.andC.for

15.Studyhard,youaresuretohaveagoodresultinthe

exam.

A.orB.andC.for

16.Bequick,wellbelateforclass.

A.orB.andC.but

17.Comealittleearliernexttime,youIImissthebestpartof

theTVplay.

A.andB.butC.or

18.Thereiceontheroadlastweek.

A.wasB.wereC.are

19.Thereafootballmatchontheplaygroundthisafternoon.

A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoing

tobe

20.Hesay.

A.didn't;anythingB.don't;somethingC.doesn't;

something

21.---Wouldyouliketocometothepartytonight?

-Yes,.

A.IwouldbeB.IdoC.Tdliketo

22.—TheChangjiangRiverisn'tthelongestriverinChina,isit?

A.Yes,itis.B.No,itisn't.C.No,itis.

23.---isakilooforanges?

—10yuanakilo.

A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.How

heavy

24.——Doeshelikemusic?

A.Yes,helikes.B.Yes,hedo.C.Yes,he

does.

25.________—isthepopulationofChina?

A.HowmuchB.WhatC.Howmany

26.—______—doyouthinkofthemovie?

---Great!

A.HowB.WhatC.Why

27.—_______you_______TVnow?

-No,youcanturnitoff.

A.Did;watchB.Do;watchC.Are;watching

28.-areyougoingthissummervacation?

--ToBeijing!

A.WhereB.HowC.Why

29.—?

---Heistall.

A.HowisheB.WhatdoeshelikeC.Whatdoes

helooklike

30.---doyoustudyforatest?

-Byworkingwithagroup.

A.WhatB.HowC.Where

31.---MustIcometotheofficeatthreeo'clockthisafternoon?

-No,you.

A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn't

32.Theyareyoungcarrytheboxontothetable.

A.enough;toB.so;thatC.too;to

33.Theylunchathomeeveryday.

A.havenotB.didn'thaveC.don'thave

34.Wealwayskeepourclassroomclean,sowecleanit

everyday.

A.don'thaveB.don'tneedC.don't

haveto

35.Yesterdayhesomereadingathome.

A.doesB.didn'tC.didn'tdo

36.iHaveyouseenthefilm?

—No,.

A.Idon'tB.Ihaven'tC.Ididn't

37.-CanyouspeakEnglish?

-Yes,.

A.wecan'tB.wecanC.wedon't

38.iArethereanytreesinthepark?

-Yes,.

A.theyareB.thereisC.thereare

39.Icomein?

A.MayB.WillC.Would

40.theoldmangetupearlyeverymorning?

A.IsB.HasC.Does

41.—doyoulikethenewplay?

-It'sgoodandinteresting.

A.HowB.WhatC.Which

42.---isyourtelephonenumber?

—8652738.

A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.What

43.MrsBlackdoesn'tl