减温减压器调节阀介绍

中国石油成都100万吨/年乙烯项目技术交流

－CCI在乙烯项目上的典型工况解决方案

乙烯项目上的严酷工矿■高噪音,汽蚀工况解决方案-----------------蒸汽放空锅炉给水■闪蒸-------------------------------------------锅炉排污阀■防喘振-------------------------------------------压缩机■减温减压器-------------------------------------裂解及分离部分2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.3ISA/IEC手册该手册规定了调节阀设计，尺寸及选型必须达到的最低要求并提供了控制阀的基本规范及标准该手册阐述了流速对阀门的破坏,及对流速的控制要求2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.4ISA手册:阀芯处的速度控制要求

严酷工况气体/蒸汽的速度头液体的流速kPam/s连续的单项流体48030气蚀或多项流体27523振动非常敏感的地方7512间歇工况1030-KE=

V22gc2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.5对于管道的速度(能量)要求可接受的能量限制气体/蒸汽可接受的速度限制液体/水kPa米/秒主管线53阀芯480302024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.6严酷工况伴随的特征高温/高压气蚀闪蒸噪音间隙流热应力维护成本高定期维护2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.7速度控制阀原理-能量守恒P2P1VVP1P2缩流处流向2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.8速度控制原理单级压降DP=P1-P22024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.9速度控制原理多级压降2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.10CCI在1961年首先发明了第一台迷宫阀并注册商标DRAG

DRAG速度控制原理单级减压

Singlestagepressurereduction多级减压

Multistagepressurereduction多通道多级盘片

MultipathmultistagediskDRAG盘片组合

DRAG®diskstack2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.11DRAG速度控制原理2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.12DRAG控制阀-解决气蚀问题根据压降决定迷宫的级数限制阀芯的流速在规定范围内,从源头上消除气蚀的危害级数ΔP,公斤3497159283米/秒米/秒米/秒米/秒147791011353315267894<304558778<30<30374912<30<30<303416<30<30<30<30假定常温水2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.13DRAG控制阀应用:锅炉给水及小流量除氧器小流量循环阀给水调节阀锅炉省煤器锅炉给水泵2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.14Boilerfeedwaterpump2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.15锅炉给水及小流量工况要求锅炉给水泵►能够将300公斤以上的压力直接下降到大气压力,同时解决以下问题

–闪蒸冲刷阀芯–气蚀–机械振动►保持长时间关闭不漏,防止拉丝现象►能够自动连续调节,故障打开,选择阀门时考虑以下参数

–最高流量–最大压差–进出口压力–给水温度2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.16锅炉给水及小流量阀门特点2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.172024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.18锅炉给水小流量阀门特性01020304050607080901000102030405060708090100%Flow%StrokeModifiedLinearLinearModifiedEqual%2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.19小流量阀门其它厂家解决办法2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.20Durationperday(hr)Soundlevel,dB(A)slowresponse89069249539721001½1021105½110¼orless115OSHA’spermissiblepersonnelnoiseexposure&timelevelsforhearingconservationOSHAnoiseexposurelimits2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.21IEC标准概括了计算阀门噪音的五个步骤1.确定物体在缩流处的能量

2.转换成阀门出口处的噪音能

3.确定流动物流中的声压

4.确定管壁外权衡的声压强度

5.将声压强度换算成标准地点的声压2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.22第一步:物流在缩点处的能量能够转换成噪音的物流能量就是缩点处质量流量的动能:利用热力学第一定律的能量方程式可以计算出缩点处的速度2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.23迷宫阀对噪音的控制-消耗流体的动能2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.24多少级迷宫能够控制阀芯的能量在480Kpa以下压差公斤1级kPa3级kPaISA规定kPa需要的级数351240825480870226015004801414043002900480242758360560048032介质为天然气,出口压力=700kPa2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.25CCIleadsnoisepredictionstandards2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.26解决噪音的另外一种方法2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.27其它厂家对于噪音的最好解决方法2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.28CCI的选型计算依据在天津乙烯混温阀的计算资料2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.29

