2023年上海市中考英语二轮综合复习-11 阅读理解A篇之记叙文（教师版）

重难点11阅读理解A篇之记叙文(教师版)

(建议用时：30分钟)

命题趋势

中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通

过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A,B,

C,D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求

阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。

满分技巧

四种题型：

1∙细节理解题

☆考察方面：学生对相关信息的识别能力，答案一般可在原文定位到

☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断

☆干扰选项：一般与文中观点相反，不符，未涉及，特征是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏

概全，扩大内容

解题技巧：

通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：

1.五个W(who,which,when,where,what)和一个H(how)；

2.数字、日期、时间等；

3.注意加强语气的词，运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是最佳答案。

2.词句猜测题

此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义，常用的方法是多种表达

法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。

解题技巧：

1.正确理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解，

推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。

2.根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：

(1)注意定义和解释；

(2)同义词或近义词的提示；

（3）近义词和反义词的提示；

（4）利用悬念的属种关系；

（5）借助已有知识或生活常识。

3.推理判断题（不要自行推理+过度推理）

☆考察方面：透过文章的信息进入深刻的分析，归纳和推断得解

☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断

解题技巧：

1.分析文章的主旨。

2.分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。

3.寻找文章的逻辑思路。

4.核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。

4.主旨大意题（BeSttitle）

☆考察方面：学生对文章主旨的驾驭能力，答案一般需要合理的归纳和总结得到

☆答题事项：通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视域要宽，紧抓对主题句搜索，

按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声，指读，复视或停顿。

限时检测

Mr.ConwaytoldallthestudentsthatEarthDaywascomingupsoonandtheyshouldailcomeupwithan

ideaforaproject.Everyonethoughtreallyhardabouttheiridea.

Miguelsaid,tςWeshouldstartrecycling（回收）atschool.Wecouldsetupbigbins（垃圾箱）aroundour

school."ςςGreatidea,Miguel!,,Mr.Conwaypraised.44Whoelsehasanidea?”

Emmasaid,uWecouldencourage（鼓励）everyonetoridetheirbikesinsteadofusingcarsorschoolbuses.

Wecouldmakebigposters（海报）andencourageourparentstoridebikestoworktoo.”"Anothergreatidea!"Mr.

Conwaysaid.ςςAnyoneelse?”

Kimsaid,ςςAtmyhousewehaveavegetablegarden,andweeatwhatwegroweveryyear.Maybewecould

startagardenhereatschoolandserve（服务；提供）thevegetablesindinninghall.”Mr.Conwaysaid,uIlikethat

idea.I,llhavetodiscussitwiththeheadteacherthough.Whoelsehadanidea?”

JohnnySaidJTheardpeoplecansavealotofenergy（能量）bychangingfromtraditionalbulbs（电灯泡）to

fluorescentlightbulbs（荧光灯）,butɪknownoteverybodyhasthem,let,shavealightbulbdrive（运动）.where

wecollectfluorescentlightbulbs,ormoneytobuythem,andgivethemtopeoplewhoneedthem.”

“Alloftheseareterrificideas!,,Mr.Conwaysaid.tςTheywouldallhelptheEarthstayhealthyandclean.I

don,tknowhowΓlldecidewhichonetopick.^^

Miguelraisedhishandandsaid,ςςWhydoyouhavetopickjustone?Whydon,twedothemall?"Mr.

Conwaylookedsurprised,butnodded（点头）hisheadatlast.

OnEarthDay,theclassweredividedinto（被分成）teams.Miguelandhisteamgotbigbinsandlabeled（用

标签标9J）themforrecycling.Emmaandherteammadebrightsignsencouragingeveryonetoridebikes.Johnny

andhisteamgavefluorescentlightbulbstoeveryfamilywhoneededthem.TheheadteacherOftheSChoOleven

gaveagreenIighttoStartaSChooIgarden.

1.WhatwasMiguel,sideafortheprojectonEarthDay?

A.Tojoinagreenclub.B.Tostartrecyclingathome.

C.Tosetupbigbins.D.Tostoplittering（扔垃圾）atschool.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph4referto?

