体裁微解-说明文-备考2023年高考英语历年阅读理解真题解析+仿真模拟 （解析版）（全国通用）

专题07体裁微解一说明文

题型分析

说明文通常是逋过举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和作引用等手段，具体描述一

项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术,让读者了解信息,说明文通常不包含作者的个人观点。

解题策略

说明文阅读量大,生僻词汇多,句式结构复杂,题目往往涉及推理判断题和主旨大意题。因此，

阅读这类文章时,应把握文章结构，弄清作者所要说明的事物;另外,考生在平时的学习中应多

积累阅读词汇,提高分析长难句的能力。具体答题策略如下：

1.抓首尾段

首段往往提出说明文的主题，尤其是研究类说明文，研究结果就是主题;尾段往往重申强调

主题.

2.梳理文章结构

整体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述;现象+原因+后果/启示/措施;研究发现/调查结果+研究

调查过程。

3.破解长难句

结合语境和所学语法知识破解结构复杂的长难句。

【感悟真题体验技法】

（2022年全国甲卷）

Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohave

similarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthe

wild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,

cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”

inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped"keys"tochoosefrom.

Insertingthecorrect"key"wouldletoutthenut.

Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butit

willbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical（对称的）shapes.

Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfit

iscalledanɑalloeentrieframeofreference".Intheexperiment,Goffin,scockatooswereableto

selecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-error

wasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin,s

cockatoosdoindeedpossessanalɪoeentrieframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,

similartotwo-year-oldbabies.

Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrely

entirelyonvisualclues（线索），oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.

24.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?

A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.

C.Byturningtheboxaround.D.Byremovingthelid.

25.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?

A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.

C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.

26.Whatdoesthefbllow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?

A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.

C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys,D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchin

thetest.

27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearners

C.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters

体裁：说明文主题：人与自然——自然生态—生物与人的智力对比

【语篇导读】通过实验发现，澳大拉西亚地区戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉的形状识别能力相当于两岁

的人类幼儿。

24.【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshave

provedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.（虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但

事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具）”以及“thebirdsweregivenfive

differentlyshaped"keys"tochoosefrom.Inserting,thecorrect"keys"wouldletoutthenut.（研

究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来）”

可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。

25.【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundhole

fromaroundoneyearofage（在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个

圆形的洞里）”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里'’的任

务。故选C。

26.【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotry

andworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues,oralsouseasenseoftouchin

makingtheirshapeSeIeCtionS.（根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依

靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状）“可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉

在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。

27.【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrot

nativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahuman

two-year-old.（科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉,它的形状识别能力与两岁的人

类相似）“可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos:SkilfUl

ShaPe-SorterS（凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工厂符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。

仿真模拟练

（2023•辽宁丹东•统考-模）Foodpackagingisfillinguplandfillsandpollutingouroceans,

wherematerialslikeplasticcantakecenturiestobreakdown.Butonecompanymighthaveatasty

solutiontocutdownouruseofplasticdishware.

GeorginadeKock,anartistandentrepreneur,launchedMunchBowlsthathascreateda

biodegradablebowlmadefromwheat,whichyoucaneataspartofyourmeal.Thebowlscanhold

hotsoupforuptofivehours.Theygetridofthewastegeneratedfromdisposablecontainers,or

theproductsandtimeneededtocleanreusableones.

Alargebowlwholesalesforaround33cents.Althoughthisismoreexpensivethantraditional

plasticpackaging,deKockarguesthebowlshavenutritionalvalueandcanbeintegratedintoa

healthydiet.Theyaremadewithallnaturalingredients,includingrooibosextract,aplantthatis

highinantioxidants（抗氧化物）.Customerscanpurchaseplainflavorbowlsformainmealsand

sweetflavorbowlsfordesserts.

DeKocksaysthatshehasrecentlytakenonabusinesspartnertohelpherbranchout.Bythe

endofnextyear,thestartuphopestoestablishsixproductionlinesandtomakeotherproducts

suchasspoons,coffeecupsandcontainersformealsonflights.tςTheediblebowlisanalternative

toplasticandpaperproductsthatendupinlandfills,ɪtpreventstheharmofplasticproducts,

pavingthewayforitscommercialsuccess,,,SiegfriedFink,anecologistsays.

1.WhatcanWeknowaboutthebiodegradablebowlproducedbyMunchBowls?

A.Ithasdifferenttastes.B.Ittakesfivehourstodegrade.

C.Itischeaperthantraditionalbowls.D.Itprovidesdailyvalueforantioxidants.

2.WhichofthefollowingisdeKock,spresentgoal?

A.Toprovidemealsonflights.B.Toimproveproducts9quality.

C.Tofindmorebusinesspartners.D.Todiversifyintonewproducts.

3.WhatdoesFinkthinkofthebusinessprospectsfortheediblebowl?

A.Unprofitable.B.Promising.C.Indecisive.D.Challenging.

4.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.EatyourbowlB.Protectouroceans

C.EnjoyyourcuisineD.Getridofthedishware

【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家兼企业家乔治娜・德・科克推出了MunchBowls,

这是一种小麦制成的可生物降解的碗，可以作为膳食的一部分食用。

I.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"Customerscanpurchaseplainflavorbowlsformainmeals

andsweetflavorbowlsfordesserts.（顾客可以购买正餐的原味碗和甜点的甜味碗）”可知，

MunchBowls生产的生物降解碗有不同的味道。故选Ao

2.细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句"Bytheendofnextyear,thestartuphopestoestablishsix

productionlinesandtomakeotherproductssuchasspoons,coifeecupsandcontainersformeals

OnnighiS.（到明年年底，这家初创公司希望建立六条生产线，并生产其他产品，如飞机餐匙、

咖啡杯和容器）”可知，德・科克目前的目标是开拓新产品。故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句'"4Theediblebowlisanalternativetoplasticandpaper

productsthatendupinlandfills.Ilpreventstheharmofplasticproducts,pavingthewayforits

commercialsuccess/9SiegfriedFink,anecologistsays.（"这种可,食用的碗是塑料和纸制品的替

代品，这些塑料和纸制品最终被扔进了垃圾填埋场。它防止了塑料制品的危害，为其商业成

功铺平了道路。”生态学家齐格弗里德・芬克说）”可推知，芬克认为这种可食用碗的商业前景

非常好。故选B。

4.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句"Butonecompanymighthaveatastysolutiontocutdown

ouruseofplasticdishware.（但是一家公司可能有一个美味的解决方案来减少塑料餐具的使

用）”和第二段第一句"GeorginadeKock,anartistandentrepreneur,launchedMunchBowlsthat

hascreatedabiodegradablebowlmadefromwheat,whichyoucaneataspartofyourmeal.（艺术

家兼企业家乔治娜・德・科克推出了MUnChBowls,这是一种小麦制成的可生物降解的碗，你

可以把它作为膳食的一部分食用）“可知，文章主要是介绍了一种可食用的碗。故选A。

（2023-安徽宿州•校联考一模）LatinAmerica,sfirstrenewablefuel-powered,

garbage-trappingwheeliscleaningoneofPanama,sdirtiestrivers.Itispoweredbywaterand

solarenergy.ItpullswasteoutoftheJuanDiazRiver.Mostofthewastecomesfromthecapital

areaofPanamaCitywhereabout2millionpeoplelive.Thousandsofkilogramsofgarbageflow

downtheriverintotheoceaneachyear.

Astheleaderoftheproject,RobertGetmanSaid,“Cleaningbeachesisgood,butitismore

effectiveandcheapertotrapgarbageinriversbecausewhenitreachestheocean,the

environmentalandeconomiccostbecomestoohigh.^^

TheJuanDiazRiverisoneofthemostpollutedinPanama.Wastesystemsintheareaare

poor,andlanddevelopmentisnotwellsupervised（监督）.TheriveralsopassesthroughPanama

City,oneofCentralAmerica,slargestcities.Still,thewaterwayanditsmangrovetreesarehome

towildlifeliketurtlesandbirds.Accordingtothissituation,theenvironmentalgroupMareaVerde

launchedthewheelinlateSeptember,whichisnamedWandaDiaz.BythemiddleofOctober,it

hadgathered28.6cubicmetersofplasticbottlesfromthewater.Overfiveyears,MareaVerde

projectshaveslowedthespreadofwastealongtheJuanDiazRiverandotherPanama,srivers.

