2024年阜新高等专科学校高职单招（英语／数学／语文）笔试历年真题摘选含答案解析

2024年阜新高等专科学校高职单招（英语／数学／语文）笔试历年真题摘选含答案解析（图片大小可任意调节）第I卷一.语文单项选择题(共20题)1.《种树郭橐驼传》的创作意图主要是（）A.赞扬郭橐驼的种树技术B.揭露统治者的政令扰民D.借“养树”之道，喻“养民”之道2.以下诗句中，化用《诗经》诗句的为（）A.周公吐哺，天下归心。B.对酒当歌，人生几何。C.山不厌高，海不厌深。D.呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。3.《西厢记》是一部（）A.元杂剧B.明杂剧C.说唱文学D.传奇4.《关山月》一诗的作者是（）A.陆游B.辛弃疾C.苏轼D.李清照5.在《张中丞传后叙》中，当南霁云抽刀断指时，“一座大惊，皆感激为云泣下”，对刻画南霁云的形象来说，这里所运用的表现方法是（）A.正面描写B.侧面描写C.心理描写6.李商隐《无题》中，写对方的诗句是（）A.相见时难别亦难，东风无力百花残B.春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干C.晓镜但愁云鬓改，夜吟应觉月光寒D.蓬山此去多无路，青鸟殷勤为探看7.《马伶传》中“以分宜教分宜”的意思是（）A.用现实生活中的严嵩教舞台上的严嵩B.用现实生活中的分宜人教舞台上的分宜人C.用现实生活中的顾秉谦教舞台上的顾秉谦D.用现实生活中的奸臣（顾秉谦）教舞台上的奸臣（严嵩）8.《米龙老爹》的故事背景是（）A.1848年革命B.1870年的普法战争C.1914年第一次世界大战D.1830年七月革命9.艾青在哪个时间段曾被视为中国新诗的卓越代表（）A.（1917—1927）第一个十年B.（1928—1937）第二个十年C.（1937—1949）第三个十年D.20世纪80年代10.下列文章中，带有寓言性的散文是（）A.《种树郭橐驼传》B.《季氏将伐颛臾》C.《谏逐客书》D.《答司马谏议书》11.宋词流传下来最多的词人是（）A.苏轼B.柳永C.辛弃疾D.李清照12.《李将军列传》中作者将李广和李蔡对比的目的是凸显李广（）A.勇猛善射的武功B.体恤部下的武德D.治军简易的特点13.下列关于欧阳修的表述，错误的一项是（）。A.新乐府运动的倡导者B.唐宋八大家之一C.号醉翁，晚年自称六一居士D.著有《新五代史》14.《选择与安排》一文选自朱光潜的论文集（）A.《悲剧心理学》B.《谈美》C.《谈文学》15.王安石《答司马谏议书》所采取的主要驳论角度是（）A.驳斥论点B.驳斥论据C.驳斥论证D.驳斥态度16.黄省三是下列哪部作品中的人物（）A.《断魂枪》B.《日出》C.《雷雨》D.《北京人》17.《冯谖客孟尝君》中最能表现冯谖政治才能的情节是（）A.弹铗而歌B.焚券市义C.营造三窟D.乘车过友18.《我爱这土地》选自艾青的诗集（）A.《北方》B.《大堰河——我的保姆》C.《艾青诗选》D.《旷野》19.徐志摩以康桥为题写的诗作有（）A.《死水》B.《沙扬娜拉》C.《雪花的快乐》D.《再别康桥》20.下列成语出于《庄子·秋水》的是（）A.望洋兴叹、贻笑大方B.望洋兴叹、祸起萧墙C.贻笑大方，分崩离析D.祸起萧墙、分崩离析二.语文综合(共4题)1.阅读《报刘一丈书》中的一段文字，回答问题：幸主者出，南面召见，则惊走匍匐阶下。主者曰：“进!”则再拜，故迟不起，起则上所上寿金。主者固不受，则固请；主者故固不受，则又固请，然后命吏内之，则又再拜，又故迟不起，起则五六揖，始出。出，揖门者曰：“官人幸顾我，他日来，幸亡阻我也。”门者答揖，大喜奔出。（1）解释这段文字中画横线字的含义。顾：（2）这段选文的写作目的是什么（3）简析这段选文所写人物的形象特征。（4）这段选文主要运用了什么手法2.阅读艾青《我爱这土地》。假如我是一只鸟，我也应该用嘶哑的喉咙歌唱：这永远汹涌着我们的悲愤的河流，这无止息地吹刮着的激怒的风，和那来自林间的无比温柔的黎明……——然后我死了，连羽毛也腐烂在土地里面。为什么我的眼里常含泪水?因为我对这土地爱得深沉……请找出本诗中的象征意象并说明其寓意。3.阅读《秋水》中的一段文字，回答下列问题：吾在天地之间，犹小石小木之在大山也，方存乎见少，又奚以自多计四海之在天地之间也，不似礨空之在大泽乎计中国之在海内，不似梯米之在大仓乎号物之数谓之万，人处一焉；人卒九州，谷食之所生，舟车之所通，人处一焉；此其比万物也，不似毫末之在马体乎（1）解释这段文字中画横线字的含义。多：卒：（2）将这段文字中“不似稊米之在大仓乎”译成现代汉语，并分析其含义。（3）本段选文的观点是什么（4）本段选文运用了哪种论证法举例分析。（5）本段选文运用了哪些修辞方法，并举例分析其效果。4.阅读《陌上桑》中的一段诗句，回答下列问题：日出东南隅，照我秦氏楼。秦氏有好女，自名为罗敷。罗敷喜蚕桑，采桑城南隅。青丝为笼系，桂枝为笼钩。头上倭堕髻，耳中明月珠。缃绮为下裙，紫绮为上襦。行者见罗敷，下担捋髭须。少年见罗敷，脱帽著悄头。耕者忘其犁，锄者忘其锄。来归相怨怒，但坐观罗敷。（1）解释这段诗句中画横线字的含义。好：著：（2）将下列诗句译成现代汉语。来归相怨怒，但坐观罗敷：（3）简析这段诗句的层次大意。并概述这段文字的主要内容。（4）依次分析这段诗句的表现方法及其审美效果。三.英语单项选择题(共35题)1.Yourarticleiswellwritten,butIthinkyoushould__________itagain.A.gooffB.gobyC.gooverD.goagainst2.EleanorRooseveltwasthewifeofAmerica′s32ndpresident,FranklinRoosevelt.Shehelpedherhusbandin?manywaysduringhislong（21）life.Shealsobecameoneofthemost（22）womeninAmerica.Shefoughtfor?equalrightsforallpeople.EleanorwasborninNewYorkCityin1884.Herfamilyhadgreatwealth.ButEleanordidnothaveahappy（23）.Herparentsdiedwhenshewasveryyoung.Shewasraisedbyhergrandmother.Eleanor（24）thatasa?child,hergreatesthappinesscamefromhelpingothers.tntheearly1900s,manypeoplewereworriedabouttheproblemsof（25）peoplewhocametoAmericain（26）ofabetterlife.Eleanorcouldnot（27）howpeoplelivedinsuchpoorconditionswhilesheandsomeothers?hadsomuch（28）.Aftershefinishedschool,Eleanorbegan（29）childrentoreadandwriteinoneofthepoorestareasofNew?YorkCity.Shealsolookedinto（30）whereworkersweresaidtobebadly（31）.Shesawlittlechildrenoffour?andfiveyearsoldworkinguntilthey（32）tothefloor.Shebecameinvolved（参与）withotherwomenwho（33）thesameideasaboutimprovingsocialconditions.FranklinRooseveltbegan（34）EleanorwhenhewasinNewYork.Theygot（35）in1905.Inthenexteleven?years,theyhadsixchildren.TheRooseveltsmovedtoWashingtonD.C.in1913.第（33）题选A.discoveredB.allowedC.sharedD.mentioned3.Moods,saytheexperts,arefeelingsthatarelikelytobecomefixed,havingeffectsonone′sout-look(wayoflookingatthings)forhours,daysorevenweeks.That′sgreatifyourmoodisapleasantone,butaproblemifyouaresad,anxious,angryorsimplylonely.Perhapsthebestwaytodealwithsuchmoodsistotalkthemout;sometimes,though,thereisnoonetolisten.Modernpharmacology(药物学)offersalottranquilizers(镇定剂)andanti-anxietydrugs.Whatmanypeopledon′trealize,however,isthatscientistshavediscoveredtheeffectivenessofseveralnon-drugmethodstomakeyoufreefromanunwantedmood.Thesecanbejustasusefulasdrugs,andhavetheaddedbenefitofbeingnonpoisonous.Sonexttimeyoufeeloutofsorts,don′theadforthedrugstore--trythefollowingmethod.Ofallthemood-changingself-helptechniques,aerobicexerciseseemstobethebestcureforabadmood."Ifyoucouldkeeptheexercise,you′dbeinhighspirits,"saysKathrynLance,authorofRunningforHealthandBeauty.Researchershaveexplainedbiochemicalandvariousotherchangesthatmakeexercisecomparefavorablytodrugsasmood-raiser.Physicalworksuchashousework,however,doeslittle.Thekeyisaerobicexercise--running,cycling,walking,swimming,orotherrepetitiveandsustainedactivitiesthatincreasetheheartrateandcirculation(循环),andimprovethebody′suseofoxygen.Dothemforatleast20minutesatime,threetofivetimesaweek.Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?A.HowtobeatabadmoodB.HowtotalkbadmoodsoutC.HowtodophysicalexercisesD.Howtodoaerobicexercise4.MyparentsandIcouldn'tgetintothehouselastnightbecause____ofushadthekey.（）A.eitherB.allD.neitherWhenthepolicemenwereready,theyhid?28?ahedge（树篱）andstartedtotimepassingcars.Duringtheirfirsthalfanhour,theycaughtfivedrivers.Thepolicemenwrotedownthe?29?ofeachcarandthenameandaddressofthedriver.Butforthenexthalfanhourthepolicemendidn′tseeanybody?30?toofast.Theythoughtthatthiswasvery?31.Oneofthemdroveaquarterofamilealongtheroadandsawtwostudents?32?onthegrass.Theywereholdingupasheetofcupboardsothatmotoristscouldseeit.Onthenoticeoneofthestudents?33:"Danger.Speedtrap."Thepolicementookthenoticeawayandwrotedownthenamesofthestudents.Laterontheywereeachfined￡5for?34?tostopthepolicecatchingmotoristswhowere?35?thelaw.第27题答案是A.timeB.speedC.expenseD.area6.—Whatareyoulookingfor?（）—Ican’trememberwhereI____myglasses.A.wouldleaveB.leaveC.hadleftD.left7.