实用IT英语（第4版） 课件 Unit 14 Your Future and Information Technology

YourFutureandInformationTechnologyUnit14实用IT英语（第4版）Inthisunit,wearefocusingonthefollowingissuesbusinessvalue;ITtransparency;collaboration;ITfederation;CIO(ChiefInformationOfficer);CTO(ChiefTechnologyOfficer)OutlineShapingtheinformationage.BuildinganITcareerinthemidstofchange.Beawinnerintheinformationrevolution.Tipsforasuccessfulfirstjobinterview.Amockjobinterview.ProfessionalTerminologyDialogue:ITWorkingExperienceSection

2ReadingTextA:ShapingtheInternetAgeTextB:BuildinganITCareerintheMidstofChangeTextC:ToBeaWinnerintheInformationRevolutionOccupationalTips:TheFirstJobInterviewClassActivities:AnITInterviewCONTENTSSection

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4Dialogue:ITWorkingExperience01Directions:Readthefollowingdialogueandpracticeinpairs.Situation:ThedialogueisbetweenanITcompanyemployer,Jessica,andanewemployee,AnneaboutAnne’sworkingexperience.Jessica:DoyouhaveanyexperiencesofworkinginITcompanies?Anne:Yes,Iusedtohaveapart-timejobinanITcompany.Jessica:Whatwasyourmaindutythere?Anne:Computerprogramming.Jessica:Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkacomputerprogrammershouldhave?Anne:Inmyopinion,acomputerprogrammershouldhaveteamworkspiritandanactiveimagination.HeorsheshouldbetalentedincreationandbesensitivetothechangesintheITMarket.Dialogue:ITWorkingExperience01Jessica:Whathaveyoulearnedfromthepart-timejobyouhavehad?Anne:Ihavelearnedhowtobehavemyselfasaqualifiedemployeeandsomeskillsabouthowtogetalongwithpeoplewithdifferentpersonalities.Jessica:Couldyougivemeadetailedexplanation?Anne:Yes.I’velearnedfrommyworkingexperiencethatsometimestheworkingsituationmaybecomeprettytense.Forexample,peoplemaygetimpatientbecausedeadlinesarealwaysthere.Thissometimescausespeopletogetupsetorsaysomethingtheyusuallywouldn’tsay.Whenthishappens,IjustletitgoandkeepworkingbecauseIknowthingswilleventuallycalmdown.Notespart-timejob01maindutycomputerprogrammingteamworkspiritdeadlines02030405最后期限兼职工作主要工作职责计算机编程团队合作精神Dialogue:ITWorkingExperienceSection

2ReadingTextA:ShapingtheInternetAgeTextB:BuildinganITCareerintheMidstofChangeTextC:ToBeaWinnerintheInformationRevolutionOccupationalTips:TheFirstJobInterviewClassActivities:AnITInterviewCONTENTSSection

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4TextA:ShapingtheInternetAge01Lessthanaquarterofacenturyago,theInternetwasanobscurenetworkoflargecomputersusedonlybyasmallcommunityofresearchers.Atthetime,themajorityofcomputerswerefoundincorporateinformationtechnology(IT)departmentsorresearchlaboratories,andhardlyanyoneimaginedthattheInternetwouldplaysuchanimportantroleinourlivesasitdoestoday.Infact,theveryideaofa“personalcomputer”,muchlessmillionsofthemconnectedbyaglobalnetwork,seemedabsurdtoallbutahandfulofenthusiasts.Wheneveranewtechnologyemergeswiththepotentialtochangethewaypeopleliveandwork,itsparkslivelydebateaboutitsimpactonourworldandconcernoverhowwidelyitshouldbeadopted.Somepeoplewillviewthetechnologywithtremendousoptimism,whileotherswillviewitasthreateninganddisruptive.Whenthetelephonewasfirstintroduced,manycriticsthoughtitwoulddisruptsociety,dissolvecommunities,erodeprivacy,andencourageselfish,destructivebehavior.Othersthoughtthetelephonewouldcreatenewbusinessopportunitiesandbringsocietyclosertogether.TextA:ShapingtheInternetAge