Severalyearsago,thegrouplaunchedits“BarrierorTrash“technology,afloatingdevice.It

capturedmorethan100metrictonsofwasteintheMatiasHernandezRiverwithintwoyears.

TheBaltimoreBay"Trashwheel"intheUnitedStatesisthemodelforMareaVerde,s

machine,WandaDiaz.However,WandaDiazismoreadvancedandsuperiorintermsof

technology,anditevenhascameraswithartificialintelligence(AI)thatcanrecognizeandsort

differentplastics.

“WewanteachofustoraiseawarenessthatwecanpreventthedeathoftheJuanDiaz

River,,,saidMareaVerde,sleaderSandyWatemberg.Sheexpressedherhopethatthewheelwould

alsohelpmanymoreotherrivers.Butshealsopointedoutthatthosewhoaccustomedthemselves

tosingle-useplasticsneededtorethinktheirbehavior.

5.Whichwordsbestdescribethegarbage-trappingwheel?

A.Greenandpractical.

B.Effectivebutcostly.

C.Powerfulbutenergy-wasting.

D.Renewableandsimple.

6.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph3?

A.GreatdamagetoPanamaCity.

B.TheimportanceoftheJuanDiazRiver.

C.Measurestakentobattlewildlifekilling.

D.ThebackgroundinformationofMareaVerdeprojects.

7.WhatcanweIeamaboutWandaDiaz?

A.IthasAltobreakdownplastics.

B.Itisthemodelfor"Trashwheel”.

C.IthasAIcamerastoremoveplastics.

D.Itisanupdatedversionof“Trashwheel''.

8.WhatmessagedoesSandyWatembergseemtoconvey?

A.Peopleshouldnotuseplasticsanymore.

B.ThedeathoftheriverisUnpreventable.

C.Humans,livinghabitsmatterinriverprotection.

D.Riverprotectionhasreceivedtheattentionofall.

【答案】5.A6.D7.D8.C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。巴拿马使用一种新型且环保的垃圾捕获轮WandaDiaz来帮助

解决河道垃圾污染问题。

5.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Itispoweredbywaterandsolarenergy.（它由水和太阳能提

供动力）”以及第二段“Cleaningbeachesisgood,butitismoreeffectiveandcheapertotrap

garbageinriversbecausewhenitreachestheocean,theenvironmentalandeconomiccost

becomeStOohigh（清洁海滩很好，但将垃圾困在河流中更有效、更便宜，因为当垃圾流入海

洋时，环境和经济成本会变得太高户可知，垃圾捕获轮是环保且实用的。故选A。

6.主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“TheJuanDiazRiverisoneofthemostpollutedinPanama.

Wastesystemsintheareaarepoor,andlanddevelopmentisnotwellSUPerViSed（胡安迪亚兹河是

巴拿马污染最严重的河流之一。该地区的废物处理系统很差，土地开发也没有得到很好的监

督）”可知，本段主要介绍了这个项目的实施背景。故选D。

7.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However,WandaDiazismoreadvancedandsuperiorinterms

oftechnology,anditevenhascameraswithartificialintelligence（AI）thatcanrecognizeandsort

differentplastics.（｛HWandaDiaz在技术匕更加先进和优越，它甚至有人工智能摄像头，可以

识别和分类不同的塑料）”可推知，WandaDiaZ是叮rashwhcel”的升级版。故选D。

8.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Butshealsopointedoutthatthosewhoaccustomed

themselvestosingle-useplasticsneededtorethinktheirbehavior.（但她也指出，那些习惯使用一

次性塑料制品的人需要重新思考自己的行为）“可知，SandyWatemberg认为保护河流的关键

在于改变人们使用一次性塑料制品的生活习惯。故选Co

（2023•天津•校联考一模）Doyouplayvideogames?Ifso,youarcn,talone.Videogames

arebecomingmorecommonandareincreasinglyenjoyedbyadults.Theaverageageofgamers

hasbeenincreasingandwasestimatedtobe35in2016.Changingtechnologyalsomeansthat

morepeopleareexposedtovideogames.Anewbreedofcasualgamershascome,whoplayon

smartphonesandtabletsatsparemomentsthroughouttheday.Butdotheyhaveanyeffectonour

brainsandbehavior?