根据下面资料，回答40-43题Lifegetsnoisiereverydayandveryfewpeoplecanfreefromnoiseofsomesortoranother．Itdoesn'tmatterwhereyoulive--inthemiddleofamoderncity,orafarawayvillage--thechancesthatyouwillbedisturbedbyjetaeroplanes,transistorradios,oilpoweredengines,etc．,arealmosteverywhere．Weseemtobegettingusedtonoise,too．Somepeoplefeelquitelonelywithoutbackgroundmusicwhiletheyareworking．Scientifictestshaveshownthattotalsilencecanbeveryfrighteningexperienceforhumanbeings．However,somepeopleenjoylisteningtopopmusicwhichisveryloud,andthiscandoharmtotheireardrums(耳鼓)．Thenoiselevelinsomediscoisfarabovetheusualsafetylevelforheavyindustrialareas．Onerecentreportaboutnoiseandconcentration(专心)suggestedthatalthoughalotofpeoplesaythatanynoisedisturbstheirconcentration,whatreallyaffectstheirabilitytoconcentrateisachangeinthelevelofnoise．Itgoesontosaythatabackgroundnoise,whichdoesn'tchangetoomuch(music,forexample)mayevenhelppeopletoconcentrate．Scientistshavediscoveredthatwhatpreventspeoplefromconcentratingis_______．A.anykindofnoiseB.greatchangesinlevelofnoiseC.backgroundnoiseD.variousbackgroundmusic8.Lucywasabouttogoout____thetelephonerang.（）A.afterB.beforeC.untilD.when9.BrightonisapopularseasidetownonthesouthcoastofEngland.Notlongago,somepolicemenwerevery（21）.Therehadbeenseveralseriousaccidents（22bymotoristsdrivingtoofast.Thepolicestartedtosetupaspeedtrap(速度监视器).Theymeasured（23）of88yardsonastraightroadandwatchedtosee（24）acartookto（25）thatfar.Theyknewthatifacartooksixseconds,itwastravelingfaster（26）the（27）limitof30milesanhour.Whenthepolicemenwereready,theyhid（28）ahedge(树篱)andstartedtotimepassingcars.Duringtheirfirsthalfanhour,theycaughtfivedrivers.Thepolicemenwrotedownthe（29）ofeachcarandthenameandaddressofthedriver.Butforthenexthalfanhourthepolicemendidn′tseeanybody（30）toofast.Theythoughtthatthiswasvery（31）.Oneofthemdroveaquarterofamilealongtheroadandsawtwostudents（32）onthegrass.Theywereholdingupasheetofcupboardsothatmotoristscouldseeit.Onthenoticeoneofthestudents（33）:"Danger.Speedtrap."Thepolicementookthenoticeawayandwrotedownthenamesofthestudents.Laterontheywereeachfined￡5for（34）tostopthepolicecatchingmotoristswhowere（35）thelaw.第（21）题选A.pleasedB.excitedD.puzzled10.PassageThreeIn2008，theUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)wantedtoknowifalltheschoollunchesservedtostudentswerehealthy．Theanswerwasabig，fatNO!TheUSDAfoundthatmostAmericanschoolsservedluncheswithtoomuchfatandsalt．Theyalsofoundthatmostofthefruitsandvegetablesinthelunchescamefromcans(罐头)．Cannedfruitsandvegetablesarenotasgoodasfreshones．TheUSDAgivesschoolsfoodandmoneytomakelunches．Butschoolsmakeuptheirownmenus．Somemakehealthylunches．Mostdonot．NowtheUSDAwantsallschoolstoservemorehealthylunches．TheywantschoolstofollowtheUSDA’sguidelinesforbalanced(均衡)meals．TheUSDAisworkingonanewprogram--FreshStart．Itwillgiveschoolsmorefreshfruitsandvegetables．