人教版（2019）必修第二册 Unit4History and Traditions语言点复习讲义素材

必修二UNIT4languagepoint☆☆☆本单元重点语言点：☆词汇：chief,defence,surround,evidence,achievement,location(locate),battle,charge,announce,amount,approach,ensure,generous,position,eager,dot,roar,greet,custom,striking,crowd☆短语：breakawayfrom...,belongto...,aswellas...,keepyoureyesopen(for)☆变形：philosophy(philosophical),individual(individually),puzzle(puzzled,puzzling),fascinate(fascination,fascinating),sense(sensory),transition(transitional)【教材】Whataretwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountry?1.chief[tʃiːf]:adj.最重要的;最高级别的(main/major)thechiefengineer/architect总工程师/建筑师thechiefproblem/reason主要问题/原因(理由)CEO=ChiefExecutiveOfficer首席执行官；总裁CFO=ChiefFinancialOfficer财务总监n.(公司或机构的)首领;酋长(复数:chiefs)army/industry/policechiefs部队首长；行业巨擘；警察局长【辨形】chefn.厨师，主厨（pl.chefs)【教材】Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.2.defencen.防御,保卫[C/U]Shesteppedbackappearing(appear)surprisedandputupherhands,asif_it_defence.*indefence(of...)为了保卫(···)e.g.Theygavetheirlivesindefenceoffreedom.*inone'sdefence为···辩护*cometoone'sdefence保护某人【语填】Thehighwallwasbuiltasadefence_against_intruders.defendvt./vi.保护,保卫*defend(…)against/from…保护/保卫…免受【翻译】他们的职责就是保卫国家不受敌人侵害。Theirdutyistodefendtheircountryagainstenemy.vt.辩护 defendsb./one’sviews反义：offendvt./vi.冒犯,进攻 offensiveadj.冒犯的【教材】AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory?3.surroundvt.围绕；包围(1)surround...with...用……包围/围绕…… besurroundedby/with...被……包围(2)surroundingadj.周围的 surroundingsn.环境；周围的事物[佳句]Thehungrybearfollowedhisnosetoourcamp,whichwassurroundedbyahighwirefence.[2020·浙江卷读后续写]饥饿的熊循着气味来到我们的营地,它被很高的电线栅栏围着。[指津]①surroundings常用复数形式,表示周围的具体的物质环境；②environment是集体名词,常用单数形式,表示对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。[练透]——单句语法填空Surroundingyourself__with____peoplewho'llprovideyouwithsupportcanbeverybeneficial.②[2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空]Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds_surrounding__(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinmorecomfortableandbeautiful_surroundings_(surround).[写美]——应用文之场景描写绿树掩映,这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。[2020·全国Ⅱ,书面表达]Surroundedbygreentrees,thefarm_islocatedat_thefootofthehillnearourschool.Thereisasmallriverflowingthroughthefarm.4.evidencen.[U]证据*Thereissome/noevidencethat...有/没有证据表明......*inevidence显眼；显而易见evidentadj.明显的，明白的*Itisevident(tosb.)that…（对某人来说）显然···evidentlyadv.显然地联想：clear,obvious,apparent【语填】(1)There’ssomeevidencethatoutdooractivitiesaregoodforus.(2)Atpresentwehavenoevidence(evident)oflifeonotherplanets.(3)Povertyismuchinevidenceinthecityslums.(4)Itisevidentthathishousewascompletelydestroyedintheearthquake.【翻译】Hisfootprintswereclearlyevidentintheheavydust.他的脚印在厚厚的灰尘中清晰可见。Theorchestraplayedwithevidentenjoyment.*withevidentenjoyment兴致勃勃【教材】Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.5.achievement[ə'tʃi:vmənt]n.[C]成就；成绩；达到(1)asenseofachievement成就感(2)achievevt.