01TheInternetbringsmanyoftheseargumentsbacktolife.SomeoptimistsviewtheInternetashumanity’sgreatinvention—aninventiononthescaleoftheprintingpress.TheybelievetheInternetwillbringaboutunprecedentedeconomicandpoliticalempowerment,richercommunicationbetweenpeople,aculturalrenaissance,andaneweraofeconomicprosperityandworldpeace.Attheotherextreme,pessimiststhinktheInternetwillresultineconomicandculturalexploitation,thedeathofprivacy,andadeclineinvaluesandsocialstandards.Ifhistoryisanyguide,neithersideoftheseargumentswillbeprovedright.Justasthetelephone,electricity,theautomobile,andtheairplaneshapedourworldinthe20thcentury,theInternetwillshapetheearlyyearsofthe21st,anditwillhaveaprofoundandoverwhelminglypositiveimpactonthewayweworkandlive.Butitwillnotchangethefundamentalaspectsofbusinessandsociety,companieswillstillneedtomakeaprofit,peoplewillstillneedtheirsocialframework,educationwillstillrequiregreatteachers.TextA:ShapingtheInternetAge01However,thecurrentdebateoverhowwidelyweshouldadoptthistechnologydoesraisesomeseriousissuesthatmustbeaddressedtomakethemostoftheInternet’svastpotential.TheInternetgivespeopletheopportunitytoputtheirknowledgetoworkandtakeadvantageofgreateropportunitiestoleadproductiveandfulfillinglives.Itisthegatewaytovastamountsofknowledge,artandculture.Itprovidesequalaccesstoinformationandcommunications,allowingtheformationofrichcommunitiesandforgingrealconnectionsbetweenpeople.Itbreaksdownbarriersbetween(andwithin)nations,openingupeconomiesanddemocratizingsocieties.Andascheapcomputingpowerbecomesmorepervasive,theInternetcanbringallthesebenefitstomoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld.EnsuringthattheInternetcanhavethebroadestandmostpositiveimpactonthegreatestpossiblenumberofpeoplewillbeatremendouschallengeforourpoliticalandbusinessleaders.TherearesomekeyissuesthatneedtobeovercometorealizetheInternet’sfullpotential,butalthoughtheyarechallenging,theyarenotentirelynewanddefinitelynotinsurmountable.Andit’sclearthatthesearechallengesworthfacing.Liketheprintingpress,thetelephone,electricityortheautomobile,theInternetisarevolutionarytechnologythatistransformingourworld.Note:ThisarticleisanexceptionfromanessaybyBillGatesontheevolutionofInternetandthetechnologiesthatarehelpingconnectpeopletoinformation,resourcesandtoeachother.TextA:ShapingtheInternetAge01dissolve07privacyrenaissance0809v.消除；解决（问题）n.隐私n.复兴；再生131415forgedemocratizepervasivev.锻造；伪造；建立v.使民主化adj.普遍的；渗透的；遍布的101112prosperityunprecedentedpotentialadj.空前的；前所未有的n.繁荣；兴旺n.潜力；潜能1617insurmountabletremendousadj.无法解决的；难以对付的adj.巨大的；惊人的obscure01enthusiastspark0203adj.难解的；模糊的n.热心人；热衷者v.闪烁；冒火花；热情回应040506debateoptimismdisruptv.辩论；讨论n.乐观；乐观主义v.干扰；打断NewWords&ExpressionsTextA:ShapingtheInternetAge01Ⅰ.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?2.WhatisBillGates’attitudetowardstheInternet,positiveornegative?3.WhatargumentsdoestheInternetbringbacktolife?4.HowdidtheroleoftheInternetchangepeople’slivesduringthepast25yearsaccordingtoBillGates?5.WhatopportunitiesandchallengeswillbebroughtbytheInternet?TextA:ShapingtheInternetAge01Ⅱ.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.Exercises()1.Lessthan25yearsago,theInternetwasanobscurenetworkoflargecomputersusedonlybyasmallcommunityofresearchers.()2.Theveryideaofa“personalcomputer”,muchlessmillionsofthemconnectedbyaglobalnetwork,seemedabsurdtoallthepeople.