江苏省南通东台泰州三市八校上学期阶段检测英语试题

2020～2021学年度第一学期阶段联测高三英语试题（考试时间120分钟，总分150分）第一部分听力(共两节，15题；每题2分，满分30分)第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whereisthedesk?A.Underthewindow.B.Acrossfromthedoor.C.Oppositethewindow.2.Whatisthemanmostprobably?A.Adoctor.B.Apoliceman.C.Ateacher.3.Whendoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inspring.B.Inautumn.C.Inwinter.4.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Enjoyingafountain.B.Havingcheese.C.Takingapicture.5.Whatwillthemankeep?A.Ashirt.B.Ahat.C.Asuit.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthewomandissatisfiedwith?A.Thekitchen.B.Thelivingroom.C.Thebedroom.7.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthelivingroom?A.Bigandbright.B.Newandmodern.C.Smallbutwellfurnished.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Managerandcustomer.C.Colleagues.9.Whomwillthemanhavelunchwithtomorrow?A.Mr.Tanawa.B.Peter.C.Jane.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whenwillthedininghallclose?A.Atabout6:30.B.Atabout7:00.C.Atabout10:00.11.Whydoesn’tAnnwanttoeatinthedininghall?A.Shehadapizzaalready.B.Shehastoprepareforatest.C.Shedoesn’tlikethefoodthere.12.WhatwillBillmostprobablydorightnow?A.Orderapizza.B.Cookdinnerathome.C.Gotothedininghall.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wheredoesthewomanwork?A.Atatelevisionstation.B.Atanewspaperoffice.C.Atauniversity.14.Whyisthemanapplyingforthisposition?A.Tomakemoney.B.Togetexperience.C.Tomeetfamouspeople.15.Whatisthemanmajoringinattheuniversity?A.Mediaandmunication.B.Advertising.C.English.16.Whatdoesthemanneedtodonextinordertogettheposition?A.TalktoMs.Wagner.B.pleteaform.C.Takesomecourses.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdothelibrarymembershavetodoeverytwoyears?A.Renewtheirpersonalinformation.B.Payforanewmembershipcard.C.Registerinthelibraryagain.18.Howlongwillthelibrarykeepthebookbookedinadvance?A.Fivedays.B.Aweek.C.Twoweeks.19.Whatcanbeborrowedforonedayonly?A.Children’sbooks.B.DVDs.C.Dictionaries.20.Onwhichdaywillthelibrarycloseat7:00p.m.?A.Wednesday.B.Saturday.C.Sunday.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AYouknowallaboutthedangersofexhaustion.Youevenknowthatworkingtoomanyhoursaffectsyourproductivity,andyetthere’salwaysonemoretaskthatneedsfinishingonemoreemailtowrite,oronemoreimpatientcustomerorbosswhodoesn’twanttowaittillMonday.Herearesometipsthatmayhelpyoudealwithpressureatworkwhenyoufeelexhausted.Don’tsavesleepingtime.Notonlydoesagoodnight’ssleepimproveyourmoodandcognitive(认知的)ability,butithelpsyougrowbraincells.Sleepdeprivation(匮乏)isassociatedwithalotofmentalandphysicalillness,andwillactuallymakeyouagemorequickly.Whateverelseyouhavetoforegotogivewaytoworkandmeetthedemandsofyourcrazyjob,makesuregettingagoodnight’ssleepeverynightisoneofyourpriorities.Getplentyofexercise.Exerciseisaknownmoodelevatorandstresskiller,aswellassomethingthatyourbodyneedstoremainhealthy.There’sevidencethatadailytwomilewalkcanhelpyourcognitivefunction.SofitsomeexerciseinyourscheduleeverydayorfollowSteveJobs’exampleandconductmeetingswhilewalking.Takebriefbreaksduringtheday.Evenafewminutesbetweenmeetingsandphonecallswillmakeabigdifference.Andalso,gooutsideduringthesebreaks.Sunlightandfreshaircandoalotofgood.Putavacationonyourcalendar.Havingavacationonyourcalendarwillgiveyousomethingtolookforwardto.Andasthedateapproaches,donotreschedulewhateverhappens.Takingavacationwillgiveyourmindarest.Youmightbesurprisedathowreinvigorated(振作的)andinspiredyou’llbegettingbacktowork.Scheduleeveningandweekendactivities.Thiswillgiveyourweeksomevarietyitwon’tallbeaboutyourjob.Itwillbebetterifyouroffhoursactivitiesinvolveotherpeopleyoucareabout,suchasyourspouse,partner,kids,orfriends.1.Whatmightbethepurposeofthepassage?A.Toshowthedangerofstressandoverwork.B.Totellussomeskillsofimprovingworkefficiency.C.Topersuadepeoplenottoworkovertime.D.Totellushowtogetthroughhighstresstimesatwork.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“forego”inParagragh2mean?A.Carryout. B.Focuson.C.Giveup. D.Getover.3.Whatcanyoudotogiveyourmindarest?A.Conductmeetingwhilewalking. B.Savesleepingtime.C.Takeavacation. D.Planweekendactivities.【答案】1.D2.C3.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章给出了缓解工作压力的建议和具体方式。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Herearesometipsthatmayhelpyoudealwithpressureatworkwhenyoufeelexhausted.（当你感到筋疲力尽时，这里有一些建议可以帮助你处理工作压力。）”再结合下文给出的五个建议，可推断文章的目的是告诉读者如何度过工作压力大的时期。故选D项。【2题详解】词义猜测题。A.Carryout.执行，实施；B.Focuson.集中于；C.Giveup.放弃；D.Getover.克服。根据该词后的目的状语“togivewaytoworkandmeetthedemandsofyourcrazyjob（给工作让路，满足你疯狂工作的要求）”可推测，forego意为“放弃”，因为只有“放弃”其它事情，才能达到为工作让路的目的。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Takingavacationwillgiveyourmindarest.（去度个假会让你的思想得到休息。）”可知，可以通过度假的方式来让心灵得到放松。故选C项。BAcancersurvivorhasbeethefirstwomantopleteanexhausting“SeatoSummit”triathlon(三项全能运动)whichsawherswimcycle,andrunover330milesinjustfivedays.AndreaMasonwasoverjoyedwhenshecrossedthefinishlineearlyWednesdaymorning.TheracewassetintheFrenchAlps.Settingoffat6:15amonFriday,39yearoldMasonbattledthroughseverepain,andhallucinations(幻觉),butshepushedonmanagingtopletetheraceinanimpressivefourdays,23hours,and41minutes.Andreahadbeendiagnosedwithcancerandneededlifesavingsurgery.Followingasuccessfuloperation,sheisnowhopingtoraiseawarenessofwomen’shealth.Inthepastyear,Andreasetupherowncharity,LadyTalkMatters,inordertonormalizetheconversationsurroundingfemalehealth.Andrea,fromBlackpoolinLancashire,England,said,“Iamsohappyallwentaccordingtoplanasthereweresomanythingsthatcouldhavegonewrong.Iwantedtodoitinfivedays,andIdid,butitwasverytough.Ihadsomelowmoments,particularlywhenIcouldn’tsleepinmylimitedrestperiods,andwhenIcouldn’tkeepanyfooddownasIwasrunning.ForsureIhadsomedoubtsalongthewayasIwasexploringtheunknownwithsuchahugerun,particularlyaslargepartsofitwereinthedark.ItwasbiggerthanIimagined,theimpactonmybodywashuge,buteverytimeIfeltlikegivingup,Ithoughtaboutallthewomenoutthereinpainorwhostillhadn’tbeendiagnosed.ThatiswhyIputmyselfthroughthis.”Andreahadtoswim23milesaroundLakeAnnecy,cycle205mileswith30,000feetofverticalclimbingaroundMontBlanc,andrun105