完成；达到;vi.成功achieveone’ssuccess获得成功achieveone’sgoal达到目标(1)Thatsurelygaveheragreat_senseofachievement_.那无疑给了她很大的成就感。(2)Ittakeshardworktoachievethefinalsuccess.要取得最终的成功需要努力。(3)Shehopedtoachievehergoaltobecomeanexcellentdirector.她希望实现自己的目标，成为一名优秀导演。【教材】TheVikingscameintheeighthcenturyandleftbehindlotsofnewvocabulary,aswellasthenamesofmanylocationsacrosstheUK.6.location[ləʊˈkeɪʃn]n.地方；地点；位置(1)locatevt.坐落于；位于；定位，找出……的位置locatesb./sth. 寻找某人某物locateBerlinonthemape.g.Sheturnedaroundafterhearingherfatherscreambutcouldn'tlocatehim.(2)locatedadj.处于；位于；坐落在*in/on/to坐落于,位于（in范围之内，on接壤，to有一定距离）*belocatedin=besituatedin=liein位于【语填】_Located_（locate）wheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.Itisasuitable_location_(locate)foranewairport.【翻译】MountHuang_islocatedin_（位于）AnhuiProvince.【教材】TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.7.battle(1)n.[C]&[U]战役；战斗[C]斗争；较量fight/win/loseabattletheBattleofWaterloo滑铁卢战役(2)vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗*battleagainst/with...与……战斗*battlefor...为……而战，为……而奋斗【教材】JudyandIhadourcarparkedinanundergroundcarparknearTrafalgarSquare,wherewecouldgetourcarbatterycharged.8.chargevt.充电chargethebattery给电池充电 abatterycharger电池充电器vt./vi.收费；充电；控告*charge(sb)(sm.)forsth.为某事收(某人的)费用Thehotelchargedme₤10forroomforthenight.*chargesbwithsth.控告某人犯某罪【教材】Whenwefinallyreachedtheservicedesktoaskforaudioguides,wehearditannouncedthattherewerenoaudioguidesleft.9.announcev.*announcesth.tosb.（没有双宾语用法）,~that…(1)官宣，宣称e.g.ThenewswasannouncedtothepubliconTV.(2)（广播）通知e.g.Ourflighthasn'tbeenannouncedyet.(3)(事情)显示…,预告e.g.Warmsunshineannouncesthecomingofspring.announcementn.(C)公告，声明*make/issueanannouncement发表公告【语填】TheGreeksmarchedintoTroy,announcing(announce)theGreekvictory.announcern.（电视/广播）播音员【教材】Shehadacopyofthepaintingboxedtoensurethatitwasdeliveredsafely.10.ensurevt.tomakesomethingcertaintohappen确保，保证【完形】ShetriedtofigureouthowtotrapBettyandregardedBettyasherenemy,insteadofensuringherselftoseewhatherrealgoalwasinlife.【观察】Victoryensuredthemaplaceinthefinal.*ensuresb.sth.=ensuresth.forsb.*ensuresth./that...从句【翻译】已采取所有必要措施来确保他们的安全。Allnecessarystepshavebeentakentoensuretheirsafety.我们应该想尽一切办法确保自己不受一切可能的危险。Weshouldtryallmeanstoensureourselvesfromallpossiblerisks.*ensure...from/against确保...不受...伤【教材】WefoundourselvesverysurprisedbythelargenumberofvisitorsandtheamountofnoiseattheentranceoftheNationalGallery.11.amountn.数量;总额,总数*anamountof+[U]/pl.+单数v.大量的e.g.Alargeamountofmoneywasfoundintheoldhouse.=Largeamountsofmoneywerefoundintheoldhouse.*amountsof+[U]/pl.+复数v.大量的*inlarge/smallamounts大/少量的区分：theamountof+[U],thenumberof+[C]···的数量【观察】Consumerspendingonsportsitemsamountedto1billiondollars.*amountto...(1)合计=adduptoDreamingwithouthardworkwillneveramounttoanything.(2)相当于=equalvi.总计,合计;相当于只修饰不可数名词词汇荟萃：agreatdealof,agreatamountof(largeamountsof);much【教材】Itwashardtoapproachthepaintingasthereweresomanypeoplearound.12.approach(1)v.接近,靠近n.