Overtheyears,themediahavemadevariousclaimsaboutvideogamesandtheireffecton

ourhealthandhappiness.tςGameshavesometimesbeenpraisedordemonized,oftenwithoutreal

databackingupthoseclaims.Moreover,gamingisapopularactivity,soeveryoneseemstohave

strongopinionsonthetopic,∖saysMarcPalaus,whowithhiscolleagueswantedtoseeifany

trendshadappearedfromtheresearchtodateconcerninghowvideogamesaffectthestructureand

activityofourbrains.Theycollectedtheresultsfrom116scientificstudies,22ofwhichlookedat

structuralchangesinthebrainand100ofwhichlookedatchangesinbrainfunctionalityand

behavior.

Thestudiesshowthatplayingvideogamescanchangehowourbrainsperform;andeven

theirstructure.Forexample,playingvideogamesaffectsourattention,andsomestudiesfound

thatgamersshowimprovementsinseveraltypesofattention,suchassustainedattentionor

selectiveattention.Videogamescanalsobeaddictive,andthiskindofaddictioniscalled

44Intcmetgamingdisorder,∖Researchershavefoundfunctionalandstructuralchangesinthe

neural（神经的）rewardsystemingamingaddicts.Theseneuralchangesarebasicallythesameas

thoseseeninotheraddictivedisorders.

So,whatdoallthesebrainchangesmean?”Wefocusedonhowthebrainreactstovideo

gameexposure,buttheseeffectsdonotalwaystranslatetoreal-lifechanges,,,saysPalaus.As

videogamesarestillquitenew,theresearchintotheireffectsisstillinitsbabyhood.

9.Whatfactorcausesanewbreedofcasualgamerstoappear?

A.Videogamesbecomemoreandmoreattractive.

B.Thepressurefromworkbecomesbiggerandbigger.

C.Modemadultsareusuallyverycuriousaboutnewthings.

D.Thedevelopmentoftechnologymakesgameseasilyaccessible.

10.WhatdoesPalaus,researchfocuson?

A.Whyvideogamesaffectbrains.

B.Howvideogamesfunctionindailylife.

C.Whateffectsvideogameshaveongamers,brains.

D.Whichbrainregionsareaffectedbyvideogames.

11.BywhatwaydoesPalauscarryouthisresearch?

A.Byexperiencingvideogames.B.Byinterviewingvideogamers.

C.Bydoingscientificexperiments.D.Byanalyzingnewscientificstudies.

12.Accordingtotheresearch,whydosomegamersgetaddictedtovideogames?

A.Becausetheirphysicalhealthisdamaged.

B.Becausetheirmemorysystemsaredisturbed.

C.Becausetheirneuralrewardsystemsarechanged.

D.Becausetheircommunicativeabilityisweakened.

13.Thelastparagraphindicatesthat.

A.videogamesbringharminsteadofbenefits

B.theinfluenceofvideogamesneedsafurtherstudy

C.thereshouldbecertainlawstoregulatevideogames

D.theaverageageofvideogamershasbeenincreasing

【答案】9.D10.C11.D12.C13.B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项电子游戏对游戏玩家大脑的影响的研究，研