A.Kim,sidea.B.Emma,sidea.C.Johnny,sidea.D.Mr.Conway,sidea.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“terrific“inParagraph6mean?

A.terribleB.wonderfulC.strangeD.boring

4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.HowthestudentsspendEarthDay.B.WhateveryonethoughtofEarthDay.

C.HowtheclassweredividedonEarthDay.D.WhatthestudentslovedaboutEarthDay.

5.HowdoyouthinkKimfelt,accordingtotheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?

A.Excited.B.Worried.C.Bored.D.Surprised.

【答案】I.C2.A3.B4.C5.A

【导语】本文讲述了ConWay先生收集大家对地球日的想法，以及让全班同学在地球日那天进行实践的

事。

I.细节理解题。根据“Weshouldstartrecycling（回收）atschool.Wecouldsetupbigbins（垃圾箱）aroundour

SChOO『可知，MigUel的建议是在学校开始回收，在学校周围设置大垃圾箱。故选C。

2.词义猜测题。根据"Kimsaid,"Atmyhousewehaveavegetablegarden...'Mr.Conwaysaid,ςIlikethat

idea.Γllhavetodiscussitwiththeheadsteacherthough...'“可知，划线部分的“it”指的是Kim的想法。故选

Ao

3.词义猜测题。根据“TheywouldallhelptheEarthstayhealthyandclean.Idon,tknowhowΓΠdecidewhich

OnetoPiCk.”可知，所有的这些想法都很棒；"terrific”在此表示“极好的，了不起的”，与“wonderful”同义。

故选B。

4.段落大意题。根据“OnEarthDay,theclassweredividedinto（被分成）teams.”和整段可知，同学们被分成

各个小组，根据之前提出的想法可知，各个小组参与到各项实践活动中；C选项“班级在地球日是如何划

分的。”符合段意。故选C。

5.推理判断题。根据“Theheadteacheroftheschoolevengaveagreenlighttostartaschoolgarden.“可知，

学校的校长甚至还开了绿灯，允许学校建花园，说明Kim的建设蔬菜园的想法得到了认可；由此推知

Kim会很激动。故选A。

I,mgoodatmyschoolwork,butforsomereason,Ihaveaverybadhabitoflosingthings.

Lastsummer,Iwasonvacationwithmyfamilyatthebeach.Onthefirstday,myfathergavemeawatch.

“Youneedtohaveawatch,sotakegoodcareofit,"hesaid.

Thenextday,Iwentswimming.Thesunwasshiningonthewater.Thewaterwaswarmandbeautiful.I

reallyenjoyedbeinginthewater.

Whenɪreturnedtobeach,Iwasquitetiredsoɪlaydown.Atthatmoment,Iwantedtoseewhattimeitwas.

Butthewatchwasgone!Ilookedforitallafternoon,butIcouldnotfindit.

Thatnightatdinner,mysisterasked,44Whattimeisit?”

44AskTom,^^mymothersaid.ςςHehasanewwatch.,,

Dadlookedatmeandsaid,ςςDon,ttellmethatyou,velostthewatchalready!v

“No!”Isaid.Iwassweating（出汗）withgreatfeaɪ*.IknewIwasgoingtobecaughtinaterriblelie（谎

言）.Justthen,therewasanannouncement,ttLadiesandgentlemen,averynicewatchwasfoundonthebeach

today.Ifyoulostoneandcanidentify（确认）it,pleasecometothefrontdesk.,,

Atonce,Iknewwhatɪhadtodo.Islowlygotup,withmywholefamilystaringatme.ɪwenttothedesk.

Thereitwas.Thewatchwasnotbroken.Itwasstillworking.

Iwalkedbacktothetable,satdownandsaidinalowvoice,4ςΓmsorryIdidn,ttellthetruth.,,Myfamily

smiled.TheyknewthatIhadfinallylearnedmylesson.

6.Tom,sfathergavehimanewwatchbecauseToin.

A.neededoneB.wasonvacation

C.dislikedhisoldoneD.behavedwellatschool

7.WhatdidTomdowhenhefoundthewatchwasgone?

A.Hetoldhisfatheraboutthat.