接近；方法；途径(1)adoptanapproachto... 采用……的方法/途径*withtheapproachof...随着···临近=withsth./sb.approaching...【对比】Thechildrenfellsilentattheapproachoftheirteacher.(2)approachsb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物sth./sb.beapproaching正在/将要接近【观察1】(18全国I)Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.(3)approachtheproblem着手处理问题=sortout...=dealwith...=resolve...=solve=handle【观察2】We'vejustapproachedthebankfor/aboutaloan.(4)approachsb.about/forsth.就/为某事与某人接洽[练透]——单句语法填空/猜测词义①Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferentapproaches_to_thestudyofmathematics.②Wewillbeexploringdifferentapproachesto_gathering_(gather)information.③Alltheapproachestotheairportwerecutoffbecauseoftheheavysnow.__通道__[写美]——一句多译此外,随着高考的临近,我们都在忙着为高考做充分的准备。[2020·浙江卷7月书面表达]④What'smore,with_theCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaching/drawingnear/aroundthecorner,_wearebusymakingfullpreparationsforit.⑤Besides,_astheCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaches/drawsnear/isaroundthecorner,_wearebusymakingfullpreparationsforit.(as引导状语从句)【翻译】简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。Janegottoherfeetshakily,approachedherhusband,andthrewherselfintohisarms,sobbinguncontrollablyonhisshoulder.“(做)……的方法”的正确搭配：①theapproachto(doing)sth.②thewaytodo/of(doing)sth.③themeansof(doing)sth.④themethodof(doing)sth.【教材】Carlandhisfriendsstayedwithagenerousfamilywhoofferedthembreadwithbutterandhoneythatwashomemade.13.generous['dʒenərəs]adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的e.g.generoussupport/offere.g.Thecarhasa~amountofspace.*begeneroustosb.对某人慷慨*begenerouswithsth.在某方面大方*It'sgenerousofsb.todosth.某人做某事很慷慨【语填】Peoplepresentwereimpressedbyhis_generosity_(generous).【扩展】}n.generosityn.慷慨，大方；宽容或慷慨的行为；丰富adv.generouslyadv.慷慨地；不吝啬地；丰富地；丰盛地【翻译】没有您的慷慨和鼓舞，我不可能取得如此惊人的进步。Withoutyourgenerosityandinspiration,Icouldnothavemadesuchstrikingprogress.【教材】Theywatchedoverthelakewiththeircamerasandbinoculars,whichwerepositionedonthehill.14.positionvt.toputsomethingorsomeoneinaparticularplace安置；把……放在适当位置e.g.positionthevasecarefullyonthetable【完形】Afterclimbingupahillforafullviewofthebluesea,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakeaphoto.[21·全国甲卷]Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.【练习】判断以下句子中position的含义。(1)I'mwritingtoapplyforthepositioninyourcompany.(2)Hecanidentifyeachcharacter'ssocialpositionbytheirbehaviourandlanguage.n.位置，职位；姿态e.g.sitting/standing/lyingposition坐姿/站姿/卧姿【语填】Theyarenowinabetterposition_where_theycanbeverysuccessfulthisyear.posiitonn.处境，状况【注意】定从中常用where引导的抽象名词作先行词的有：situation,condition,position,case,state,stage,point*前提是：该名词在定从中作地点状语。【教材】Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday:...15.breakaway(from...)挣脱,脱离···【翻译】①现在许多农民都想离开农村到城里谋生。Nowadaysmanyfarmerswanttobreakawayfromtherurallifeandmakealivingincities.②你应该改掉这个坏习惯。Youshouldbreakawayfromthebadhabit.form/developahabit养成习惯get/fallintoabadhabit沾染坏习惯【拓展】出故障,情绪崩溃,垮掉,（使）分解breakdown强行闯入,插话breakin(~intosth.) 