ISA关于噪音的计算2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.30

ISA关于噪音的计算2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.31CCI蒸汽放空阀等高噪音工况的阀门特点2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.32CCI在内蒙联合化工装置使用30年的迷宫防喘振阀2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.33声路处理的方式控制噪音2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.34CCI调节阀在锅炉排污工况的调节阀VDAAB3702024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.35乙烯装置防喘振调节阀迅速打开,打开时间小于2秒对于正常调节时有时要求1秒

阀门要有足够的额定流通能力非常高的可靠行无超调,迟滞小故障打开无手轮无振动线性或双线性长期保持金属五级密封2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.36乙烯装置防喘振调节阀压缩机转速设定在效率最高的值上，正常运转时其转速是不可调的,通过防喘振阀调整负荷防喘振阀由独立的喘振控制系统控制,其反应速度要求非常快,可靠性高,风险小该阀应快速准确打开打开太快将会造成能源的无谓浪费可使回路操作更接近喘振控制线喘振控制器设定点更接近喘振限

提高压缩机/工艺的效率和节约能源只有在实际流量或工作点速度接近喘振限时，防喘振阀门才打开，一旦流量恢复至安全值，阀门继续正常工作2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.37CCI同CCC公司有30多年的合作阀门执行机构

-阀门开启时间应小于等于2秒

-应选用可靠的阀门定位器,Cv值要大一些的定位器

-建议不使用快速泄放阀,用放大器替代.阀门计算

-阀门应选用线性特性

-Cv选用应为操作曲线和喘振限制线最大值的1.8-2.2倍2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.38CCI防喘振阀门结构2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.39CCI防喘振阀门的技术演变2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.40CCI防喘振阀门的技术演变-传统的气路图附件清单推进器10(带红色方框)快速泄放阀

5(带蓝色方框)电磁阀1(编号39)保位阀2(编号31,44)总计182024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.41

CCI防喘振阀门的技术演变--QuickTrak™2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.42Keycomponents2/2EncoderStepMotorPressureSensorsSpoolValveProbe3WayValve2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.43CCI防喘振控制性能比较OverstroketypicaNooverstrokeConventional

pneumaticsQuickTrak™

2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.44CCI防喘振控制性能比较ValveperformancecharacteristicsPneumaticpistonwith

positioner&accessoriesPneumaticpistonwith

QuickTrak™*Deadtimeonseat>300millisecond<150millisecondHysteresisHighfriction<2%<1%Lowfriction<1%<0.5%Resolution&

deadbandHighfriction<2%<0.5%Lowfriction<1%<0.25%*Resolution&hysteresischaracteristicsmaybelimitedbyvalve/actuatorcombination.Consultfactoryfordetails2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.45CCI防喘振控制性能比较2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.46QuickTrak™(2availablesizes:Cv22&Cv7)

2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.47ZoomLocalPanelRemotecontrolbyRS232,HARTprotocolRemotecontrolbyHARTprotocolThisdevicehastobeequippedwiththeQTHARTDeviceDescriptionfilefreedownloadablefromthewebsiteoftheHARTfoundation.ThisHARTdeviceisoutofQTSystemsupply

HARTDeviceQTControllerLocalControlScenario2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.48QuickTrak™projects-WoodsideLNG30X42寸ANSI300角阀2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.49减温减压器2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.51BTG/CCI雾化效果热应力噪音2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.55CCIValveTechnology2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.564VLB-250readyfordeliverytoDesalinationPlantUmmAlNaar,UnitedArabEmirates2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.57