mileswith4,000feetofverticalclimbingaroundTheUltraTrailduMontBlanc.YoucouldsayAndrea’sactuallyspentalifetimetrainingforaneventlikethis.Shepletedherfirstthreemilerace“poweredbychocolatebars”whenshewasjustfour.4.WhatbroughtAndreaMasonsomuchjoy?A.Sheswamandranover330milesinfivedays..B.Shebattledbravelyanddefeatedcancerfinally.C.Shepletedamarathoninjustfivedays.D.Shefinishedanexhaustingtriathlonlately.5.WhatisthepurposeofAndrea’screatingherowncharity?A.Tohelpthepoorwomen. B.Topromotewomen’shealth.C.Tofocusonwomen’slife. D.Toraisethestatusofwomen.6.WhatmadeAndreastickwiththerace?A.Thinkingofotherwomenwhomighthavecancer.B.Thinkingofotherwomenwhohadmorepain.C.Herstrongwillpowertowin.D.Herfamily’ssupport.7.Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinthelastparagraph?AAndrealikedsportsverymuch.B.Andreafacedhugechallenges.C.Asalittlegirl,Andreawonmanyraces.D.Andrea’ssuccesslayinlongtermeffort.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了AndreaMason患癌幸存者成为第一位完成了三项全能运动女性，而且为了促进女性健康，她成立了自己的慈善组织。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据“Acancersurvivorhasbeethefirstwomantopleteanexhausting“SeatoSummit”triathlon(三项全能运动)whichsawherswim,cycle,andrunover330milesinjustfivedays.”（一位癌症幸存者成为第一位完成“从海到顶峰”三项全能赛的女性，她在短短五天内游泳、骑自行车、跑了330英里。）可知，AndreaMason最近完成了一个让人精疲力竭的三项全能运动项目，这让她非常高兴。结合选项，故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文中“Inthepastyear,Andreasetupherowncharity,LadyTalkMatters,inordertonormalizetheconversationsurroundingfemalehealth.”（在去年，Andrea设立了她自己的慈善组织LadyTalkMatters，为的就是让围绕女性健康的话题正常化。）可知，Andrea设立慈善组织就是为了促进女性健康，结合选项，故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文中“buteverytimeIfeltlikegivingup,Ithoughtaboutallthewomenoutthereinpainorwhostillhadn’tbeendiagnosed.ThatiswhyIputmyselfthroughthis.”（但每次我想放弃的时候，我就会想到那些痛苦的，或者还没有被诊断出来的女人。这就是为什么我让自己经历这一切。）可推知，能让Andrea坚持这场比赛的是她想到在赛场外还有那些没有被诊断但是可能患癌女性或者已经在承受痛苦的女性，结合选项，故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文中“YoucouldsayAndrea’sactuallyspentalifetimetrainingforaneventlikethis.Shepletedherfirstthreemilerace“poweredbychocolatebars”whenshewasjustfour.”（你可以说Andrea为了这样比赛，花了一辈子的时间训练。她在4岁的时候就完成了她的第一次3英里比赛“poweredbychocolatebars”。）可推知，最后一段作者主要想告诉我们Andrea从很小的时候就开始参加这样的比赛，所以从她的经历中可以看出，她的成功是在于她长期的努力，结合选项，故选D项。CWithclimatechangeandoverfishingthreateningouroceans,itisbeingincreasinglyimportantforresearcherstocloselyobserveandcheckseaanimalsandplants.However,it’salmostimpossibletomakeitsincehumanpresencescarestheanimals.Now,thankstotherobot,SoFi,researchersmaybeabletosolvetheproblem.BuiltbyMIT’slaboratory,thesnowwhiteremotecontrolledrobotsimulates(模仿)fish,pletewithaflexibletailthatmovesfromsidetosideandtwo“fins”.Whentherobotisunderthesea,amotorispumpingwaterintoapairofballoonlikeroomslocatedintherobot’stail.Theseroomsoperatelikethekeypartsofengines.Asoneroomexpands,thetailbendstooneside;whenthemotorpusheswatertotheotherchannel,thetailbendsintheotherdirection.Thustherobotgainstheabilitytomovetowhereitwantstogo.SoFisolvesmanyoftheissuesthathaveaffectedtheusefulnessofpreviousrobotssometypesofautonomousunderwatervehicles(AUVs).AUVstraditionallyoftenhavehadtobetiedtoaboatbecauseradiofrequencymunicationsdonotworkwellunderwater,soresearchersusesoundwaves.Thenewtechnologycantravelgreaterdistances,allowingdrivers,byusingacontroller,topilotSoFifromupto50feetaway.SoFicanmoveintheocean,unaffectedbyropes.AlsolimitingtraditionalAUVs’usefulnessistheriskofhittingsomething,likehardstones.Withtheoutsidemadeofrubberandplasticthatcankeepitsbuiltinelectronicsdry,SoFicanefficientlyavoidhitting,soitismorelikelytosurviveapotentialcrisis.DuringtestdivesinRainbowReef,SoFiswamalongsidetheunsuspectingoceanlifeatdepthsof50feetforupto40minutesatatime,obtaininghighqualityphotosandvideos.Moreimportantly,itwasabletodosowithoutcausinganydisturbance.Researcherssaysometimesthefishwouldswimalongsidethestrangelookingrobotincuriosity,whileatothertimestheyappearedtopletelyignoreitsexistence.“It’snotperfect,butwe’reimprovingit.Oureffortswillpayoff,”saysRobertKatzschmann.8.WhyistherobotSoficreated?.A.Toobserveclimatechange. B.Tohelptomonitorseacreatures.C.Tocatchfishandobservethem. D.Topreventoverfishinginoceans.9.What’sParagraph3mainlywrittentoshow?A.TheshapeofSoFi. B.TheapplicationofSoFi.C.ThestructureofSoFi’stail D.ThetheoryofSoFi’smovement.10.ThematerialsforSofi’soutsidehelpitto_____________.A.Staysafeunderwater.B.Avoidhittingsthefficiently.C.Surviveapotentialcrisisunderthesea.D.Betterobserveandcheckseacreatures.11.What’sRobertKatzschmann’sattitudetowardsSoFi?A.Satisfied. B.Negative.C.Hopeful. D.Neutral.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了机器人SoFi用于监测海洋动物，SoFi的运作原理和它的安全性。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“itisbeingincreasinglyimportantforresearcherstocloselyobserveandcheckseaanimalsandplants.However,it’salmostimpossibletomakeitsincehumanpresencescarestheanimals.Now,thankstotherobot,SoFi,researchersmaybeabletosolvetheproblem.（研究人员密切观察和检查海洋动植物变得越来越重要。然而，这几乎是不可能的，因为人类的存在吓坏了动物。现在，多亏了机器人SoFi，研究人员可能能够解决这个问题）”可知，研究人员创造SoFi用于帮助他们监测海洋动物。故选B项。【9题详解】段落大意题。根据第三段“Whentherobotisunderthesea,amotorispumpingwaterintoapairofballoonlikeroomslocatedintherobot’stail.Theseroomsoperatelikethekeypartsofengines.Asoneroomexpands,thetailbendstooneside;whenthemotorpusheswatertotheotherchannel,thetailbendsintheotherdirection.Thustherobotgainstheabilitytomovetowhereitwantstogo（当机器人在水下时，一个电机将水抽进机器人尾部的两个气球一样的房间。这些房间就像引擎的关键部件一样运转。当一个房间扩张时，它的尾巴向一边弯曲;当马达把水推到另一个通道时，尾部就会向另一个方向弯曲。这样，机器人就有能力移动到它想去的地方。）”可知，该段落讲解了机器人SoFi运作的原理。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Withtheoutsidemadeofrubberandplasticthatcankeepitsbuiltinelectronicsdry,SoFicanefficientlyavoidhitting,soitismorelikelytosurviveapotentialcrisis.（由于外层由橡胶和塑料制成，可以保持内置电子设备的干燥，SoFi可以有效地避免碰撞，因此更有可能在潜在的危机中生存下来。）”可知，SoFi的外部材料可以使它在水下更安全。故选A项。【11题详解】观点态度题。根据最后一段“‘It’snotperfect,butwe’reimprovingit.Oureffortswillpayoff,’saysRobertKatzschmann.（“它并不完美，但我们正在改进。我们的努力会有回报的”罗伯特•卡茨曼说）”可知，RobertKatzschmann对SoFi的态度是充满希望的。故选C项。