FreshStartwillalsohelpschoolschangetheirlunchestomakethemhealthier．Tofindthebestwaytochangelunches，theUSDAheldmeetingswithparents，schoolleaders，doctors，andcooks．ChildrenalreadyeathealthylunchesatChiefJosephSchoolinNorthSaratoga，Oregon．Theyhavewhole-wheatbreadwithlow-fatcheese,andlow-fatmilk．WhatisthegoaloftheFreshStartprogram?A.SellingfreshfruitsandvegetablesB.EmployinggoodcooksforschoolsC.HelpingimprovetheschoollunchesD.Findingabetterwaytotalkwithparents11.根据下面资料，回答36-39题Catsarecreaturesofhabit．Theyliketogotosleepaboutthesametimeeverydayandforacertainlengthoftime．Theyseemtohaveanaturalclockinsidethemthattellsthemwhentosleep．Catsincreasetheirregularsleepwithoccasionalcatnaps(打盹)．Someexpertsfeelthathumanscouldalsobenefitfromthishabit．Catnapshelptobuildupenergyinthebody．Theyarealsoagoodwaytogetridoftrouble!Sincecatshavethesamemoods(情绪)ashumans,someexpertsbelievethatpeoplecanimprovetheirmoods．Peoplemightbecomehappier．Anumberoffamouspeoplehavecopiedcatsbytakingcatnapsduringtheday．Thenapswouldusuallylastfrom15to30minutes．WinstonChurchilltookcatnaps．SodidPresidentsHarryTruman,JohnF．KennedyandLyndonB．Johnson．Thesefamousmenwereknownfortheirenergy．Theywerealsoabletoworklonghours,oftenintothenight．Nappingwastheirsecret．Perhapsmorepeoplelearnfromcatsandtakenapstofeelbetterandlivelonger!Napsusuallylast_______．A.threehoursB.lessthanhalfanhourC.forty-fiveminutesD.fifty-fiveminutes12.通读下面的短文，掌握其大意。然后，从每小题的四个选项中选出最佳选项。Athousandyearsago,HongKongwascoveredbyathickforest.Asmoreandmorepeoplecameto21inHongKong,thesetreeswerecutdownandburnt.Nowthereis22forestleft,thoughtherearestillsomesmallareascoveredwithtrees.Wecallthesewoods.Elephants,tigersandmany23animalswerelivinginthethickforest.WhenpeoplecametoliveinHongKong,the24begantodieout.Earlyfarmersgrewriceand25pigsandchickensinthevalleys.Theycutdownthetreesandburntthem.Theyneeded26tokeepthemselveswarminwinter,tocooktheirfoodandtokeepawaythedangerousanimals.Elephantsquicklydisappearedbecausetherewasnotenoughfoodforthem.27didmostofthewolvesandtigers.Monkeysandmanyotheranimalssoon28inthesameway.YoumightthinkthattherearenolongeranyanimalsinHongKong29inthezoos.Therearestillabout36differentanimals30there.OneofthemostinterestingofHongKong’sanimalsisthebarkingdeer.Thesearebeautifullittleanimals31arichbrowncoatandawhitepatchunderthetail.Theylooklikedeer32buttheyaremuchlikeadog33.InHongKongthebarkingdeerhasonlyarealenemy－34.Peoplehunttheselittleanimalsthoughitisillegal.Therearenownotmanybarkingdeerleft.Soitisimportant35peopletoprotectwildanimals.