American-System-of-Government-美国政府结构

AmericanSystemofGovernmentAmericanSystemofGovernmentTheLegislature(立法部门〕TheExecutive〔行政部门〕TheJudiciary〔司法部门〕TheLegislature(立法部门〕

Congress〔国会〕theSenate(参议院〕theHouseofRepresentatives〔众议院〕Congressisthelegislativebranchofthefederalgovernment.TheSenate〔参议院〕TheSenatehas100votingmembers,twofromeachofthe50states.Requirements:

1.ASenatormustbeover30yearsold.2.Aresident(居民)inthestatewhichtheyrepresent.3.ASenatormusthavebeenaU.S.citizenforatleastnineyears.TheHouseofRepresentatives〔众议院〕Ithas435votingmembersplusanon-votingrepresentativefromPuertoRico(波多黎各〕，Guma(关岛)andtheDistrictofColumbiarespectively.Requirements:1.Mustbeatleast25yearsold.2.MusthavebeenU.S.citizensfornolessthansevenyears.TheExecutive〔行政部门〕Theexecutivebranchconsistsof14departmentsandmanyindependentagencies.1.Thedepartmentheadscalled:secretaries(秘书处〕.2.Whoisthechiefoftheexecutivebranch?Key:thePresidentThePresidentThePresidentreallyhasenormouspower.1.ThePresidenthaspowertomanagenationalaffairsandtheworkingoffederalgovernment.2.ThePresidentcontrolsAmericanforeignpolicy.Q:WhoistheofficialspokespersonforU.S.foreignpolicy?Key:theSecretaryofState〔国务卿〕3.ThePresidentalsoholdssignificantinfluenceinlaw-making.4.ThePresidentcanalsoinfluencethedecisionoffederalcourts.Question:ArethePresident’spowersunlimited?Answer:NOHemustaskCongressforeverydollarhisadministrationspends.HehastoreporttoCongressonhismilitary(军事的〕actionsabroadforapproval.Hisnominationof(提名、任选)officialsandhisforeigntreatiesmustbeconfirmedbytheSenate.Ifheabuseshispowerorcommitsacrime,hemaybeimpeached(弹劾〕byCongress.TheJudiciary〔司法部门〕

Thejudiciarybranchofthefederalgovernmentconsistsof:

1.Aseriesofcourts2.TheSupremeCourt3.Thecourtsofappeals4.Thedistrictcourts.TheSupremeCourt〔最高法院〕ItnowhasoneChiefJusticeandeightAssociate〔副的〕Justices.ThemajorpowersoftheSupremeCourtareasfollow:Tointerpretlaws.Tohearappealsfromanyfederalcourtscases.TohearappealsfromstatecourtcasesthatinvolvetheConstitutionornationallaws