新教材高中英语人教版学案UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSSectionⅢListeningandTalkingReadingforWriting

SectionⅢListeningandTalking，ReadingforWritingⅠ.重点单词1．eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption2．supplyn.[pl.]补给品；供应(量)；补给vt.供应；供给→suppliern．供应商3．powern．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerfuladj.强大的；猛烈的；有势力的4．tapvi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲5．pipen．管子；管道6．whistlevi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.吹口哨n．哨子(声)；呼啸声7．emergencyn．突发事件；紧急情况8．calmadj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静→calmlyadv.镇静地；沉着地9．aidn．援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt10．kitn．成套工具；成套设备11．crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞击12．sweepvt.&v13．waven．海浪；波浪vi.&vt.挥手；招手14．strikevt.&vi.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打n．罢工；罢课；袭击→striker15．delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→delivery16．summaryn．总结；概括；概要17．effectn．影响；结果；效果→effectiveadj.有效的；实际的18．lengthn．长；长度→longadj.长的；长久的Ⅱ.重点短语1．wakeup唤醒；叫醒2．putup搭起；张贴3．intheopenair露天；在户外4．onhand现有(尤指帮助)5．morethan超过；多于6．sweepaway消灭；彻底消除7．standat达到特定水平(或数量、高度等)8．asmanyas多达；……之多9．payattentionto注意10．carryout执行；实施Ⅲ.重点句型1．Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday，killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，andatleastfourothercountries.昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸袭击了亚洲的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少四个其他国家6500多人死亡。2．Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0.渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被这场达到9.0级的强震引发的巨浪卷走了。3．Indianofficialssaidas_many_as1,900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.印度官员说，南部沿海地区有多达1900人遇难。4．Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.我正和我的三个孩子吃早饭，突然海水冲入了我家。5．However，dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.然而，危险的状况和被损坏的道路将使得运送食品和供应品变得困难。1eq\a\vs4\al(eruptvi.&vt.火山爆发；岩浆，烟等喷出)[典型例句]He'slikeavolcanojustwaitingtoerupt.他像一座将要爆发的火山。Violenceeruptedafterthefootballmatch.足球赛后突然发生了暴力事件。[思维拓展]eruptionn．爆发；喷出eruptinto突然发出(尤其指叫喊)Thelittlegirleruptedintocry.那个女孩突然大哭起来。[即学即练]Justassoonasthevolcanoerupted(erupt)，thepolicemenaskedthelocalvillagerstorunawayfromtheirhometown.eq\o(\s\up7(2),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(supplyn.[pl.]补给品；供应量；补给vt.供应；供给)[典型例句]Thevillagetribeisfriendlyandtheysharetheirwatersupplywithyou.村里的部落很友善，他们会和你一起分享水源。Wewillsupplyyouwiththecropyourequire.我们会向你们提供所需的农作物。Thesupplyisinadequatetomeetthedemand.供不应求。Hesuppliedthepolicewiththenamesofthoseinvolvedinthecrime.他向警察提供了涉案人员的名字。[思维拓展]thewatersupply水资源供应agoodsupplyof/suppliesof大量；备有许多……inshortsupply供应不足；短缺supplyanddemand供求关系supplysb.withsth./supplysth.tosb.供应某人某物medicalsupplies医疗用品supplyaneed/demand满足需要[误区警示]表示“提供”的词：supply，provide，offer和servesupplysb.withsth.＝supplysth.to/forsb.向某人供应某物providesth.forsb.＝providesb.withsth.向某人供应某物offersb.sth.＝offersth.tosb.向某人提供某物servesb.withsth.＝servesth.tosb.