B-Heaskedthefrontdeskforhelp.

C.Hespentallafternoonlookingforit.

D.Hedidnothingandcontinuedlyingonthebeach.

8.HowmightTomfeelaftersaying"No"？

A.Happy.B.Worried.C.Relaxed.D.Angry.

9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Tomdoeswellinhisschoolwork.

B.Tomenjoysswimminginthewater.

C.Tomalwaystellslies.

D.Tomoftenlosesthings.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lesson“inthelastsentencereferto?

A.Takinggoodcareofourselvesisnecessary.

B.Ifsimportanttolistentoparents.

C.Weshouldexcuseothers,mistakes.

D.Facemistakesbravelyratherthantellinglies.

【答案】6.A7.C8.B9.C10.D

【导语】本文讲述了TOm有个爱丢东西的习惯，在去年夏天，Tom又丢失了爸爸新给他买的手表，不过

最后失而复得，但从这次经历中Tom也吸取了教训。

6.细节理解题。根据“Youneedtohaveawatch,sotakegoodcareOfit''可知因为Tom需要手表，所以爸爸

给他一块新的，故选A。

7.细节理解题。根据“Butthewatchwasgone!Ilookedforitallafternoon,butIcouldnotfindit.”可知他花费

了整整一个下午都在找手表，故选C。

8.推理判断题。根据“Iwassweating（出汗）withgreatfear”可知，他说了"不''之后，他很害怕很担心，

故选B。

9.推理判断题。根据“Iwassweating（出汗）withgreatfear.Iknewɪwasgoingtobecaughtinaterriblelie

（谎言）.“可知，Tom这次撒谎了，自己认为是可怕的谎言，且自己感觉到巨大的恐惧，说明他平时不撒

谎，故选C。

10.词义猜测题。根据“Iwalkedbacktothetable,satdownandsaidinalowvoice,tΓmsorryIdidn,ttellthe

truth/Myfamilysmiled.TheyknewthatIhadfinallylearnedmylesson.“可知,家人知道Tom吸取了教训，

所以单词“lesson”指的是，勇敢地面对错误，而不是说谎”，故选D。

Long,longagotherewasaveryfoolishthief.Doyouknowwhathedidoneday?Whenhewantedto

Steal（偷）thebellonhisneighbour'sdoor,hewalkeduptothedoor,tookholdOf（抓住）thebellandpulledhard.

Thebellmadeaveryloudnoise.Thethiefwasafraidandwenthome.

Thenhesatdowntothink,“Imustdosomethingaboutthenoise,“hesaid.Hethoughtandthought.Atlasthe

hadanidea.44Ah,I,llputsomecottoninmyears.ThenIwon,tbeabletohearthenoise."Thenextdayhewentto

thedoorofhisneighbour,andtookholdofthebell.Thistimehepulledevenharder.Thebellrangloudly,butthe

thiefdidnothearanything.Withanotherhardpullhegotthebeilout.Justthentheneighbourcamerunningout.

44Stealmybell?Γllteachyoualesson（教训I）,“theangrymanshouted.Andhehitthethiefonthenose.

Thefoolishthiefdidnotknowhowtheneighbourfoundouthewasstealingthebell.ςςWhydidhecomeout

justthen?”hewondered（感到疑惑）.

11.Thethiefwastryingtoget.

A.hisneighbourB.hisneighbour,sdoorbell

C.somecottonD.adoorwithabellonit

12.Thethiefputsomecottoninhisears.Hethoughtitwouldbeforhimtostealthedoorbell.

A.safeB.difficultC.dangerousD.easy

13.Theneighbourranoutprobably（彳艮可能）because.

A.heknewhisdoorbellwasbeingstolenB.hethoughtsomeonewaseager（渴望的）tovisithim

C.herealized（意识到）somethingstrangehappenedD.BothBandC

14.Theneighbourhitthethiefto.

A.givehimlessonsB.PUniSh（惩罚）himforstealing

C.helphimwiththebellD.behisteacher

15.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Thethiefunderstoodwhyhewashitonthenose.

B.Thethiefknewwhytheneighbourcameout.