减温基本原理减温水经过喷嘴后喷出分散成不同尺寸的水滴（初级雾化）水滴在蒸汽中，因蒸汽流动产生的空气动力大于水分子的表面张力，水滴被进一步击碎，形成水雾（二级雾化）水雾悬浮分散在过热蒸汽中，吸收热量，达到沸点经过一段时间，水雾蒸发，从而蒸汽温度降低2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.581mm–20mm尘雾20mm–250mm薄雾250mm–500mm毛毛雨>500mm雨水滴尺寸试验证明要蒸发20µ的水滴大约需要0.01秒，而要蒸发相同温度下200µ的水滴则需要1秒。水滴尺寸与蒸发时间大约成平方关系。VLB2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.60弹簧背压式喷嘴2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.61喷嘴喷流型式比较(高速摄影)喷雾嘴旋转喷嘴弹性喷嘴2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.62弹簧背压式喷嘴2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.63弹簧背压喷嘴Size1½”1”½”Cvvalue11.27.71.6CrackingpressPsi255050Fullopenpresspsi200500450Dropletsizeum

<60<60<602024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.64弹簧背压式喷嘴2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.65弹簧背压式喷嘴特点分析可调比高,达到200:1弹簧材料:用于汽轮机的叶片填料:石墨压力可调:可调范围:1.5-8kg/cm2不会出现水滴.雾化范围宽:成扇形面散开水滴大小均匀,水滴尺寸:20-250um,薄雾状防止气蚀,有背压五级密封防堵,自清洁设计不需要单向截止阀维护简单选型依据：流速及其它1.正常蒸汽速度控制在20～80m/s之间，最有利于水滴的蒸发。最小不要低于8米/秒,最大不要超过100米/秒.噪音要求低于85分贝执行机构带手轮.泄漏等级:ANSIV级尽量不变径给水阀非常重要,要求金属密封5级.选型依据一：直管段长度及安装2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.68VLB早期产品螺栓螺母式阀盖阀杆阀芯通过螺纹连接阀座靠套筒压紧在阀体上，直接受到高速蒸汽的冲刷调节套筒通过垫圈上下固定，高温下没有收缩的余地多处填料密封，增加泄漏点SeatControlsleeve2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.69减温减压器型号:VLB延长导向阀杆,带隔离帽顶装式，压力自密封阀芯阀杆连接无销钉一体锻造流线型阀体(壁厚尽可能薄)弹性阀座(两片)浮动减压套筒只有两个区域需要填料密封，大大减少了泄漏点尽可能薄的壁厚2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.70PressureSealBonnetMaintainstightnessregardlessoftemperatureEasyremovalofTrimOnlytwoareasofpacking

(limitingleakpaths)Noneedtotorquebolts2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.71CagePlugandSeatArrangementFlexibleseatforthermalshockExtendedGuidingAreaAnglePatternprovidingexpansionContractioninoneplane.2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.72Thermalprotection热隔离保护TheVSTFamily2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.74VSTfamily–40yearsofsteamconditioningserviceSteamconVST-100/VST-110VSTVST-SE2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.75PressureSealBonnetMaintainstightnessregardlessofthermaltransients.ForgedFullyMachinedBodyHandlesthermalfatiguecriticalforreliableservice.Two-pieceSeatSpecialtwopieceseatresistsdamagefromthermaltransients.SteamAtomizedDesuperheatingProvidessuperiordesuperheatingcapabilities.ProtectedSeatDesignThrottlinghappensacrossthecageholesintheinletcageplugandthereforetheseatisprotectedfromhighvelocitysteam.LowFlowSteamAtomizingChannelAllowsforahighturndownwithrespecttodesuper-heatedsteamflowofgreaterthan50to1.Built-inWaterProportioningSystemUniquedesignmanagesflowandthermalTransients.TopEntryDesignIn-linerepairableforeaseofinspectionandmaintenance.2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.76VST-SE2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.77VST-SE

15%open2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.78VST-SE

50%open2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.79VST-SE

100%open2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.80StemandPlug–VST-SE2024/3/14©2002.CCI–ControlComponentsInc.CCIistheValveDoctor®.Allrightsreserved.81ThesolutionThermalshockForgedfullymac