究表明，•些游戏玩家会对电子游戏上瘾的原因是他们的神经奖励系统发生了改变。

9.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Changingtechnologyalsomeansthatmorepeoplearcexposedto

videogames.Anewbreedofcasualgamershascome,whoplayonsmartphonesandtabletsat

sparemomentsthroughouttheday.（不断变化的技术也意味着更多的人接触电子游戏。新一代

的休闲游戏玩家已经出现，他们在空闲时间玩智能手机和平板电脑。）''可知，科技的发展使

得游戏更容易获得，这导致了新一代休闲游戏玩家的出现，故选D。

10.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Moreover,gamingisapopularactivity,soeveryoneseemsto

havestrongopinionsonthetopic,∖saysMarcPalaus,whowithhiscolleagueswantedtoseeif

anytrendshadappearedfromtheresearchtodateconcerninghowvideogamesaffectthestructure

andactivityofOUrbrainS.（“此外，游戏是一种受欢迎的活动，所以似乎每个人都对这个话题

有着强烈的看法。‘'MarcPaIaUS和他的同事们想看看迄今为止关于电子游戏如何影响我们大

脑结构和活动的研究中是否出现了任何趋势。）“可知，PakIUS的研究重点是电子游戏对游戏

玩家大脑的影响。故选C。

11.细节理解题。根据第二段中MTheycollectedtheresultsfrom116scientificstudies,22of

whichlookedatstructuralchangesinthebrainand100ofwhichlookedatchangesinbrain

functionalityandbehavior.（他们收集/116项科学研究的结果，其中22项研究了大脑的结构

变化，100项研究了大脑功能和行为的变化。）”可知，PalaUS是通过分析新的科学研究来进

行他的研究的，故选D。

12.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Researchershavefoundfunctionalandstructuralchangesin

theneural（神经的）rewardsystemingamingaddicts.（研究人员发现，游戏成瘾者的神经奖励

系统在功能和结构上都发生了变化）“可知，根据研究可知，一些游戏玩家会对电子游戏上瘾

的原因是他们的神经奖励系统发生了改变。故选C。

13.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Asvideogamesarestillquitenew,theresearchintotheir

effectsisstillinitsbabyhood.（由于电子游戏仍然相当新，对其效果的研究仍然处于婴儿期。）”

可推知，电子游戏的影响需要进一步的研究，故选B。

（2023•山东烟台•统考一模）Parentingstyleshavechangedovertheyearsinresponsetothe

rapidchangesintheworld.Whetheritistappingtechnologyorapplyingthebestparenting

practicestomeetaparentingneed,parentsnowadaysgenerallyinvestmoretimeinfindingout

howbesttoraisetheirchildren.

Modernparentsoftenlooktotheinternetandsocialmediaforparentingadvice.The

availabilityofresourceshashelpedmodernparentsengagemoreintheirchildren'sdevelopment,

bothacademicallyandemotionally.Modemparentsarealsomoreeagertofindouteffective

parentingmethodstohelpthemraisedisciplinedandconfidentchildren.

Amodemparentingstylethathasemergedishelicopterparenting,whereparentsaremuch

toofocusedontheirchildren.Theyhelpchildrenwithtasksthey,recapableofdoingontheirown,

likeselectingactivitiesandfriendsforthem,orcallingtheirteachersabouthomeworkmatters.

Suchaparentingstylecanholdbackthedevelopmentofthechildren,sabilitytohandle

responsibilitiesindependently.Childrenmightbeill-equippedwithlifeskillssuchasdoing

laundry（洗衣）,clearingtheirplatesorcopingwiththeirschoolwork.Alwaysprotectingchildren

fromfailuresmayalsopreventthemdevelopingadaptabilityandacquiringskillslike

problem-solving.

Ontheotherhand,parentsinthepasttendedtomonitorless.Childrenweregivenmore

controloverhowtomanagetheirschoolworkandchoosetheirfriends.Domestichelperswere

alsonotthenormthen,hencechildrenofthepastwereoftenexpectedtoshoulderthe

responsibilitiesofcaringforyoungerbrothersandsistersandmanaginghousework.Livinginthe

pre-intemetage,parentswerelessinformedaboutdifferentparentingmethods,andtheirparenting

styleswereguidedmorebytheirpersonalities,commonsenseandfriendlyadvicefromthe

extendedfamilyandneighbors,ratherthanbysocialmediainfluencesorparentingwebsites.

Thereisnoonerightwaytoraiseachild.Eachchildisuniqueandshouldberaised

differentlybyparentswhoarepresentbutnotwandering,whoaresupportivebutnotcontrolling,

andwhoprotectbutnotcaretoomuch.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tapping“meaninparagraph1?