C.Thethiefthoughttheneighbourcouldn,thearthenoisethebellmade.

D.Thethiefdidn,twanttoknowwhytheneighbourranout.

【答案】ILB12.A13.D14.B15.C

【导语】本文讲J'“掩耳盗铃”的故事。

11.细节判断题。根据“Whenhewantedtostealthebellonhisneighbour,sCk）Or''可他想偷邻居家门上的铃

铛。故选B。

12.推理判断题。根据"'Imustdosomethingaboutthenoise/hesaid.Hcthoughtandthought.Atlasthehad

anidea.fcAh,I,llputsomecottoninmyears.Then1won,tbeabletohearthenoise/Thenextdayhewenttothe

doorofhisneighbour,andtookholdofthebell.”可知他认为捂住自己的耳朵，别人就听不见铃声了，由此推

出他觉得这样做他能安全偷到门铃。故选A。

13.推理判断题。门铃一直响，有可能是有人拜访，或者是发生了什么奇怪的事情，所以邻居在门铃响

时出来一探究竟。故选D。

14.细节理解题。根据邻居说的“Stealmybell?IRteachyoualesson”,可知，邻居打小偷是为了惩罚他。

故选Bo

15.推理判断题。根据“Ah,Γllputsomecottoninmyears.ThenIwon,tbeabletohearthenoise.”及全文内容

可知，小偷捂上自己的耳朵就认为别人听不到，才大胆去偷铃，C项表达正确。故选C。

AChineseworker,whocaredfortheinjuredanddealtwithadangeroussituationandthengotlostinthe

mountains,hasbeensaved17dayslater.

GanYu,aworkeratSichuan,sWandonghydropowerplant（水力发电站）,wasondutywithhisco-worker,

LuoYong,onSept.5whenthe6.8-levelquakehitsouthwesternSichuanProvince.Luopreventedfloodingby

pouringwaterfromthedambeforehejoinedGanYu,whostayedbehindtogivefirstaidtoinjuredco-workers.

Thenthepairrantotheplantandturnedoffthegenerator（发电机）.Theytriedtoleavethefar-awaypower

station,walkingaroundfor20kilometers.ButGan,whohasverypooreyesight,hadlosthisglassesduringthe

quakeandfounditdifficulttowalkinthemountains.TheyfinallydecidedthatGanshouldStayPUtwhileLuo

wentlookingforhelp.LuoleftGansomewildfruitandbambooshootstoeat.LuowasfoundonSept.8,butby

thetimeGan,spiecesofclothingandfootprintswerediscoveredonSept.11,hehaddisappeared.

Luckily,thestorydidn,tendhere.OnSept.19,alocalfarmer,NiTaigao,returnedtohisvillageatthefootof

themountainwherethepowerplantis,andheardaboutthenewsoflookingforGan.Thevillagerputhislocal

knowledgetouseandjoinedthesearch.Duringhoursoftrekking（艰苦跋涉）,heheardGan,sweakcriesand

soonnoticedhim.Therearenosuperheroesinthisstory,butordinarypeoplelikethethreeturnedintoheroes.

16.Wheredidthestoryhappen?

A.Sichuan.B.Fujian.C.Yunnan.D.Guizhou.

17.WhatdidLuoYongdointhestory?

A.Helosthisglasses.B.Hejoinedthesearch.

C.Hepreventedflooding.D.Hehelpedtheinjured.

18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stayput"inParagraph2mean?

A.熬夜B.离开C.不动D.出发

19.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.GanYuhasbeensavedonSeptember1lth.

B.Thetwomanhadtroublewalkingoutofthemountains.

C.LuoYongtookallthewildfruitandbambooshootswithhim.

D.NiTaigaohasnolocalknowledgebuthewantedtohelpthem.