DWhat’stheeffectofpoetryonourbrain?Scientistshavebeeninvestigatingtheneuronal(神经元的)connectionsandbraincircuitsthatcanworkinthereadingofpoetryforsometime.And,eventhoughtheresearchhasonlyjustbegun,theresultsarealreadyfascinating.Poetryhastheoldestrecordedtextsinliterature.Althoughit’simpossibletosayexactlywhenitbegantobeusedintheoraltradition,wedaretosaythatit’sacpaniedhumanityforever.Thisgivesusanideaoftheimpactthatpoeticlanguagecanhaveonouremotionalandcognitivestate.Theemotionalresponsetoliteratureingeneralsharesareasofactivationwithmusic.However,moreareasoftherighthemisphere(半球)seemtoberelatedtopoetry.Theresearchersmeasuredthegoosebumpsresultingfromthetingling(强烈感受)sensationinreadingpoetry.Thistypeofsensationhasalsobeenproventoresultfrommusic.However,thetinglingsensationsproducedbypoetryactivatedifferentareasofthebrainparedtothoseactivatedbymusic.Dr.EugenWassiliwizky’steamcollecteddataonbehavioralresponsesinpeoplereadingorlisteningtopoetry.Theyprovedthatpoetryiscapableofcausingemotionalresponsesandrichemotionalexperiences.Inaddition,apoemexpressesthepoet’sideas.Fromapsychologicalview,poetryisagameoflanguagethatmanagestogroupwordsinasurprisingway.Wecouldparethiswithhowachefbinesingredientsthatseemimpossibletobine,producingextraordinaryresults.Poetryisbasedonrulesofconstruction.Itsetsuparhythm,whichthenbreaks,beforefinallyreturningtoit.Theplayonthemeaningsofwords,sometimesseveralmeaningsinjustoneword,isextremelyintellectuallyinspiring.Wecanreadapoemathousandtimes,andstillfinditsnewmeanings.Generally,ourpassagethroughthewonderfulworldofpoetryiscutshortbyaratherreducedexposureduringchildhoodandtheoverlyanalyticalapproachofthisliterarygenre(类型),whichisgiveninmostschools.Although,thestudiesthatexpertshaveconductedonpoetrygetalotofinterestingresults,poetrystillholdsamysterythatsciencehasn’tyetbeenabletoinvestigate.Forexample,whyaperfectcadence(抑扬顿挫)andrhythmcanliftthespiritofpeopleisthenewchallengefortheresearch.12.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenpoetryandmusic?A.Musiccausesfewergoosebumps.B.Poetrycreatesmoretinglingsensations.C.Theyworkondifferentpartsofthebrain.D.Theyareprocessedindifferentpartsofthebrain.13.Whatdoestheauthorprobablythinkofpoetry?AItisvagueinitsmeaningbutrichinemotionalexperience.B.Itbinesingredientsandextraordinaryresults.C.Itexpressessomethingaboutthepoet.D.It’sapuregameoflanguagethatsurprisestogivereaders.14.Whatmightbetheproblemwhenwelearnpoetryatschool?A.Weanalyzethisliterarygenretoomuch.B.Wemakechildrenmoreexposedtoit.C.Wehaven’treadapoemathousandtimes.D.Werelytoomuchonourteachers.15.Whatisthistextmainlyabout?A.Findingsaboutpoetry. B.Thehistoryofpoetry.C.Howtowritepoetry. D.Howtoappreciatepoetry.【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了关于“诗歌对大脑的影响”的研究成果以及作者对诗歌的看法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“However,thetinglingsensationsproducedbypoetryactivatedifferentareasofthebrainparedtothoseactivatedbymusic.（然而，与音乐相比，诗歌所产生的刺痛感激活了大脑的不同区域。）”可知，诗歌和音乐的主要不同之处在于它们对大脑的不同区域产生刺激作用。故选C项。13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inaddition,apoemexpressesthepoet’sideas.（此外，诗歌还能表达诗人的思想。）”可知，作者认为诗歌可以表达关于诗人的思想等一些诗歌以外的东西。