A.Employing.

B.Tracking.

C.Monitoring.

D.Identifying.

15.Whatisadistinctivecharacteristicofhelicopterparenting?

A.Flexible.

B.Efficient.

C.Conventional.

D.Overinvolved.

16.Whatdoweknowaboutparentsinthepast?

A.Theyeducatedkidsinarigidway.

B.Theyoverestimatedtheirkids,independence.

C.Theyaffordedkidsmorespaceforself-growth.

D.Theytendedtostayawayfromsocialactivities.

17.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?

A.Howtoraiseall-roundchildren.

B.Howtoenhanceparent-childbonds.

C.Howparentingmodeshaveshiftedovertheyears.

D.HoWinformationtechnologyboostspeople,slifestyles.

【答案】14.A15.D16.C17.C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近些年来“育儿模式”的变化历程。

14.词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“applyingthebestparentingPraetiCeS（应用最好的养

育方法）“可知，划线词与后文的applying构成并列结构，表示“利用技术工故划线词与选项

A为同义词,意为“利用”。故选A。

15.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Amodemparentingstylethathasemergedishelicopter

parenting,whereparentsaremuchtoofocusedontheirchildren.（•种现代的育儿方式是“直升

机式育儿”，父母把太多的注意力放在孩子身上。）”以及"Theyhelpchildrenwithtasksthey,re

capableofdoingontheirown,likeselectingactivitiesandfriendsforthem,orcallingtheir

teachersabouthomeworkmatters.（他们帮助孩子们完成他们自己能够完成的任务，比如为他

们选择活动和朋友，或者打电话给他们的老师讨论作业问题。）''可知，"直升机式育儿'’的方

式中，在孩子的活动中，父母参与的太多。故选D。

16.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ontheotherhand,parentsinthepasttendedtomonitorless.

Childrenweregivenmorecontroloverhowtomanagetheirschoolworkandchoosetheirfriends.

（另一方面，过去的父母往往监督较少。孩子们在如何管理学业和选择朋友方面有了更多的

控制权。）“可知，过去的父母对孩子监督较少，给予孩子更多的空间。故选C。

17.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Parentingstyleshavechangedovertheyearsinresponsetothe

rapidchangesintheworld.（多年来，随着世界的快速变化，育儿方式也发生了变化。）”以及通

读全文可知，文章讲述的是近些年来的育儿模式发生的变化。C选项概括文章主题。故选Co

（2023•辽宁•辽宁实验中学校考一模）About9milliontonsofplasticendupintheocean

annually,thatis,about17tonseveryminute.TheUnitedNations（UN）reportedthatifambitious

actionsarenottaken,thentheoceanwillcontainmoreplasticthanfishby2050.

Therefore,YvanBourgnondecidedtodosomething.HecreatedtheassociationThe

SeaCleanersandsetupacenterdevotedtotheconstructionofapioneeringship:theManta.Using

aspecialdesign,ahybridpropulsion（混合推进）systemandapowersupplyfromrenewable

energysources,thehigh-techshipwillnotonlycollectoceanwastebutprocessit.

Readytobelaunchedin2024,theMantawilloperateautonomously75%ofthetimewithout

theuseofcoaloroil,anditwillhavetheabilitytoextractbetween5,000and10,000tonsof

∩oatingplasticeachyearaswellasmicroplasticsfromIOmmdeepto1meterdeep.Evenmore

impressively,itshybriddesignmeansthatthisshipcanoperateforupto24hoursaday,seven

daysaweek.

Theshipisequippedwithvarioussystems,includingasetofwaste-collectingconveyorbelts

tobringtheplasticfromtheoceantotheship,threefloatablesystemstopickupwasteonthe

surface,twosmallermultipurposecollectionrubberboatsforpartsoftheoceanthatthelargership

can,taccess,andtwocranes（吊车）topulllargerpiecesfromthewater.

Accordingtothedesigners,thefirsttaskoftheMantawilltakeplaceinSoutheastAsia.After

thattheMantawilloperateinAfricaandSouthAmericabutwillalsoappearintemporarily

pollutedareasfollowingclimaticornaturaldisasters.