20.What,sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ALostWorkerB.HydropowerPlantC.ALocalFarmerD.OrdinaryHeroes

【答案】16.A17.C18.C19.B20.D

【导语】本文主要介绍了在地震中坚守水电站，拉闸泄洪和关闭电机，从而挽救了数百人生命的英雄一

—甘宇和罗永，以及介绍了参与搜寻并发现了在地震后失联的甘宇的村民——倪太高。

16.细节理解题。根据“GanYu,aworkeratSichuan,sWandonghydropowerPIant（水力发电站）,wasonduty

withhisco-worker,LuoYong,onSept.5whenthe6.8-levelquakehitsouthwesternSichuanProVince...”可矢11,

这个故事发生在四川。故选A。

17.细节理解题。根据“LuopreventedfIoOdingbyPoUringWaterfi∙omthedam…”可知，罗永阻止了洪水。故

选C。

18.词义猜测题。根据"ButGan,whohasverypooreyesight,hadlosthisglassesduringthequakeandfoundit

difficulttowalkinthemountains.TheyfinallydecidedthatGanshouldstayputwhileLuowentlookingforhelp.

LuoleftGansomewildfruitandbambooshootstoeat.”可知，甘宇的视力不好，他的眼镜也在地震中丢失

并且在山里难以行走，所以最后甘宇和罗永决定了甘宇留在原地，而罗永则去寻求救援，因此第二

段中的划线词汇StayPUt应意为“留在原地，固定不动”。故选C。

19.推理判断题。根据“Theytriedtoleavethefar-awaypowerstation,walkingaroundfor20kilometers.But

Gan,whohasverypooreyesight,hadlosthisglassesduringthequakeandfounditdifficulttowalkinIhe

mountains.TheyfinallydecidedthatGanshouldstayputwhileLuowentlookingforhelp.LuoleftGansome

wildfruitandbambooshootstoeat.LuowasfoundonSept.8...”可知，地震发生于9月5号，甘宇有严重的

近视，且眼镜也在地震中丢失了，所以在山里难以步行，最后决定甘宇留在原地，罗永去寻求援助，而

罗永是在9月8号才被发现，甘宇却暂时失联了，由此可推，甘宇和罗永俩人都在走出大山时遇到了困

难。故选B。

20.最佳标题题。根据最后一段中的最后一句"Therearenosuperheroesinthisstory,butordinaιypeoplelike

thethreeturnedintoheroes.,,τ以及通读全文后可知，这个故事主要介绍的是甘宇和罗永，以及•位当地农

民倪太高，甘宇和罗永在地震中拉闸泄洪，关闭电机，从而挽救了数百人的生命，倪太高凭借自己对当

地熟识也参与到了搜寻甘宇的救援中，并在最后找到了甘宇，文章的最后一句话也说到虽然这个故事里

没有超级英雄，但像这样的三个普通人成为了英雄，所以本文的最佳标题应是选项D“平凡英雄”，符合文

意。故选Do

Onarainyday,about150volunteersworkedforeighthourstocleanupCarsonCreekthatisnearariver.

Aboutninetonsoftrashwastakenoutfromthere.

“Wedidagoodjob,“saidAlanSpecter,theorganizeroftheevent.uWe,veplannedtocomebackhereone

moretime.Ofcourse,wehopethattherewon,tbesomuchtrashnexttime.”

Thetrashcameinallshapes,sizesandcolors:bottles,bicycles,batteries,furniture,clothing,plasticbags,

dollsandevenagolfbagwithafullsetofgolfCIUbS（高尔夫球杆）.

Thedirtyandtiringworkwasdonebytwovolunteeringgroups—SavetheBayandWatchtheWhales.Most

ofthevolunteerscamefromalocalpolicestationandafirestation.Andsomeofthemwereoldpeoplewhohad

alreadybeenretired.

Thatday,itrainedalittle.Allofthemworebootsandraincoats.Theworktookplacealongatwo-mileriver

withover500bigyellowtrashbagseverywhere.

Noonefoundanythingthatcostmuch.Afive-year-oldboyfoundanearringwhichhethoughtmightbe

worthamilliondollars.Hesaidhe,dsellit.Thenhe,ddonatehalfofthemoneytoWatchtheWhales,andusethe

otherhalftobuyhisfavoriteice-creameveryday.

Manypeoplelaughedattheboy,sstoιy.

However,itwaseasilyfoundthattheenvironmenttheredidbecomeb