()3.TheInternetwillsurelychangeeverythingincludingthefundamentalaspectsofbusinessandsociety.()4.TheInternetprovidesthesameaccesstoinformationandcommunications,allowingtheformationofrichcommunitiesandforgingrealconnectionsbetweenpeople.()5.TherearesomekeyissuesthatneedtobeovercometorealizetheInternet’sfullpotentialandtheyarenotnewandsurmountable.TFFTFTextB:BuildinganITCareerintheMidstofChange01Itwasn’tthatlongagothatmanyITprofessionalswerewaitingfortheeconomicdownturntosubsidesothatemploymentcouldreturntoitspre-recessiontimes.Thiswasaverypracticalapproachtotake,sinceinthepast,ITalwaysseemedtocomebackstrongevenwhentherestoftheeconomystruggled.Nowcurrentmeasuressuggestthatemploymentisslightlyupbutit’snotastableenvironment.WhatthenumbersreallyimplyisacompletelydifferentstorythatwillhavestaggeringimpactsonthecareersofITprofessionals.WhatdoesthismeantoyouasanITprofessionalorexecutive?Howdoesthischangethewayyou’llmarketyourselfforfuturecareeropportunities?Let’sexaminethemajorfactorsthataredrivingthisincrediblechange,andexploresomeofthewaysthatanindividualcanbepositionedforsuccessandskillfullynavigatetheseturbulentwaters.TextB:BuildinganITCareerintheMidstofChange01BusinessValueCommunicatingvaluetotheorganizationintechnologytermswon’tchangethebusiness’perceptionofITasacostcenter.TostatethatIThasdelivered99.99%networkuptimecompletelymissesthemarkbecauseitrelatesonlytohardwareandsoftwaremaintenance,andnottobusinessperformance.InsteadtheITprofessionalshoulddescribeaccessibility,availability,andbusinesscapabilitiesthatarenetworkdependent–communications,businessprocesses,workactivities,etc.–thatareprovidedbyanetworkwith24/7uptime.ITprofessionalsandexecutiveswhocanconnecttheirachievementswiththebusinessvaluethattrulymatterstotheorganization,andwhocanmeasureandcommunicatetheresultswillbeabletowritetheirownticket.TextB:BuildinganITCareerintheMidstofChange01AgilityAgileismuchmorethandevelopmentmethodology.Itisbusinessbeliefsandbehaviors.Anagilebusinessisnimble–quick,responsive,andproactiveaboutchange.Foragilemethodstosucceed,thebusinessandITmustbeequallycommittedtotheprocess.CreatingclearanddefinedexpectationsistheresponsibilityofCIOsandCTOs.Theymustgainconsensusbyeducatingtheexecutiveteamaboutallaspectsofagileprocesses.Withoutexecutivebuy-inandstakeholdercommitmentfromthetopdown,agileprojectswillseethesamehighfailureratesasiterativeandwaterfall.Poorlyexecutedagilemethodsbecomeameansofdoingthewrongthingsfaster.DoMoreWithLessMovingemailsystemstothecloudisbecomingcommonandthecostbenefitsareeasytodemonstrate.Butemailisonlythebeginning.Withsoftwareasaservice(SaaS),platformasaservice(PaaS),infrastructureasaservice(IaaS),anddataasaservice(DaaS)youcanexpecttoseeamajorshiftinthewaythattechnologyisprovisionedacrosstheentirespectrumfrominfrastructuretobusinessapplications.TextB:BuildinganITCareerintheMidstofChange01ITTransparencyITdepartmentsthatareshroudedinsecrecyamplifytheperceptionofITasamassivecostcenterwithquestionablebusinessvalue.Hiddenprocesses,priorities,andfinancescauseITtobeviewedasablackbox–orworseyetasa“blackholeintowhichwethrowmoney”.SomeestimatesindicatethatITaccountsfornearlyone-halfofallcapitalexpenditureinUScorporations.Forsuchlargeinvestments,businessexecutivesneedtobelievethattheyarereceivingvaluefortheirmoneyandthattheservicesprovidedbyITareattherightlevelandattherightcost.CollaborationBeforewediscusscollaborativerelationships,weneedtounderstanditsmeaning.Collaborationisastyleofworkingtogetherthatischaracterizedbycommunication,discussion,andcollectivedecisionmaking.Itisimportantintwoways:(1)becausebusiness/ITcollaborationisoneofthewaystocreaterealvaluethroughtechnology,and(2)becauseconnectedandcollaborativearedefiningbehavioraltraitsofthenewgenerationofbusinessmanagers.TextB:BuildinganITCareerintheMidstofChange01ITFederationWhileITdepartmentscontinuetobelargelycentralized,informationtechnologyitselfiswidelydistributed.Muchoftheactualtechnology–hardware,software,applications,anddata–residesinandismanagedbyindividualbusinessunits.Widelydistributedtechnologygoeshand-in-handwithdistributedtechnicalcapabilities.AwiseITexecutiveviewsdepartmentalandbusiness-unittechnologynotascompetitivebutcomplementarytocentralizedIT.ThecareersofITprofessionalsneedtoaddresstheissuesthatareimportanttothebusiness.Thisisastraight-forwardstatementofaverydifficulttask.ButanyhopesofbecomingatrustedstrategicpartnermandatesthatITexecutiveschangehowtheythinkaboutthemselves,howtheyacttowardothers,andhowtheyworkwiththeirteamandwithintheorganization.Anythinglessmeansbeingexcludedfromtheinnercircle.TextB:BuildinganITCareerintheMidstofChange01professiona01accessibilityavailabilityexecutiveagility02030405n.敏捷；灵活；轻快n.专业人员adj.职业的；专业的；专门的n.可以得到；易接近n.有效；有用；有益；

可得到的人（或物）n.行政主管；行政部门；决策者NewWords&ExpressionsCIO06abbr.首席信息官（=ChiefInformationOfficer）expenditure07n.开支；消耗08091011collaborationfederationstraight-forwardhand-in-handn.合作n.联邦；联合；联盟adj.直接的；顺向的；简单的adj.手拉手的；亲密的；并进的TextB:BuildinganITCareerintheMidstofChange01Ⅰ.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises1.WhyweremanyITprofessionalswaitingfortheeconomicdownturntosubside?2.Whatarethemajorfactorsthataredrivingthisincrediblechangeaccordingtothisarticle?3.Whatdoesthe“businessvalue”meanbytheauthor?Whyisitsoimportant?4.Whatdoes“ITtransparency”mean?Explainitinyourownwords.5.WhyshouldawiseITexecutiveviewdepartmentalandbusiness-unittechnologynotascompetitivebutcomplementarytocentralizedIT?TextB:BuildinganITCareerintheMidstofChange01Ⅱ.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.Exercises()1.Inthepast,ITalwaysseemedtocomebackstrongevenwhentherestoftheeconomystruggled.()2.Communicatingvaluetotheorganizationintechnologytermswillchangethebusiness’perceptionofITasacostcenter.()3.ITtransparencymeansbusinessexecutivesneedtobelievethattheyarereceivingvaluefortheirmoneyandthattheservicesprovidedbyITareattherightlevelandattherightcost.()4.Collaborationisastyleofworkingtogetherthatischaracterizedbycommunication,discussion,andcollectivedecisionmaking.()5.ThecareersofITprofessionalsneedtoaddresstheissuesthatareimportanttothebusiness.Thisisastraight-forwardstatementofasimpletask.FFTTFTextC:ToBeaWinnerintheInformationRevolution01Tobeawinnerintheinformationrevolution,youneedanindividualstrategy.Clearly,recenttechnologicalchanges,andthosesuretocomeinthenearfuture,willproducesignificantchangesandopportunitiesintheyearsahead.Howshouldwebepreparedforthem?Somesuggestionsareasfollows.MaintainYourComputerCompetenceActually,youshouldtrytostayaheadofthetechnology.Books,journals,andtradeassociationsarethebestsourcesofinformationaboutnewtechnologythatappliestoyourfield.Thegeneralbusinesspress,forexampleBusinessWeek,Fortune,Inc.,TheWallStreetJournal,andthebusinesssectionofyourlocalnewspaper,alsocarriescomputer-relatedarticles.However,ifyouwish,youcansubscribetoamagazinethatcoversmicrocomputersandinformationmorespecifically.ExamplesareInfoWorld,PCWorld,andMacWorld.Youmayalsofinditusefultolookatnewspapersandmagazinesthatcoverthecomputerindustryasawhole.AnexampleofsuchaperiodicalisComputerWorld.MostofthesemagazinesalsohaveanonlineversionavailableontheWeb.TextC:ToBeaWinnerintheInformationRevolution01DevelopProfessionalContactsBesidesbeingmembersofprofessionalassociations,successfulpeoplemakeitapointtomaintaincontactwithothersintheirfield.Theystayintouchbytelephone,e-mail,andnewsgroupsandgotolunchwithothersintheirlineofwork.Doingthisletsthemlearnwhatotherpeoplearedoingintheirjobs.Ittellsthemwhatotherfirmsaredoingandwhattasksarebeingautomated.Developingprofessionalcontactscankeepyouabreastnotonlyofnewinformationbutalsoofnewjobpossibilities.Italsoofferssocialbenefits.Anexampleofaprofessionalorganizationfoundinmanyareasisthelocalassociationofrealtors.DevelopSpecialtiesDevelopspecificaswellasgeneralskills.Youwanttobewell-roundedwithinyourfield,butcertainlynota“jackofalltrades,masterofnone”.Masteratradeortwowithinyourprofession.Atthesametime,don’tbecomeidentifiedwithaspecifictechnologicalkillthatmightverywellbecomeobsolete.Thebestadviceistospecializetosomeextent.However,don’tmakeyourspecialtysotiedtotechnologythatyou’llbeintroubleifthetechnologyshifts.Forexample,ifyourcareerisinmarketingorgraphicsdesign,itmakessensetolearnaboutdesktoppublishingandWebpagedesign.Thatwayyoucanlearntomakehigh-quality,inexpensivegraphicslayouts.Itwouldnotmakeasmuchsenseforyoutobecomeanexperton,say,thevarioustypesofmonitorsusedtodisplaythegraphicslayouts,becausesuchmonitorsarecontinuallychanging.TextC:ToBeaWinnerintheInformationRevolution01Expecttotakeclassesduringyourworkinglifetokeepupwithdevelopmentsinyourfield.Someprofessionsrequiremorekeepingupthanothers,acomputerspecialist,forexample,comparedtoahumanresourcesmanager.Whateverthetrainingrequired,alwayslookforwaystoadaptandimproveyourskillstobecomemoreproductiveandmarketable.Theremaybetimeswhenyouaretemptedtostartalloveragainandlearncompletelynewskills.However,abettercourseofactionmaybetouseemergingtechnologytoimproveyourpresentbaseofskills.Thiswayyouaretemptedtostartalloveragainandlearncompletelynewkills.However,abettercourseofactionmaybetouseemergingtechnologytoimproveyourpresentbaseofskills.Thiswayyoucanbuildonyourcurrentstrongpointsandthenbranchouttootherfieldsfromapositionofstrength.LookforInnovativeOpportunitiesYoumayunderstandyourjobbetterthananyone—evenifyou’veonlybeenthereafewmonths.Lookforwaystomakeitmoreefficient.Howcanpresentproceduresbeautomated?Howcannewtechnologymakeyourtaskseasier?Discussyourideaswithyoursupervisor,thetrainingdirector,ortheheadoftheinformationsystemsdepartment.Ordiscussthemwithsomeoneelsewhocanseethatyougettherecognitionyoudeserve.