____.A.fireB.hotnessC.heatD.stoves13.AyoungwomaninasmallGermantownwasgoingtogiveapianoconcert.HerposterssaidthatshewasapupilofFranzLiszt,thegreatHungarianpianist.Thiswasnottrue.OnedaythewomanlearnedthatLiszthimselfwasintown.Nowpeoplewouldfindoutandshewouldneverbeabletogiveaconcertagain.Whatshouldshedo?Finallyshewenttoseethefamousmanherself.Shetoldhimeverything.Herparentsweredeadandshewasalone.Shehadtomakealiving.Shedecidedtogivepianolessonstorichchildren.Butwhowouldsendtheirchildrentoanunknownyoungwoman?SoshetoldpeopleFranzLisztwasherteacher."Ibelieveyou,"Lisztsaid."You′vedonewrong,butIcanseeyouaretrulysorryaboutit.That′senough.Nowletmehearyouplay."Theyoungwomanwasshyatfirst.ButthenshesawLisztsmiling.Itmadeherfeelbetter.Nowshewasn′tafraidanymore.Shestartedplaying.Sheputherheartintoitandsheplayedwonderfully.Lisztwasquitepleased.Whenshefinished,sheturnedtolookatLiszt.Therewasasmileonhisface.Shecouldseehewaspleased.ThenLisztgavehersomeadvice.Afterhefinished,"Nowyoureallyaremypupil.Goaheadwithyourconcert.Andyoucanaddanotetotheposters.Saythatyourteacherhimselfwillbethere.Hewillplaythelastpiece."WhydidtheyoungwomantellaliethatshewasapupilofFranzLiszt?A.BecauseshereallywasapupilofthegreatHungarianpianistB.BecauseshewantedtogivelessonstotherichchildrensothatshecouldmakealivingC.BecauseshewantedtocheatpeopleD.Becauseshewantedtoshowoffherself14.通读下面的短文，掌握其大意。然后，从每小题的四个选择项中选出可填入相应空白处的最佳选项。EleanorRooseveltwasthewifeofAmerica’s32ndpresident,FranklinRoosevelt.Shehelpedherhusbandinmanywaysduringhislong21life.Shealsobecameoneofthemost22womeninAmerica.Shefoughtforequalrightsforallpeople.EleanorwasborninNewYorkCityin1884.Herfamilyhadgreatwealth.ButEleanordidnothaveahappy23.Herparentsdiedwhenshewasveryyoung.Shewasraisedbyhergrandmother.Eleanor24thatasachild,hergreatesthappinesscamefromhelpingothers.Intheearly1900s,manypeoplewereworriedabouttheproblemsof25peoplewhocametoAmericain26ofabetterlife.Eleanorcouldnot27howpeoplelivedinsuchpoorconditionswhilesheandsomeothershadsomuch28.Aftershefinishedschool,Eleanorbegan29childrentoreadandwriteinoneofthepoorestareasofNewYorkCity.Shealsolookedinto30whereworkersweresaidtobebadly31.Shesawlittlechildrenoffourandfiveyearsoldworkinguntilthey32tothefloor.Shebecameinvolved（参与）withotherwomenwho33thesameideasaboutimprovingsocialconditions.FranklinRooseveltbegan34EleanorwhenhewasinNewYork.Theygot35in1905.Inthenextelevenyears,theyhadsixchildren.TheRooseveltmovedtoWashingtonD.C.in1913.____.A.differentB.importantC.lonelyD.strict15.InnearlyeverytownorcitycenterintheUK，onmostdaysoftheweekyoucanfindoneormorepeoplestandinginthestreetsellingamagazine21TheBigIssue．Thesepeopleareall22，buttheyarenotbeggingformoney．23，theyaresellingthemagazineasameans(手段)of24asmallbutrespectableliving．TheBigIssuemagazinewas25in1991byJonBirdandGordonRoddickafterthey26thatthereweremanyhomelesspeoplewhowere27onthestreetsofLondon．Onaprevious(之前的)28toNewYork，oneofthemhadseenhomelesspeoplesellinganewspaperknownasStreetNews29theydecidedtosetupsomething30intheBritishcapital．Nowadays，TheBigIssuehas31allovertheUKandthereareevendifferentversions(版本)ofthemagazineindifferentpartsofthe32．Thesellersbuyeachmagazinefromtheorganizationforseventypenceandthensellittoa33foronepoundfifty．