折断,中止 breakoff（战争,疾病,灾难）爆发breakout 拆开;解散;结束;关系破裂breakup突破,克服,战胜breakthrough【教材】ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKindomworktogetherinsomeareas.belongto属于(无被动语态及进行时态)类似用法还包括：datebackto/datefrom(追溯到)、consistof(包括)e.g.Thefuturebelongstothewell-educated.e.g.Successonlybelongstothehard-workingpeople.【语填】Aculturalrelicisatreasure_belonging_(belong)toallpeopleratherthananyindividual.【拓展】belongingsn.财物personalbelongings个人财物asenseofbelonging归属感e.g.Thechairbelongsintheotherroom.*belong+prep.+n.应在某处【翻译】这本书应在何处？Wheredoesthebookbelong?【语填】Doyouknow_whom_thebookbelongsto?Putthebook_where_itbelongs.【教材】TheVikingscameintheeighthcenturyandleftbehindlotsofvocabulary,aswellasthenamesofmanylocationsacrosstheUK.17.AaswellasB谓语单复数看AJimisgoingtoChinathissummer,andhisparentsaswell.=Jimaswellashisparents_is_(be)goingtoChinathissummer.=BothJimandhisparents_are_(be)goingtoChinathissummer.=NotonlyJimbutalsohisparents_are_(be)goingtoChinathissummer.【观察】①Thegirlislivelyaswellashealthy.②Hewantsapenaswellasapencil.③AswellasinCanada,theweatherchangesfromseasontoseasoninChina.*aswellas通常连接两个对等的成分，即之前之后成分应同为主语、宾语、表语等。*aswellas还可以表示“和…一样好”，well可以是形容词，也可以是副词【观察与对比】Iamalsoastudent.=Iamastudents,too.Lucydidn'tgototheparty,either.TonyspeaksJapaneseaswell.aswell用在肯定句中，放在句子末尾too肯定句中用,放在句子末尾，常用逗号隔开either 否定句中用，放句子末尾，常用逗号隔开also放在特殊动词之后，实义动词之前【教材】Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.18.keepone'seyesopenfor...留心，留意【拓展】(1)keepaneyeon...照看，照管，留心注意【翻译】我们已请邻居们在我们外出时替我们照看一下房子。(续写)Wehaveaskedtheneighbourstokeepaneyeonthehouseforuswhileweareaway.(2)haveaneyefor...对...有判断力/鉴赏力【翻译】一个好的艺术家必须对色彩有鉴赏力。(续写)Agoodartistmusthaveaneyeforcolour.(3)catchone'seye吸引某人的注意【“eye”相关表达】one'seyesarewidewithhorror某人惊恐地瞪大了眼睛one'seyesshinewithexcitement某人眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒one'seyesarefilledwithtears某人的眼里充满泪水one'seyesfallonsomeplace某人的目光落在...lookatsbstraightintheeye直视某人的眼睛one'seyesarefixedon......某人的目光紧盯着...one'seyesscan...某人的眼睛扫视...one'seyesdroppedto...某人垂下眼睛看着...【教材】Iwaseagertosee/learn/hearthat...19.eageradj.渴望的，热切的*beeagerforsth.渴求某事物*beeagertodo…渴望做···*beeagerin…热衷于e.g.Sheiseagerforknowledgeandeagertomakeprogress,sosheiseagerinherstudies.【观察】Sheiseagertogotocollege,butanxiousaboutnotpassingtheentranceexaminations.*beanxiousabout…对···感到焦虑*beanxiousfor...渴望得到···eagerlyadv.热切地eagernessn.[U]渴望one’seagernesstodo…做···的渴望【拓展】“渴望”的说法*beeager/thirsty/hungry/anxious/desperateforsth./todosth.*desiretodosth.,haveastrongdesireforsth.,*long/starvetodo/forsth.【教材】Onaquietmorninginthemountains,feelthesunonyourskin,andbreatheinthesweetscentoffreshflowerswhilebirdsgreetthenewdaywiththeirmorningsong.20.greetvt./vi.迎接，问候，打招呼，对···作出反应*以···迎接/问候/打招呼···greet...with...【翻译】这位女演员露出迷人的微笑问候粉丝们。Theactressgreetedherfanswithhercharmingsmile.演讲受到了热烈欢呼。Thespeechwasgreetedwithloudcheers.【翻译】Beautifulsunshinegreetedusaswesteppedofftheplane.当我们走下飞机时，绚丽的阳光映入眼帘。greetvt.(景象，声音或气味)映入眼帘;传入耳(鼻)中【翻译】走在校园中，迎面而来的是鸟儿的歌唱和清新的空气。Walkinginthecampus,wearegreetedwithbirdsongandfreshair.【教材】ThepeacefullandscapeoftheEmeraldIsleanditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes,withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.21.rollvt./vi.滚动，卷vi.(使)翻滚;(使)滚动e.g.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滚石不生苔。e.g.Dogs