Afterthreeweeksatsea,theMantawillbedirectedtowardscoastalportsintheareatogive

lecturesandwelcomethepublicaboardforactivitiesoreventsregardingplasticpollution.Anarea

of200mandaconferenceroomfor80peopleareonboardtoaccommodatetheseevents.

18.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphserveas?

A.Awarning.B.Anexplanation.

C.Anargument.D.Abackground.

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extract"meaninparagraph3?

A.Remove.B.Destroy.

C.Restore.D.DeliVe匚

20.WhyarerubberboatsincludedintheManta?

A.Toconveyplastictotheship.

B.Toreachnarrowareas.

C.Topullplasticfromdeepwater.

D.Topickupsurfacewaste.

21.Whichaspectoftheshipistalkedaboutinthelastparagraph?

A.Itspopularityamongthepublic.

B.Itsroleasaneducationalplatform.

C.Itsdiverseapplicationsinreallife.

D.Itslong-termeffectsontheenvironment.

【答案】18.D19.A20.B21.B

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍伊凡・布尔尼翁创建:'海洋清洁者''协会，并成立了

一个中心，致力于建造一艘开拓性的船只：曼塔号。这艘高科技船舶采用特殊设计、混合动

力推进系统和可再生能源供电，不仅可以收集海洋垃圾，还可以对其进行处理。

18.推理判断题。根据第一段"About9milliontonsofplasticendupintheoceanannually,thatis,

about17tonseveryminute.TheUnitedNations(UN)reportedthatifambitiousactionsarenot

taken,thentheoceanwillcontainmoreplasticthanfishby2050.(每年约有900万吨塑料最终进

入海洋，即每分钟约17吨。联合国报告称，如果不采取雄心勃勃的行动，到2050年，海洋

中的塑料含量将超过鱼类。)”结合下文提到用Manta收集海洋中的塑料垃圾可知，这一段是

给下文提供背景。故选D。

19.词句猜测题。根据第三段“Readytohelaunchedin2024,theMantawilloperate

autonomously75%ofthetimewithouttheuseofcoaloroil,anditwillhavetheabilitytoextract

between5,000and10,000tonsoffloatingplasticeachyearaswellasmicroplasticsfromIOmm

deeptoɪmeterdeep.(“曼塔”号将于2024年发射，75%的时间将在不使用煤炭或石油的情况

下自主运行,每年将能够extract5000至IOOOo吨漂浮塑料以及10毫米深至1米深的微塑料°）”

可知，这里是指“曼塔”号的功能，它应该是可以移除那些塑料垃圾，所以extract的意思应

该是“移除”，和选项A意思一致。故选A。

20.细节理解题。根据第四段“twosmallermultipurposecollectionrubberboatsforpartsofthe

oceanthatthelargershipcan,taccess（两艘较小的多用途收集橡皮艇，用于大型船舶无法进入

的海洋部分）“可知，加上两艘较小的多用途收集橡皮艇是用于大型船舶无法进入的狭窄的海

洋部分。故选B。

21.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Afterthreeweeksatsea,theMantawillbedirectedtowards

coastalportsintheareatogivelecturesandwelcomethepublicaboardforactivitiesorevents

regardingplasticpollution.Anareaof200mandaconferenceroomfor80peopleareonboardto

accommodatetheseevents.（在海上航行三周后，“曼塔”号将被引导到该地区的沿海港口进行

讲座，并欢迎公众上船参加有关塑料污染的活动。船上有200米的区域和可容纳80人的会

议室，以容纳这些活动。）”可知，这一段谈到了船舶作为教育平台的作用。故选B。

（2023•山东•潍坊-中校联考模拟预测）Oncetheredwolf,shistoricrangestretchedfrom

LongIslandtoMissourianddowntotheTexas-Mexicoborder.Butby1972theirpopulationwas

reducedtoasmallareaalongtheGulfcoastduetohabitatlossandhunting.

Toconservethespecies,14individualswerecaughtaspartofareproducingprogram.In

1980theirwildrelativesweredeclaredextinct—thecaughtwolveswereallthatwasleftandthus

lotsofgeneticv