ByworkingwithTheBigIssue，manypeoplehavebeen34toescapefromhomelessness，and35manyofthemhavemovedontonewjobsandnewlives．请选出最合适的选项（）。A.askedB.helpedC.neededD.forced16.KarenMaclnneshadspentninemonthsinthehospital.Asshegrewweaker,the16-year-oldgirlaskedherparents,"AmIgoingtodie?"AfriendoftheMaclnnesfamily,SheilaPetersen,knewofthisandofferedtohelp.Shevolunteered（自愿）notonlytofindnurses,butalsotoraisemoneyforKaren'scare.MoneywasreceivedfromsomanypeoplethatSheilacreatedafund,"FriendsofKaren".Afterleavingthehospital,Karenlivedfor11months."Andthosemonthswerehappyonesforher,"sayshermother,"thankstoSheila."EvenafterKarendied,peoplekeptsendingmoney.Sheilaputitintothefund,triedtofindsomeoneelsewhoneededhelp.Bylastmonth,FriendsofKarenwashelping70families."Istillhavearelationshipwitheachfamily,"saysSheila."Wehavefourchildrenwhoareneardeathnow,andIwanttobethereforthem."Sheilaadmits（承认）theworkissometimesdifficult,butsays,"thesmileonachild'sfacemakesitallworthwhile（值得的）."HerparentsagreedtotakeKarenhomebecause____.A.thustheywouldsavemoneyB.medicalfundswouldn'tcoveranyofthefulltimemedicalcareC.theycouldn'tpayforherhospitalizationD.theyhopedtomakehersatisfiedCatsincreasetheirregularsleepwithoccasionalcatnaps(打盹)．Someexpertsfeelthathumanscouldalsobenefitfromthishabit．Catnapshelptobuildupenergyinthebody．Theyarealsoagoodwaytogetridoftrouble!Sincecatshavethesamemoods(情绪)ashumans,someexpertsbelievethatpeoplecanimprovetheirmoods．Peoplemightbecomehappier．Anumberoffamouspeoplehavecopiedcatsbytakingcatnapsduringtheday．Thenapswouldusuallylastfrom15to30minutes．WinstonChurchilltookcatnaps．SodidPresidentsHarryTruman,JohnF．KennedyandLyndonB．Johnson．Thesefamousmenwereknownfortheirenergy．Theywerealsoabletoworklonghours,oftenintothenight．Nappingwastheirsecret．Perhapsmorepeoplelearnfromcatsandtakenapstofeelbetterandlivelonger!WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.PeopleshouldtaketheirnapssecretlyB.CatshavethesamemoodsaspeopleC.SomefamouspeopletakecatnapsD.Somepeoplehavefullenergyaftertheytakecatnaps18.Cananimalsbemadetoworkforus?Somescientiststhinkthatonedayanimalsmaybetrained?todoanumberofsimplejobsthatarenowdonebyhumanbeings.Theypointoutthatatacircus,forexample,wemayseeelephants,monkeys,dogsandotherani-malsdoingquiteskillfulthings.Perhapsyouhaveseenthemonthetelevisionorinafilm.Ifyou?watchclosely,youmaynoticethatthetraineralwaysgivestheanimalapieceofcandyorapieceof?fruitasareward.Thescientistssaythatmanydifferentanimalsmaybetrainedtodoanumberof?simplejobsiftheyknowtheywillgetarewardfordoingthem.Ofcourse,asweknow,dogscanbeusedtoguardahouse,andsoldiersinbotholdandmodern?timeshaveusedgeesetogivewarningbymakingalotofnoisewhenastrangeroranenemycomes?near.Butitmaybepossibletotrainanimalstoworkinfactories.InRussia,forexample,pigeons?whicharebirdswithgoodeyesight,arebeingnsedtowatchoutforfaultsinsmallsteelballsthatare?beingmadeinonefactory.Whenthepigeonseesaballwhichlooksdifferentfromothers,ittouchesa?steelplatewithitsbeak.Thisturnsonalighttowarnpeopleinthefactory.Atthesametimeafew?seedsaregivenasareward.Ittakesthreetofiveweekstotrainapigeontodothisandonepigeon?caninspect3,000to4,000ballsanhour.ApeshavebeenusedinAmericainhelpingtomakecars,andscientistsbelievethattheselarge?monkeysmaybeonedaygathercropsandevendrivetrains.Thetrainerusuallygivestheanimalapieceofcandyorfruit__________.B.beforeitplaysatrickC.whenitstartstoplayatrickD.afterithasdonethetrick19.TheordinaryfamilyincolonialNorthAmericawasprimarilyconcernedwithsheerphysicalsurvivalandbeyondthat,isowneconomicprosperity.Thus,childrenwerevaluedintermsoftheirproductivity,andtheyassumedtheroleofproducerquiteearly.Untiltheyfulfilledthisrole,theirpositioninthestructureofthefamilywasoneofsubordination(从属),andtheirpsychologicalneedsandcapacitiesreceivedlittleconsideration.Asthesocietybecamemorecomplex,thestatusofchildreninthefamilyandinthesocietybecamemoreimportant.Inthecomplex,technologicalsocietythattheUnitedStateshasbecome,eachmembermustfulfillanumberofpersonalandoccupationalrolesandbeinconstantcontactwithagreatmanyothermembers.Consequently,viewingchildrenaspotentiallyacceptablemembersofsocietymeansthattheyareregardedmoreaspeopleintheirownrightthanasutilitarianorganisms.Thisacceptanceofchildrenasequalparticipantsinthecontemporaryfamilyisreflectedinthevarietyofstatutesprotectingtherightsofchildrenandinthesocialpublicwelfareprogramsdevotedexclusivelytotheirwell-being.Thisnewwayofchildrenandtheincreasingcontactbetweenthemembersofsocietyhasalsoresultedinagreatinterestinchild-rearingtechniques.Peopletodayspendaconsiderableportionoftheirtimeontheproperwaytobringupchildren.Itisnowpossibletoinfluencethedetailsofthesocializationofanotherperson′schildbyspreadingtheprincipleofcurrentandfashionabletheoriesandmethodsofchild-rearing.Accordingtothepassage,parentshavebecomeincreasinglyinterestedin.A.theirchildren'sfutureoccupationsB.havingsmallerfamiliesC.adoptionprogramsforchildlesscouplesD.child-rearingtechniques20.Somepeopledonotlikeanythingtobeoutofplace．Theyareneverlateforwork；theyreturntheirbookstothelibraryontime；theyrememberpeople'sbirthdaysandtheypaytheirbillsassoonastheyarrive．Mr．Brownissuchaperson．Mr．Brownworksinabank,andlivesonhisown．Hissisterlivesinthenexttownwithherhusband,andherson,Mark．Mr．Browndoesn'tseehissisterorherfamilyfromoneyeartothenext,buthesendsthemChristmascards,andhehasn'tforgottenoneofMark'sseventeenbirthdays．LastweekMr．Brownhadquiteasurprise．Hedrovehomefromthebankattheusualtime；drivingneithertooslowlynortoofast,heparkedhiscarwherehealwaysparkedit,outofthewayofothercars,andhewentinsidetomakehiseveningmeal．Justthentherewasaknockatthedoor．Mr．Brownopenedthedoortofindapolicemanstandingonthedoorstep．"WhathaveIdonewrong?"Mr．Brownaskedhimself．"HaveIdrivenonthewrongsideoftheroad?Hastherebeensometroubleatthebank?HaveIforgottentopayanimportantbill?""Hello,uncle,"saidthepoliceman,"Myname'sMark．"