拿某物招待某人注意：当“供应品；生活用品；补给品”等，常用复数itarysupplies军需品householdsupplies家庭用品medicalsupplies医用品[即学即练]Hesupplieduswithfreshvegetables.3eq\a\vs4\al(powern.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力)[典型例句]Thepowerofthegovernmentshasincreasedgreatlyoverthepastcentury.近一个世纪以来，政府的权力大大增强了。Heturnedonthepowerandthemachineworked.他打开电源，机器就工作了。Itwasastormthatcutoffpowertothewholeregion.一场暴雨切断了整个地区的电力供应。[易混辨析]power，strength，force这三个名词都有“力量”的意思，但使用范围不完全相同。power“力量”，含义最广，指政治力量或能力；strength指某人或某物所具有的内在力量，可指体力、力气；force也可指物质或精神力量。多指为做成某事而使用的力量，也可指武力。Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。Theboygatheredhisstrengthtogetup.那个男孩聚集力量站了起来。Thereleaseofhostagescouldnotbeachievedwithouttheuseofforce.不使用武力不可能解救人质。[思维拓展]powerfuladj.有力量的；有权力的powerlessadj.无力的；无权力的inpower执政中etopower当权；上台[即学即练]Therewerepeoplewhodidn'twanthimtoetopower，andhissupportersweremovinghimeverynighttodifferentsafeplaces.eq\o(\s\up7(4),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(tapvi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲)[典型例句]Theteachertappedtheboyontheshoulder.老师轻轻地拍了拍小男孩的肩膀。ThetoothhurtswhenItapit.我轻敲时牙齿会痛。Therewasataponthewindow.有人在轻叩窗户。Don'tleavethetaprunning.别让水龙头开着。[即学即练]SuddenlyIfeltsomeonetapping(tap)meontheshoulder.5eq\a\vs4\al(calmadj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静)[典型例句]Itookadeepbreathtocalmmyselfdown.我深吸一口气使自己平静下来。Afterthestorm,itbecamecalmagain.暴风雨过后，天气又恢复了平静。[思维拓展]calm(...)down(使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来keep/stay/becalm保持镇静[易混辨析]calm，silent,quiet,stillcalm“平静的；沉着的”，指无风浪或人的心情不激动。silent“寂静的；沉默的；不出声的”，指没有声音或不讲话。quiet“宁静的；安静的”，指无声、不吵闹或心里无烦恼。still“静止的；不动的”，指没有动作或运动的状态。Whenfacingdanger,oneshouldkeepcalm;whentakenphotosof,oneshouldkeepstill;whensomeoneelseisasleep,oneshouldkeepquiet;inclass,oneshouldn'tkeepsilentabouttheteacher'squestions.一个人面对危险时，应该保持镇静；照相时，应该保持不动；他人睡觉时，应保持安静；在课堂上，对老师的问题不应保持沉默。[即学即练]用calm，quiet，still或silent填空(1)PleasekeepstillwhileItakephotosofyou.(2)Keepsilentaboutthematter.(3)Dokeepcalmintimeofdanger.(4)Pleasekeepquietwhenyouarelisteningtoyourteachers.eq\o(\s\up7(6),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(aidn.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt.formal帮助；援助)[典型例句]Iaidedhimwithmoney.我资助了他。Agooddictionarycanaidlanguagelearning.一部好词典有助于学习语言。AidtotheThirdWorldisatpresentlittlemorethanadropintheocean.目前对第三世界的救助不过是杯水车薪。[思维拓展]firstaid急救give/do/offerfirstaidtosb.对某人进行急救withtheaid/helpof...在……的帮助下gotoone'said/help前去帮助某人aidsb.withsth.帮助某人某事aidsb.in(doing)sth.帮助某人做某事aidsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事[即学即练]Theyaidedthepoorcountrywithmoney.7eq\a\vs4\al(crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞击；坠毁n.撞车；碰撞)[典型例句]Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothebackofabus.货车失控撞到了一辆公共汽车的尾部。Shestormedoutoftheroomandcrashedthedoorshutbehindher.她愤怒地冲出房间并随手把门砰的一声关上。Sixpeoplewerekilledyesterdayinthecarcrash.昨天的车祸中6人死亡。[思维拓展]crash(...)into...(把……)与……相撞，撞上……[即学即练]Theplanecrashed(crash)soonaftertake­off.8eq\a\vs4\al(waven.海浪；波浪vi.&vt.挥手；招手)[典型例句]Thethirdwavewassostrongthatitknockedmebackwards.