四川绵阳南山中学高三一诊热身考试英语试题

绵阳南山中学2020年秋季高2018级一诊热身考试英语试题注意事项：1、本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两大部分，共150分，考试时间120分钟。2、答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、准考证号等信息填写在答题卡上相应的位置。3、全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。第I卷（选择题共100分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.What’sJohndoingnow?A.Playingfootball.B.WatchingTV.C.Studying.2.Whatcanthemando?A.Swim.B.Playsoccer.C.Playbasketball.3.Whenwillthemeetingbeover?A.At11:00.B.At10:00.C.At9:30.4.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheplay?A.Terrible.B.Justsoso.C.Great.5.What’stheweatherlikenow?A.Snowy.B.Rainy.C.Sunny.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?A.Thelibrary.B.Thelab.C.Thecafé.7.What’stheman’smajor?A.Psychology.B.Physics.C.Chemistry.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。8.Whereisthewomangoingfirst?A.Theclassroom.B.Thelibrary.C.Thegym.9.Whatwillthewomandointhelibrary?A.Borrowsomebooks.B.Returnsomebooks.C.Studyfortheexam.10.Whydothespeakersgotothegym?A.Towatchagame.B.TotakeaPEclass.C.Togoswimming.听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。11.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heisinpoorhealth.B.Hewantstostayathometoday.C.Hehasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.12.WhatrelationisMr.Belltotheman?A.Hisneighbor.B.Histeacher.C.Hisfather.13.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Helphimhandinhisproject.B.Calltoaskforleave.C.Drivehimtoschoolrightnow.听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16三个小题。14.Whatwillthemandointhelateafternoon?A.Giveaspeech.B.Writeamagazinearticle.C.Preparesomematerials.15.Wherewillthemanhavedinnertonight?A.Athome.B.Intheoffice.C.Inameetingroom.16.Howwillthemangobackhome?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytaxi.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.WhatcanwelearnaboutPedalPower?A.Itwasstartedin1996.B.Itgivesbicyclestopeopleforfree.C.Itsendsbicyclestopoorareasregularly.18.WhathappenedtoPedalPowerinAugust2000?A.Itcouldn’tmeetitscosts.B.ItwonanEnterpriseAward.C.ItwascriticizedbytheBritishmedia.19.WhendidDanPearmangotoEcuador?A.In1993.B.In1998.C.In2001.20.WhywasDanPearman’sneighborsuccessfulinbusiness?A.Heofferedmanyjobstocraftsmeninthetown.B.Hewasthemostskilledcraftsmaninthevillage.C.Hecouldreachcustomerseasilybyridinghisbike.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAppscanhelpanyusers,eventhosewhoarenotstudents,getmoreorganizedandimprovetheirwork.Whetherornotyouareastudent,herearesomeappsworthconsidering.QuizletQuizletisastudyaidapp.Itisfilledwithflashcardsonmanysubjectstostudy.Quizlethaslinkstosubjectslike:Arts&Literature;Languages&Vocabulary;Math&Science;History&Geography;StandardizedTests;Professional&Careers.Theapphasamixoftext,imagesandaudiorecordings,includingpronunciationofwordsindifferentlanguages.Quizlethasgamestoplayandteststotake.CardsareavailableontheappevenwhenyouarenotconnectedtotheInternet.QuizletisavailableasafreeappfromApple’siTunesstore.FreeGraphingCalculatorAppTheFreeGraphingCalculatorletstheusercreateuptofourgraphsatonce,andletsusersadjustthegraphsforthebestviews.Youcanchangemeasurementswithintheimageeasilyusingtheapp.Themathematicsandscienceguidewithintheappcanexplainsomeimportantmathorscienceideas.TheFreeGraphingCalculatorisfree.Userscanpaytoremovetheadvertising.PomoDoneAppThePomoDoneappcanhelpdividetimeintoblocksforworkandforbreaks.Theappontheputerhelpskeeptrackoftimeblocksforeachactivity.Theappwillsaywhenitistimetotakeabreakandwhenitistimetogetbacktowork.PomoDonecanworkwithotherappsandhelptheuserkeeptrackofone’sactivitiesoverlongperiodsoftime.TheappisavailableforputersfromthePomoDonewebsite.Theappisfree.Paidextrafeaturesareavailable.1.What’sthesamefeatureofthethreeapps?A.Theycanbeusedtohelpusersforfree.B.TheycanbeusedtodividetimeintoblocksC.Theycanbeusedtoexplainsomeimportantmaths.D.TheycanbeusedtostudyEnglishfreely.2.WhatkindofworkcanyouuseFreeGraphingCalculatorApptodo?A.Removetheadvertisingforfree. B.Makeagraphclearer.C.Keeptrackoftimeblocks. D.StudyArts&Literature.3.WherecanyougetthePomoDoneApp?A.AtApple’siTunesstore. B.Intheadvertisingcolumn.C.FromthePomoDonewebsite. D.FromtheFreeGraphingCalculator.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】本文是说明文。应用程序可以帮助任何用户。文章介绍了三个值得考虑的应用程序。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Quizlet部分的“QuizletisavailableasafreeappfromApple’siTunesstore.”FreeGraphingCalculatorApp部分的“TheFreeGraphingCalculatorisfree.”以及PomoDoneApp部分的“Theappisfree.”可知，这三个软件都是免费的。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据FreeGraphingCalculatorApp部分的“TheFreeGraphingCalculatorletstheusercreateuptofourgraphsatonce,andletsusersadjustthegraphsforthebestviews.Youcanchangemeasurementswithintheimageeasilyusingtheapp.(TheFreeGraphingCalculator允许用户一次创建多达四个图形，并允许用户调整图形以获得最佳视图。你可以使用应用程序轻松地更改图像中的测量值)”可知，这款软件可以让图表更清楚。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“TheappisavailableforputersfromthePomoDonewebsite.”可知，这款软件可以从PomoDone网站获得。故选C。BDoyoulovefood?Whetheryou’reafoodieorsomeonewhojustlikeseating,thereissomuchtochoosefrom.Weknowthattoomuchofthewrongkindoffoodcanbebadforourhealth,butforsomepeoplehavingafoodallergymeanseatingcertainthingscanactuallybeharmful—andnow,itseems,thisisaffectingmoreandmoreofus.Anallergyiscausedbytheimmunesystemfightingsubstancesintheenvironment,knownasallergens(过敏原),whichshouldbeseenasharmless.Foodallergiescancauselifethreateningreactions,whichmeanspeoplehavetospendtheirlivesfollowingstrictdietaryrestrictionsandworryingabouttheingredientsofeverythingtheyconsume.AllergyspecialistDrAdamFoxsays,“Ifyoulookbackover,say,30or40years…therearemuchmoreallergicproblemsaroundnowthantherewere.”Weoftenhearaboutpeoplehavingallergiestodairyproductsandtopeanuts.Lastyearayounggirldiedaftersufferingadeadlyallergicreactionfromeatingabaguettecontainingsesameseeds.Thisledtoacallforbetterfoodlabellinglaws.Researchhasfoundthatthisproblemisparticularlyaffectingchildren.Moreandmoreofthemarehavingallergicreactionstocertainfoodstuffs.DrAlexandraSantosfromKing’sCollegeLondonsays“foodallergynowaffectsabout7percentofchildrenintheUKand9percentofthoseinAustralia.AcrossEurope,2percentofadultshavefoodallergies”.Sowhatmightbethecause?DrSantossaystheincreaseinallergiesisnotsimplytheeffectofsocietybeingmoreawareofthemandbetteratdiagnosingthem;itseemstobemoreenvironmental.Shesayspossiblefactorsare“pollution,dietarychangesandlessexposuretomicrobes(微生物),whichchangehowourimmunesystemsrespond”.Alotofworkisbeingdonetotryandfindacure,butthat’snoteasy.Sofornowallergysufferersmustwatchwhattheyeatandtheymustrelyonclearandaccuratelabelling.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph1referto?A.Havinganimbalanceddiet.B.Beingallergictosomecertainfood.C.Consumingtoomuchofharmfulfood.D.Fightingsubstancesintheenvironment.5.WhichofthefollowingwritingskillsisNOTusedinparagraph2&3?A.Givingadefinition. B.Makingaparison.C.Offeringanexample. D.Presentingspecificdata.6.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Dairyproductsaretoblameformostfoodallergies.B.Kidsdon’tsufferfromfoodallergiesasmuchasadults.C.Allergiesunknowninthepastmaybediagnosednow.D.Moreexposuretomicrobescanreducefoodallergies.7.What’sapracticalsuggestionforallergysufferers?A.Nevertrynewfood. B.Makeeffortstofindacure.C.Haveabalanceddiet. D.Readlabelsbeforeeating.