新教材高中北师大版英语选择性必修1学案Unit3PartⅥ单元语法专题限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

PartⅥ单元语法专题——限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句定语从句体系构建图语法精讲限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句在复合句中用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一名词或代词而起定语作用的从句叫定语从句；定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。按照关系词在定语从句中所作的成分，可将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的密切程度，定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。一、定语从句的关系词1．关系词在定语从句中的作用：①连接主句和从句；②指代先行词；③在从句中充当一定的句子成分。2．关系词的分类：①关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；②关系副词when,where,why等。3．引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有which,who,whom,whose,as；关系副词有where,when。[即学即练1]单句语法填空①Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.②Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you'llfindprobablyasolution________suitseveryone.③Wehaveenteredintoanage________dreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.④Byopeninganovel,Icanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulandmysteriousworld________Iamnowanewcharacter.⑤Thereareseveralreasons________schooluniformsareagoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.⑥Dr.Rowan,________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1．作用不同限制性定语从句用于修饰先行词，具有限制作用，使先行词的含义更具体、更明确，因此不可缺少，否则主句的意思就不完整或将失去意义。非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作附加或补充性的说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整、清楚。❶Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciseregularlylivelonger.经常进行体育锻炼的人更长寿。(若把定语从句去掉，句子意义不完整)(限制性定语从句)❷Hisdaughter,whoisinShenzhennow,isinghomenextweek.他女儿现在在深圳，下星期回家。(若把定语从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整)(非限制性定语从句)[即学即练2]单句语法填空①Later,heworkedinAfrica,________manypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlackofpropertreatment.②Understandinghergoodintentions,Ieatallthefood________isprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.2．形式不同限制性定语从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号和主句隔开。❶Thebookthat/whichyouborrowedlastweekisreallymoving.上周你借的那本书真令人感动。❷Thisisanimportantpresent,whichIreceivedyesterday.这是一件重要的礼物，我是昨天收到它的。3．先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个主句或其中一部分。❶ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.这是我看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是thebestnovel)❷Hechangedhismind，whichmademeveryangry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(非限制性定语从句，which指整个主句)[即学即练3]单句语法填空①Youcanbetheone________directstheconversationtofuntopicsthatareripeforotherstoaddhumor.②Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,________helpsthemkeepfit.③Mr.Smithownedthisoilpaintinguntiltheearly1990s,________hegaveittohisgrandson.4．关系词的使用情况不同(1)that，why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，而要用which代替that,forwhich代替why。❶他通过了考试，这使他的老师感到欣慰。【误】Hepassedtheexam,thatmadehisteacherrelieved.【正】Hepassedtheexam,whichmadehisteacherrelieved.❷Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn'tattendtheparty.我已经告诉他们我没参加聚会的原因了。(2)关系代词替代情况不同①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who/that代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who/that代替。❶Thisistheman(whom/who/that)wearetalkingabout.这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)❷Theyoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtoimpress.那个年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的好印象。(非限制性定语从句)②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词可用who，that或whom；但在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。她有一个弟弟，是一名医生。【误】Shehasayoungerbrother，thatisadoctor.【正】Shehasayoungerbrother,whoisadoctor.[即学即练4]单句语法填空①WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobeethestaronourfootballteam.ThatmeantbeatingoutMillerKing,________wasthebestplayeratourschool.②Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,________Ihadn'tseenforyears.(3)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句中的所有关系代词均不可省略。❶Thisisagoodfilm(which/that)Isawafewdaysago.这是我几天前看过的一部好电影。(限制性定语从句)❷Thesummerholiday,whichwehavebeenlookingforwardto,isdrawingnear.我们一直盼望着的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)5．翻译顺序不同含限制性定语从句的句子先译从句，后译先行词，即将从句放在先行词前译；而非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译先行词，后译从句，形成两个并列分句。❶Lucyhasanelderbrotherwhoworksinahospital.露西有一个在医院工作的哥哥。(限制性定语从句)❷Lucyhasanelderbrother,whoworksinahospital.露西有一个哥哥，他在医院工作。(非限制性定语从句)语法专练Ⅰ.单句语法填空(定语从句)1．Ishetheman________wantstoseeyou?2．Theyrushedovertohelptheman________carhadbrokendown.3．Thepackage________youarecarryingisabouttoeunwrapped.4．Finally,thethiefhandedeverything________hehadstolentothepolice.5．Heistheveryman________helpedthegirloutofthewater.6．Hetalkedabouttheteachersandtheschool________hevisited.7．Wedon'tknowthereason________hedidn'tshowup.8．Thereesatime________youhavetomakeachoice.9．Thisnovel,________Ihavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.10．________everyoneknows,Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.11．Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof________satasmallboy.12．Therearealotofstudentshere,noneof________likethefilm.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,________allowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.2．Furtherup,theweatherchanges—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,________arecoveredwiththickgrass.3．IhaveagoodmandofEnglishandChinese,________isbeneficialforintroducingChinesepaintings.4．I'mLiHua,anoutgoingboy,________isstudyinginLondon.5．NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.6．Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.7．“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology，”saidLaurieDemerit,________panyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.8．Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,among________Isoonfoundmyself.9．Therewasatime________peoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.10．WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach,thereareobviouslymanyothersituations________canarise.Ⅲ.单句写作1．昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．我有一本封面是红色的故事书。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．她永远忘不了她结婚的那一天。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．那就是我迟到的原因。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．我有两个姐妹，她们都是老师。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．众所周知，吸烟有害健康。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartⅥ单元语法专题——限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句语法精讲[即学即练1]①who/that句意：它们被它们的主人训练得很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰theirmasters，先行词指人，且从句中缺少主语。故填关系代词who/that。②which/that分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词asolution，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which/that。③when句意：我们进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词anage，且空处在定语从句中充当时间状语，故用关系副词when。④where分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词world，且空处在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。⑤why分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词severalreasons，且空处在从句中作原因状语，故用关系副词why。⑥whose分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，secretary与Dr.Rowan之间为所属关系，故填whose。[即学即练2]①where句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句句子结构完整，故用关系副词，先行词为Africa，表示地点，故此处用where。②that分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词为thefood，且被all修饰，故定语从句要用that引导。[即学即练3]①who分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词one，先行词指人，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who。②which句意：她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的“Sheandherfamilybicycletowork”这件事，且空处在从句中作主语，故填which。③when句意：史密斯先生拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它给了他的孙子。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为th