第三次波浪太大了，把我打了回去。Theycametothefrontdoortowavegoodbye.他们来到前门挥手告别。Hegavemeawave.他向我挥手。MymotherwascryingasIwavedgoodbyetoher.当我挥手跟母亲说再见时，她哭了。[思维拓展]radiowaves无线电波givesb.awave向某人挥手waveto/atsb.向某人招手/挥手eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(wavesb.goodbye,wavegoodbyetosb.))挥手告别某人[巧学妙记][即学即练]Amanintheriverwasshoutingandwaving(wave)hisarmsarounddesperately.eq\o(\s\up7(9),\s\do5())strikevt.&vi.struck，struck/stricken侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击[典型例句]Theworkerswerestriking/onstrikebecausetheywantedmoremoney.工人们在罢工，因为他们要求涨工资。Whentheclockstruckfive，thestrikestarted.当钟敲响了五点，罢工开始了。Itstrikesmethatnoneofthemtrustseachother.使我震惊的是他们当中没有一个人信赖对方。Greatdamagehasbeencausedbythetornadowhichstruckthearealastweek.上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了巨大的损失。[思维拓展]bestruckwith(by)为……所侵袭；为……所触动(感动)Itstrikesmethat...我突然意识到……；我的印象是……strikeamatch划火柴strikeon/upon打在……上；撞到……上beonstrike在罢工goonstrike举行罢工strikern．罢工者；前锋；射手[即学即练]Itstruck(strike)methattherewasnooneathome.eq\o(\s\up7(10),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表；给……接上；分娩)[典型例句]Wouldyoudelivermymessagetoyourmother?你可以帮我传口信给你母亲吗？Hedeliveredanimportantreportatthemeeting.他在会上做了重要报告。[思维拓展]deliversth.(tosb.)投递/传送某物(给某人)deliveraspeech发表演说deliverababy接生deliversb./sth.overtosb.把……移交给某人[即学即练]Hedeliveredmymessagetohisbrother.11eq\a\vs4\al(effectn.影响；结果；效果)[典型例句]Itriedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleornoeffect.我试图说服他，但却无济于事。Parentsworryabouttheeffectofmusicontheirchildren'sbehavior.父母担心音乐对孩子的行为所产生的影响。Inflationishavingadisastrouseffectontheeconomy.通货膨胀正在给经济带来灾难性的影响。[思维拓展]effectiveadj.有效的；醒目的beofnoeffect无效；没有作用；不中用haveaneffecton影响carry/put/bringsth.intoeffect实施，实行，使生效eintoeffect/takeeffect(法律、规则或制度)生效；实施ineffect＝effectively实际上beineffect(规律，法律等)生效，有效，在实行中[即学即练]Nobodyknowsforsurewhateffecttheglobalwarminghasonourenvironmentinthelongterm.考点集训一单句语法填空1．Wesupplyhimwithmoneyandclothes.2．Foodisinshortsupplyalloverthecountry.3．Afteringtopower，hecarriedoutalotofreform(改革)．4．Thewomanhasstoppedcrying；inotherwords，shecalmsdown.5．Hisworkmatesaidedhimto_overe(overe)thedifficulty.6．Hecaughtsightofhisfatherandwaved(wave)tohim.7．Weweretoldthepizzawouldbe_delivered(deliver)in20minutes.8．Thishadagreateffectonthefutureofbothmotherandson.9．Itwon'tbeeasytoputthechangesintoeffect.1eq\a\vs4\al(intheopenair露天；在户外)[典型例句]It'sgoodforyoutorunintheopenair.在户外跑跑步，对你来说是有益的。Apartfromsometeahouseswithdifferentstyles,teastallswithseatsintheopenairalongtheWestLakearegettingmoreandmorepopular.除了一些风格迥异的茶馆，围绕西湖的带有露天茶座的茶摊也越来越受到人们的欢迎。[思维拓展]ontheair在广播中，正在播出的intheair在空中，悬而未决；在流行中[即学即练]Thefilmwillbeshownintheopenairtonight.2eq\a\vs4\al(onhand现有尤指帮助)[典型例句]Ourteamofexpertswillbeonhandtoofferhelpandadvicebetween12noonand7pmdaily.每天中午12点到下午7点，我们的专家小组将随时提供帮助和建议。Therewassimplynocashonhandtomeetthecostoffood.手头实在没有现金可以购买食品。Wehavenobodyonhandtorepairyourcar.我们现在没有人能修你的车。[思维拓展]byhand用手；靠人工handinhand手拉手；连在一起地ontheonehand...ontheotherhand一方面……另一方面[即学即练]Wewillhavesomeexpertsonhandtogiveyouanyhelpyouneedatalltimes.3eq\a\vs4\al(sweepaway消灭；彻底消除)[典型例句]Thetownwassweptawayintheearthquake.