(Co-workersmayormaynotbereceptiveandmayormaynottrytotakecreditthemselves.)Agoodapproachistopresentyourideasintermsofsavingmoneyratherthan“improvinginformation”.TextC:ToBeaWinnerintheInformationRevolution01Managersaregenerallymoreimpressedwithideasthatcansavedollarsthanwithideasthatseemlikepotentialbreakthroughsinthequalityofdecisions.Ingeneral,it’sbesttoconcentrateonthebusinessandorganizationalproblemsthatneedsolving.Thenlookforatechnologicalwayofsolvingthem.Thatis,avoidbecomingtooenthusiasticaboutaparticulartechnologyandthentryingtomakeitfittheworksituation.ExercisesAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.Whatcanwedotomaintainourcomputercompetence?2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“jackofalltrades,masterofnone”?3.Whyshouldn’twemakeourspecialtytootiedtotechnology?4.Whatcanwedotodevelopspecialties?5.Whyshouldwelookforinnovativeopportunities?Dialogue:ITWorkingExperienceSection

2ReadingTextA:ShapingtheInternetAgeTextB:BuildinganITCareerintheMidstofChangeTextC:ToBeaWinnerintheInformationRevolutionOccupationalTips:TheFirstJobInterviewClassActivities:AnITInterviewCONTENTSSection

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4OccupationalTips:TheFirstJobInterview01Directions:Read“thefirstjobinterviewtips”anddotheexercises.Eventhoughyou’reprobablygoingtobereallynervouswhenyougoonyourfirstjobinterview,thekeytoasuccessfulfirstinterviewistopreparefortheinterview,practiceinterviewing,dressappropriatelyandtrytostaycalm.Remember,yourinterviewerismostlikelyusedtointerviewingfirsttimejobseekers.Plus,everyonehasafirstinterviewintheirworkhistory.Afterinterviewingthefirsttime,itwillgetmucheasier.TheFirstJobInterviewTipsHerearefirstjobinterviewtipstomakeyourinterviewasuccess.OccupationalTips:TheFirstJobInterview01BeforeYourFirstJobInterviewResearchtheCompany.Takesometimetoresearchthecompanysoyouarefamiliarwithhowtheyoperate.Thereisalotofcompanyinformationavailableonline.LearnAbouttheJob.Learnaboutthejobyouarelookingtoget.Askyourself,“WhyamIthebestpersonforthejob?”Doyouknowsomeoneelsewhoworksatthecompany?Askthemaboutthejob,theinterviewprocess,andthecompany.WatchaJobInterviewVideo.Watchinterviewvideosthatoffertipstoreallybeprepared.PracticeInterviewing.Reviewtypicalinterviewquestionsandanswersandpracticeyourresponsesbeforeyougo.Askafamilymemberorfriendtoaskyousomequestions,soyoucanpracticeyouranswers.DressAppropriately.Choosesimpleandappropriateattireforthepositionyouareinterviewingfor.Ifyou’renotsurewhattowear,askanadultfamilymember,teacher,orguidancecounselor.Takealookatwhatyoushouldn’tweartoafirstjobinterview,aswell.OccupationalTips:TheFirstJobInterview01WriteaResume.Aresumewillmakeagoodimpressionontheinterviewer.Bringacopyofyourresume,ifyouhaveone,andapenandpaperreadytotakealongfornotes.Here’showtowriteyourfirstresume.GetDirectionsandaRide.Ifyouneedaridetotheinterview,lineitupaheadoftime.Makesureyouknowwhereyouaregoingfortheinterviewsothatyoudonotgetlostandareontime.DuringYourFirstJobInterviewDuringYourFirstJobInterviewTrytostaycool,calm,andcollected.Stayingascalmaspossiblewillhelpyoufocusontheinterviewer.Ifyoufeelflustered,pauseandtakeafewdeepbreathestogatheryourthoughts.Beconfidentinyourskillsandabilitieswhenyouaretalkingtotheinterviewer.Rememberthisisafirstjobandyouaren’texpectedtohavealotofexperience.Trytoincorporatewhatyouknowaboutthecompanylookingtohireyou.AfterYourFirstJobInterviewSendathank-younoteimmediatelyaftertheinterview.Remindthemabouthowinterestedyouareinthepositiontheyarelookingtofill.Sendanotetoeachpersonthatinterviewedyou.OccupationalTips:TheFirstJobInterview01Behonest.Ifyouhavesportsorotheractivitiesthatmayconflictwithyourworkschedule,t