takemuchpleasureinrollingandrubbingtheirnecksandbackswiththeirpaws.e.g.Surrroundedbymanystudentsafterclass,he/sheansweredeachquestionpatiently,withsweatsrollingdownhis/hercheeks.e.g.Tearsrollinginhiseyes,hesharedgoodnewswithWill.e.g.Theelderlywomanenteredthestore,alongwithherdaughter,whowasdisplayingaseriouscaseofimpatience,rollinghereyes,sighingandcheckingherwatcheveryfewseconds.e.g.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumansare.(21全国I)rollone’seyes翻白眼【拓展】rollupyoursleeves跃跃欲试【观察1】Thecomedianhadtheaudiencerollingintheaisles.*berollingintheaisles笑得前仰后合=grin/smilefromeartoear【观察2】ThenewmodelistoberolledoutinJuly.*rollsth.out公开发布/行/售【教材】ThepeacefullandscapeoftheEmeraldIsleanditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes,withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.22.dotn.点;小(圆)点vt.加点e.g.Thehelicoptersappearedastwoblackdotsonthehorizon.e.g.Smallvillagesdotthecountryside.*bedottedwith...点缀着e.g.Thecountrysidewasdottedwithsmallvillages.e.g.Dottedwithglitteringstars,thesky,themidnightblue,gavethesceneafairytalequality.【教材】Anddownbythesea,theroaroftheoceanwavesandcriesoftheseabirdsmakeupthemusicofthecoast.22.roar/rɔ:(r)/vi.&n.吼叫;咆哮e.g.Weheardalionroar.*roar(out)one’sapproval大声叫好*roarwithlaughter开怀大笑*roaraway呼啸而去e.g.Shesteppedonthegasandthecarroaredaway.*aroarofapplause一阵掌声e.g.Hisspeechwasgreetedbyaroarofapplause.【教材】WhatarethebestwaystoexperienceChinesetraditionsandcustoms?23.custom[ˈkʌstəm]n.风俗；习惯；习俗alocalcustom当地的风俗习惯(1)It’sthecustom/traditional(forsb.)todosth.（对某人来说）做某事是一种习俗e.g.It’sthecustom/traditionalforChinesetowatchlanterns/fireworks,guesslanternriddlesandeatYuanxiao.【联想】Itistypicalofsb.todosth.某人做某事是经常的；某人一贯好做某事[介绍习俗]Traditionally/Typically/Bytradition,we(Chinese)will…=ItistypicalofChinesetodo...(2)customsn.海关；关税acustomsofficer海关官员customern.顾客;主顾custom-按顾客要求···的 custom-madeadj.定制的custom-designedadj.[计]专门设计的，定做的customizevt.定制，定做，改制=tailorvt.【教材】astrikingimagestrike,struck,struck24.striking[ˈstraɪkɪŋ]:adj.引人注目的;显著的e.g.Hereyesarehermoststrikingfeature.*cutastrikingfigureonthecourse在球场上崭露头角【观察】Strikewhiletheironishot.击打 *strikesb.on/in+身体部位Hewasstruckbyaheartattack. *bestruckby+疾病/灾害Thewindstruckachillintoherbones.使穿透，使刺透Iamstillstruckbythebeautyofthecountryside.使喜爱，使处于特定状态*Itstruck/hit/occurredtosb.that…使突然想起 *strikesb.assth.给（某人以···）印象；让（某人）觉得【观察】Thechurchclockjuststrucktwelve.敲钟*strike/makeabalance取得平衡*strikeabargain/deal/compromise达成协议/妥协*strikeamatch划火柴*strike…intoone'sheart使···刻骨铭心n.罢工；袭击*go/beonstrikeforsth.【教材】Davecouldnotfindaseatintheroom