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Generally,ourpassagethroughthewonderfulworldofpoetryiscutshortbyaratherreducedexposureduringchildhoodandtheoverlyanalyticalapproachofthisliterarygenre(类型),whichisgiveninmostschools.（一般来说，我们对美妙的诗歌世界的探索被童年时期较少的接触和大多数学校对这种文学体裁的过度分析所打断。）”可知，作者认为我们在学生时期学习诗歌时的过度分析打断了我们对诗歌世界的探索，故选A项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“And,eventhoughtheresearchhasonlyjustbegun,theresultsarealreadyfascinating.（而且，尽管研究才刚刚开始，结果已经很吸引人了。）”，可推断，文章句首就点明主题，在接下来的段落为读者详细阐述研究诗歌的结果和发现。所以主要讲述了诗歌的发现。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MakingotherpeoplefeelgoodfeelsgoodMakingotherpeoplefeelgoodfeelsgood,andbestofall,itrequireslittlemorethanagenerousheart.Studiesshowthatpeoplefeelhappierwhentheydosomethingkindforanotherperson,andbothrecipients(接受者)andgooddeeddoerscangetthebenefits.Itcan’tbeasmarterideatocreatethisWorldKindnessDay.___16___Learnafriend’slanguagePickingupabitofyourfriendsorcoworkers’firstlanguageandspeakingitwiththemshowsthemthatyoucareaboutandtakeaninterestintheirexperiences.Someonefeelingincludedandrespectedwillfeelagreatersenseofbelonging,animportantpartofhappiness.___17___Reachingouttosomeoneforthefirsttimeinalongtimecanbeaninstantremedy(处理方法)forwhatevertroublesyou.It’sassimpleasatext,anoteoracall.Letsomeoneknowyou’rethinkingofthem,evenaftersometimeapart.Studiessuggeststrongrelationshipscanimprovephysicalhealth,too.SincerelyplimentsomeoneArespectfulmentthatesfromtheheartaboutsomeone’suniquehairstyle,excellentperformanceortheirgreatsolutiontoaproblematworkmightbeallittakestoimprovesomeone’smood.___18___CollecttrashyouseearoundyourneighborhoodPickinguptrashandrecyclableitemsonthestreetbeautifiesyourmunityandbenefitstheenvironment.___19___Theenvironmentcan’tcleanitself,afterall!ThankthepeopleinyourlifeTheyarethesecurityguardoutsideofyourworkplace,thesupermarketworkeryouseeeverydayandyourmom.___20___Thankpeopleforthethings,bigandsmall,thattheydothatimproveyourlife.Appreciationispriceless.A.Haveeyecontactwithfriends.B.Reconnectwithafriendorfamilymember.C.Itmighteveninspireotherstotakeupthetaskwithyou.D.Withouttheirhelp,yourworldmightnotbeefficient(高效的).E.Openyourheartwithsomesmall,freewaystomakesomeone’sday.F.Makesurethepeopleyouspendtimewitharesupportiveofyourgoals.G.Others’positivewordscouldhelpsomepeoplebeabitkindertothemselves,too.【答案】16.E17.B18.G19.C20.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章就“如何使别人快乐”给出了建议并指出了这些建议的好处。【16题详解】根据下文各段标题句可知，作者给出了一些“让别人感觉良好”的方法，这些方法有的是很小的举动，有的是很随意的方式，总之结果都是使对方感觉良好和舒适，与E项中所说的“用一些小的、免费的方式打开你的心扉，让别人开心一天。”是一致的，且该项中的“makesomeone’sday”与前面“tocreatethisWorldKindnessDay”意义一致，E项内容起到承上启下的过渡作用。故选E项。【17题详解】设空处为本段小标题。根据第三段第三句“Letsomeoneknowyou’rethinkingofthem,evenaftersometimeapart.（让对方知道你很想念他，即使已经分开了一段时间。）”可知，该段是建议读者与长久未联系的朋友或家人重新取得联系，从而让对方知道“你很想念他”。选项B“与朋友或家人重新取得联系”符合该段的主旨。故选B项。【18题详解】根据第四段标题句“Sincerelyplimentsomeone（真诚地赞美别人）”可知，该段主要写发自内心的赞美所带来的效果，选项G“别人的积极话语也可以帮助一些人对自己更友好一些。”强调了来自别人积极的、肯定的赞美所带来的影响，与该段大意相符。故选G项。【19题详解】第四段标题句“Collecttrashyouseearoundyourneighborhood（收集你在附近看到的垃圾）”建议读者收集周围的垃圾，该段第一句“Pickinguptrashandrecyclableitemsonthestreetbeautifiesyourmunityandbenefitstheenvironment.