这个城镇在那次地震中被夷为平地。Anydoubtshadlongsincebeensweptaway.一切怀疑早已完全消除。Wewouldliketobeabletosweepawaythoseharmfulrumors.我们要清除那些不实的有害传言。[思维拓展]sweepaside对……置之不理；全然无视；不理会sweepup清扫[即学即练]First，wecleanourhouseandsweepawaybadluck，andthenwepaintdoorsandwindowsred.4eq\a\vs4\al(standat达到)[典型例句]Yourbankbalancestandsat$720.98.你的银行存款余额为720.98美元。[思维拓展]standfor代表；支持standwith(在某人心中)处于(何种)位置；被(如何)看待standby支持；袖手旁观；准备；站在旁边[即学即练]—ThebookiswrittenbyT．C.Smith.—Whatdoesthe“T.C.”standfor?5eq\a\vs4\al(payattentionto注意)[典型例句]Shepaidmuchattentiontoherappearance.她很注重外表。Everyoneshouldpayattentiontokeepinghealthy.每个人都应注意保持健康。[思维拓展]drawone'sattentionto吸引某人注意fixone'sattentionto注意concentrateon集中注意力于……[误区警示]以上短语中的to、on都是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。[即学即练]Agreatdealofattentionhasbeenpaidto_protecting(protect)theenvironment.6eq\a\vs4\al(carryout执行；实现；完成)[典型例句]Theschooliscarryingoutanewplan.学校正在执行一项新的计划。Sheneededaclearheadtocarryoutherinstructions.她需要头脑清醒才能执行自己的指令。Allofushavecertaindutiesandjobstocarryout.我们每一个人都要完成一定的职责和工作。Weshouldcarryoutthedecisionsandcheckupontheresults.我们应执行决议并检查执行结果。[思维拓展]carryoff夺走carryon继续carrythrough把……进行到底[即学即练]Somepolicies(政策)can'tbe_carried(carry)outbecauseofsomereasons.考点集训二单句语法填空1．Ifyouhappennottohaveanythingonhand,couldyoupleasegivemeahelpinghand?2．Inthisway,“sweepingthedust”beforetheSpringFestivalmeansathoroughcleaningofhousestosweepawaybadluckinthepastyear.3．Weshouldpaymoreattentiontoimproving(improve)ourwrittenandspokenEnglish.4．Theteamhopestocarryoutthatstudythisyear.5．Ontheonehand，putersimprovetheworkingefficiency(效率)；ontheotherhand，theyalsobringaboutsomenewproblems.eq\o(\s\up7(1),\s\do5())Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday，killingmorethan6，500peopleinIndonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，andatleastfourothercountries.昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸袭击了亚洲的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少四个其他国家6500多人死亡。(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunami；thatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词atsunami，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语；killingmorethan...fourothercountries是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。(2)现在分词短语作状语时表示自然而然的结果，它常常位于句末，可以扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。Hisfatherdied，leavinghimalotofmoney(＝andlefthimalotofmoney)．他的爸爸去世了，留给他很多钱。Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam，thuscausingthedelay(＝thusitcausedthedelay)．他们的车困在了交通阻塞中，因而耽误了。[误区警示]现在分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语应保持一致。听到这个消息，他脸红了。(正)Hearingthenews，heturnedred.(误)Hearingthenews，hisfaceturnedred.(hisface不能发出hearing这个动作)[思维拓展]不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，且其前可加only表示强调。Wehurriedtothestation，onlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.我们匆匆忙忙地赶去车站，结果发现火车已经走了。[即学即练]Europeanfootballisplayedinmorethan80countries，making(make)itthemostpopularsport.eq\o(\s\up7(2),\s\do5())Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0.渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被这场达到9.0级的强震引发的巨浪卷走了。(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewaves；causedbythestrongearthquake是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词hugewaves，相当于定语从句that/whichwerecausedbythestrongearthquake；thatreachedamagnitudeof9.0是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词earthquake，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。(2)过去分词(短语)作定语的用法：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①可表示被动和动作已完成,②单个过去分词作定语时多前置，过去分词短语作定语,时多后置,③过去分词短语作后置定语时可转化为定语从句))Abalanceddietprovidesnutritionforyourbody.均衡的饮食为你的身体提供营养。HaveyoureadthenovelswrittenbyDickens(＝whichwerewrittenbyDickens)?你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？[即学即练]Youcannotacceptanopinionoffered(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.eq\o(\s\up7(3),\s\do5())Indianofficialssaidasmanyas1，900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.印度官员说，南部沿海地区有多达1900人遇难。asmanyas其后通常直接跟具体数量，表示“多达”“……之多”“整整”的意思。Asmanyasahundredpeopleattendedthemeeting.参加会议的有一百人之多。Youmaytakeasmanychairsasyouneed.你需要多少椅子就拿走多少椅子。[即学即练]Hedrinksasmanyasthreebottlesofmilkaday.eq\o(\s\up7(4),\s\do5())Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.我正和我的三个孩子吃早饭，突然海水冲入了我家。句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”，相当于andthen或andjustatthattime。Wewerediscussingthemathsproblemwhentheheadmastercamein.我们正在讨论数学问题，这时校长进来了。TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboystheweeklychemistryexperimentwhen,beforeIknewit,themixturewasbubblingovereverywhere!几天前，我正给孩子们演示每周一次的化学实验，这时，还没等我反应过来混合剂就冒得到处都是！[思维拓展]when作并列连词时的常见句式：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(bedoing...when...正在……这时突然……,bejustabouttodo...when...正要……这时突然……,beonthepointofdoing...when...正要……这时突然……,hadjustdone...when...刚刚做完……这时突然……))注意：when作并列连词时，通常不能位于句首；句型中的be通常为was/were。Shewascookingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.她正在做饭，这时有人敲门。Iwasabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.我正要动身，这时下雨了。Theywereonthepointofleavingwhenthepowerwascutoff.他们正要离开，这时突然停电了。Ihadjustfinishedreadingthenovelwhenmyfathercamein.我刚读完这本小说，这时父亲进来了。[即学即练]Thegirlwaswalkingalongthebeachwhenabeautifulbirdcaughthereye.eq\o(\s\up7(5),\s\do5())However，dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.然而，危险的状况和被损坏的道路将使得运送食品和供应品变得困难。句中makeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies是动词make的复合宾语结构。WhentheGoddessofHeavenknewthathergranddaughterwasmarriedtoahuman,shebecameveryangryandmadetheweavinggirlreturntoHeaven.当王母娘娘知道自己的孙女跟一个凡人结了婚，她勃然大怒，把织女带回了天庭。[思维拓展]“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构的几种常见形式：(1)make＋名词/代词＋不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。如：Everydaymyparentsmakemehaveanegg.＝EverydayIammadetohaveaneggbymyparents.我爸妈每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。(2)make＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词与宾语(名词/代词)之间是被动关系，且分词动作已完成。值得注意的是，不能用现在分词作宾补。如：Hisa