Thepolicemanwasthere_______．A.tomeetMr.Brown,hisuncleB.toaskMr.BrowntogoandseehisuncleC.toaskMr.BrowntomarkhisnameonhisdoorD.toseeMr.Brownaboutsometroubleatthebank21.Onceamonth,justaftersunset,trucksfillanoutdoorparkinglotinLosAngeles,California．Sometruckssellallkindsoffood.Othershaveclothingforsale.Theseareknownasfashion（时尚）trucks.It'sreallyfuntogothrougheverythinginthetruck.Thebackofthetruckisasmallstore.Clothinghangsononeside.Jewelry（首饰）andpursesareontheother.Thestorelookscolorfulandiswellorganized.Thereisalsoaverysmallroomfortryingonclothes.JordanaFortalezaisoneofthetruckowners.Shesaysthecostofowningatruckismuchlowerthanpayingforastore.Andthereisanotherreasontouseatruck.Youcantakeyourbusinesstoyourcustomers.Buttherearealsodifficulties.Thebiggestproblemistheweather.Inwinter,it'scoldoutsideandthere'snoonearound.Anotherproblemiskeepingthetruckingoodcondition.Whenitbreaksdown,therepairscantakedays.Businessstopsduringthetime.Ithappensatleastonceayearbecausehertruckis38yearsold．MeaganRogersisafashionschoolgraduate.Shesaysthejobmarketissohardnow,butwithafashiontruckshe'sabletostartearningmoneywhileherclassmatesarestillworkingwithoutpay.WhatdoweknowaboutMeaganRogers?（）A.ShehasstartedmakingmoneyB.Shehasn'tfinishedherschoolC.SheishappytohelpherclassmatesD.Shehasproblemswithhertruck22.--Willyoupleaseopenthedoorforme?（）____.A.MypleasureB.Yes,pleaseC.You'rewelcomeD.NotatallObviously,therewouldbenopointininvestinginacomputerifyouhadtocheckallitsanswers,butpeopleshouldalsorelyontheirowninternalcomputersandcheckthemachinewhentheyhavethefeelingthatsomethinghasgoneaway.Questioningandroutinedoublechecksmustcontinuetobeasmuchapartofgoodbusinessastheywereinprecomputerdays.Maybeeachcomputershouldcomewiththefollowingwarming:forallthehelpthiscomputermayprovide,itshouldnotbeseenasasubstituteforfundamentalthinkingandreasoningskills.Accordingtothepassage,initialconcernsaboutcomputerswerethattheymight____.（）A.leadusintothepost-wareraB.bequitewidespreadC.takecontrolD.takeoverroutinetasks24.Suchelectrontubes________inaradiosetarealsofoundinaTVset.A.thatweuseB.asweuseC.asweusethemD.thatweusethem25.Ihavebeenhearing-impairedinmylifesinceIwasfiveyearsold.Puttingonhearingaidsinthe?morninghasbeenjustas（21）asbrushingmyteeth.HoweverIneverbelievedthatitshouldlimit?my（22）inanyway.Duringmy17yearsIhavemetmanypeoplewhodon′tknowabout（23）disabilitiesanddeal?with（24）bystereotyping（对某人有固定的看法）inc.Myteacherwouldnotletmesitpastthe?secondrowbecausethey（25）Iwouldnotbeabletohear.Peopletendtospeak（26）thannor-malwhentheyseemythickplastichearingaidsinmyears.However,myhearingdisabilityhasmade?meastrongerperson.BecauseIwearhearingaidsIhavetoprovethatIamnot（27）ormentally?limited.Ihavetoworkharderandearntopgradesinschooltoearnthe（28）ofmyteachers.In?shorts,I′vehadtorunfaster,catchbetterandscore