（在街上捡垃圾和可回收的物品可以美化你的社区，也有利于环境。）”强调了收集垃圾对于社区和环境的好处，选项C“它甚至可能激励别人和你一起承担这项任务。”讲述的是“收集垃圾”对于别人的影响，符合本段主题内容，it指代上文的“Pickinguptrashandrecyclableitemsonthestreet”。故选C项。【20题详解】最后一段标题句“Thankthepeopleinyourlife（感谢你生命中的人）”。选项D“没有他们的帮助，你的世界可能不会很高效。”解释了感谢前面提到的那些人（保安，超市员工，妈妈）的原因，符合文章逻辑。且D项中的their指代前文提到的“thesecurityguard”、“thesupermarketworker”和“yourmom”，语意连贯，逻辑通顺，故选D项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。JKRowlinghassharedsomerejectionletterspublisherssenttoherinanefforttoencourageotherauthors.Rowlingpostedthe___21___onTwitterafterarequestfromafan.Theyrelatedto“TheCuckoo’sCalling”,herfirstnovel___22___thepennameasRobertGalbraith.ButRowling’s“HarryPotter”wasalso___23___severaltimesbeforethenovelbecameso___24___.Itbecameoneofthegreatestphenomenainchildren’sliterature,withsalesofmorethan400millioncopiesworldwide.Askedhowshekept___25___afterbeingrefused,shereplied:“Ihadnothingtoloseandsometimesthatmadeyoubraveenoughtotry.”JKRowlinghadpublishedthreesuccessfulnovelsbeforethe“HarryPotter”,___26___thefirstwasrejectedbyseveralpublishers.Theythoughtthewritingwasterrible,andRowlingwaseven___27___totakeawritingcourse.Rowling___28___thesignaturesofthepublisherswhenshepostedthelettersonline,sayinghermotivewas“inspirationnotrevenge(报复)”.Rowlinghopedtoencourageothersby___29___therejections.Thelongestandmostdetailedrejection—despitetheadviceonawritingcourse—includedhelpful____30____onhowtocontributetoapublisher.Thepublisheradded:“Iregretthatwehaveunwillinglyetotheconclusionthatwecouldnot____31____itbecausepublishingthenovelcan’tbringany____32____tothepublishinghouse.Youknowweneedmoney.”The____33____rejectionfromanotherpublishersaidthepublishinghousehadbeepartofanotherpublishinggroupandwasnot____34____newnovels.When“TheCuckoo’sCalling”____35____foundapublisherin2013,itachievedamazingsales,anditshottothetopofthebestsellerlistsintheworld.Later,peopleknewwhowroteit.21.A.novels B.pictures C.ments D.letters22.A.with B.in C.of D.for23.A.storedup B.brokendown C.turneddown D.putaside24.A.special B.successful C.useful D.wonderful25.A.motivated B.grateful C.excited D.worried26.A.and B.but C.so D.until27.A.warned B.demanded C.advised D.ordered28.A.signed B.covered C.replaced D.added29.A.sharing B.forgetting C.selling D.experiencing30.A.suggestions B.requests C.opinions D.directions31.A.buy B.manage C.publish D.believe32.A.point B.advantage C.interest D.ine33.A.strangest B.shortest C.funniest D.best34.A.correcting B.recognizing C.developing D.accepting35.A.secretly B.occasionally C.eventually D.fortunately【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.B25.A26.B27.C28.B29.A30.A31.C32.D33.B34.D35.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作家JK罗琳的小说在出版之前曾经遭到过很多次的拒绝，但她没有气馁，最终她的作品被出版并成为了畅销书。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：应一位粉丝的请求，罗琳在推特上发布了这些信件。A.novels小说；B.pictures照片，图片；C.ments评论；D.letters信件。根据第一段中“JKRowlinghassharedsomerejectionletterspublisherssenttoher”可知，此处指罗琳在推特上发布的是一些信件。故选D项。【22题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：这与她的第一部小说《布谷鸟的呼唤》(TheCuckoo’sCalling)有关，这是她用RobertGalbraith作笔名的第一部小说。A.with用；B.in在……里；C.of……的；D.for为了。根据空后的“thepenname”可知，此处指罗琳用笔名写小说。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是罗琳的《哈利·波特》在获得成功之前也被拒绝了好几次。A.storedup收藏；B.brokendown损坏，分解；C.turneddown拒绝；D.putaside储存。根据第三段句首的“beingrefused”可知，此处指《哈利·波特》被拒绝了好几次。故选C项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是罗琳的《哈利·波特》在获得成功之前也被拒绝了好几次。A.special特殊的；B.successful成功的；C.useful有用的；D.wonderful精彩的。根据后文“Itbecameoneofthegreatestphenomenainchildren’sliterature,withsalesofmorethan400millioncopiesworldwide.”可知，此处指《哈利·波特》这本小说是非常成功的作品。故选B项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当被问及如何在被拒绝后保持动力时，她回答说：“我没什么可失去的，有时这让你有足够的勇气去尝试。”A.motivated有上进心的，；B.grateful感激的；C.excited兴奋的；D.worried担心的。根据后文罗琳所说的话“sometimesthatmadeyoubraveenoughtotry.”可知，被拒绝之后仍然勇敢地去尝试，这是非常有上进心的。故选A项。【26题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：在《哈利·波特》之前，JK·罗琳已经出版了三部成功的小说，但第一部都被几家出版商拒绝了。A.and并且，和；B.but但是；C.so所以；D.until直到。空前说“JKRowlinghadpublishedthreesuccessfulnovels”，而空后又说“thefirstwasrejected”，前后意义相反，是转折关系。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们认为罗琳的写作很糟糕，甚至有人建议罗琳去上写作课。A.warned警告；B.demanded要求；C.advised建议；D.ordered命令。根据第五段中“despitetheadviceonawritingcourse”可知，此处指有些出版商建议罗琳去上写作课，这是advice的原词重现。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗琳在网上发布信件时遮住了出版商的签名，称自己的动机是“激励而不是报复”。A.signed署名；B.covered覆盖；C.replaced代替；D.added增加。根据后文“sayinghermotivewas“inspirationnotrevenge(报复)””可知，罗琳的动机不是为了报复出版商，所以为了不给曾经拒绝过她的出版商带来负面影响，把他们的名字遮盖住了。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗琳希望通过分享她被拒的经历来鼓励其他人。A.sharing分享；B.forgetting忘记；C.selling出售；D.experiencing体验。根据第二段第一句“Rowlingpostedthe___1___onTwitterafterarequestfromafan.”可知，罗琳在社交网站上发布这些被拒绝的信件是跟粉丝分享经历。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最长、最详细的拒绝——尽管有关于写作课程的建议——包括如何向出版商投稿的有用建议。A.suggestions建议；B.requests请求；C.opinions观点；D.directions方向，指示。根据空后的定语“onhowtocontributetoapublisher”可知，这些内容都属于“建议”。故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：出版商补充说：“我很遗憾，我们不情愿地得出了不能出版的结论，因为出版小说不会给出版社带来任何好处。”A.buy购买；B.manage处理，设法做；C.publish出版；D.believe相信。根据空后的“becausepublishingthenovelcan’tbringany___12___tothepublishinghouse.”可知，此处是publish的原词重现。故选C项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：出版商补充说：“我很遗憾，我们不情愿地得出了不能出版的结论，因为出版小说不会给出版社带来任何收入。”A.point要点；B.advantage优势，利益；C.interest兴趣，利息；D.ine收入。根据后文“Youknowweneedmoney.”可知，出版商拒绝罗琳的理由是出版小说不能给他们带来任何金钱的收入。故选D项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：来自另一家出版社的最短的拒绝说，这家出版社已经成为另一家出版集团的一部分，不接受新的小说。A.strangest最奇怪的；B.shortest最短的；C.funniest最滑稽的；D.best最好的。根据第五段第一句中的“Thelongestandmostdetailedrejection（最长、最详细的拒绝）”可知，在介绍了最长的拒绝之后，此处应介绍的是最短的拒绝信。故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：来自另一家出版社的最短的拒绝说，这家出版社已经成为另一家出版集团的一部分，不接受新的小说。A.correcting校正；B.recognizing认出；C.developing发展；D.accepting接受，承担。本段主要介绍最短的拒绝信的内容，“拒绝”即不再接受。故选D项。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：2013年，当《布谷鸟的呼唤》最终找到出版商时，它取得了惊人的销量，一跃登上了全球畅销书排行榜的榜首。A.secretly秘密地；B.occasionally偶然地；C.eventually最终；D.fortunately幸运地。根据第二段中的“Theyrelatedto“TheCuckoo’sCalling””可知，《布谷鸟的呼唤》这部小说也曾遭到过拒绝，所以此处指