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，似乎越来越多的人对不同类型的食物产生了过敏反应，究竟有哪些原因导致了这一现象呢？文章就此展开说明。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段的“forsomepeoplehavingafoodallergymeanseatingcertainthingscanactuallybeharmful—andnow,itseems,thisisaffectingmoreandmoreofus.”可知，对于一些有食物过敏症的人来说，意味着吃某些种类的东西事实上是有害的——并且现在似乎这正在影响着越来越多的人。根据句意，推测划线部分指代上文提到的“对某种食物过敏的情况”。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。第二段中使用了下定义的说明方法，如“Anallergyiscausedbytheimmunesystemfightingsubstancesintheenvironment,knownasallergens”(过敏是由于免疫系统对抗环境中的物质，被称为过敏原)；作比较的说明方法，如“Ifyoulookbackover,say,30or40years…therearemuchmoreallergicproblemsaroundnowthantherewere.”(如果你回顾三四十年前……现在有更多的过敏问题)；第三段使用了举例子的说明方法，如“Lastyearayounggirldiedaftersufferingafatalallergicreactionfromeatingabaguettecontainingsesameseeds.”(去年，一个年轻女孩因为吃了含有芝麻的法棍面包而导致致命的过敏反应而死亡)，但是这两个自然段都没有提供具体的数据信息，故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段的“DrSantossaystheincreaseinallergiesisnotsimplytheeffectofsocietybeingmoreawareofthemandbetteratdiagnosingthem”(桑托斯博士说，过敏症的增加并不仅仅是因为越来越意识到它们的存在，和越来越善于诊断出它们……)可知，现在人们对过敏症意识更强、过敏症也能够更好地诊断出来。由此推测，以前不为人们所知道的过敏症，现在可能被诊断出来。故选C项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Sofornowallergysufferersmustwatchwhattheyeatandtheymustrelyonclearandaccuratelabelling.”(所以现在过敏症患者必须看他们是什么，他们必须依靠清楚和准确的标签)可知，给过敏症患者实用的建议是在吃东西前先认真阅读标签。故选D项。CAttheageof14,JamesHarrisonhadamajorchestoperationandherequired13units(3.4gallons)ofbloodafterwards.Theblooddonationssavedhislife,andhedecidedthatonceheturned18,hewouldbegindonatingbloodasregularlyashecould.Morethan60yearsandalmost1,200donationslater,Harrison,whosebloodcontainsanantibody(抗体)thathassavedthelivesof2.4millionbabiesfrommiscarriages(流产),retiredasablooddonoronMay11.Harrison’sbloodisvaluablebecausehenaturallyproducesRhnegativeblood,whichcontainsRhpositiveantibodies.HisbloodhasbeenusedtocreateantiDinAustraliasince1967.“EverybottleofAntiDevermadeinAustraliahasJamesinit”RobynBarlow,theRhprogramdirectortoldtheSydneyMorningHerald.“It’sanamazingthing.Hehassavedmillionsofbabies.Icryjustthinkingaboutit.”Sincethen,Harrisonhasdonatedbetween500and800millilitersofbloodalmosteveryweek.He’smade1,162donationsfromhisrightarmand10fromhisleft.“I’dkeepgoingiftheyletme,”HarrisontoldtheHerald.Hisdoctorssaiditwastimetostopthedonations—andtheycertainlydon’ttakethemlightly.Theyhadalreadyextendedtheagelimitforblooddonationsforhim,andthey’recuttinghimoffnowtoprotecthishealth.Hemadehisfinaldonationsurroundedbysomeofthemothersandbabieswhohisbloodhelpedsave.Harrison’sretirementisablowtotheRhtreatmentprograminAustralia.Only160donorssupporttheprogram,andfindingnewdonorshasproventobedifficult.ButHarrison’sretirementfromgivingblooddoesn’tmeanhe’spletelyoutofthegame.ScientistsarecollectingandcataloginghisDNAtocreatealibraryofantibodiesandwhitebloodcellsthatcouldbethefutureoftheantiDprograminAustralia.8.WhatdoweknowaboutJamesHarrison?A.Hesaved2.4millionpoorpeople.B.Heistoretireasablooddonor.C.Heisaverygratefulblooddonor.D.Hedonatesbloodnearlyeveryday.9.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingParagraph4?A.TostateHarrison’sdecisiontocontinuedonatingblood.B.TodescribehowHarrison’sdonationsetoanend.C.TointroducesomebabiessavedbyHarrison’sblood.D.TopraiseHarrisonforhiscooperationwiththedoctors.10.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutHarrison?A.Afterhisretirement,theRhprogramwillfail.B.Newdonorsareeasytofindinashorttime.C.HecontinuestocontributetotheRhprogram.D.HisDNAiskeptinalibraryforfuturestudy.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AUniqueManwithaRareBloodTypeB.TheBloodSavingMillionsofBabiesC.ASpecialBloodTypeDonortoRetireD.TheManwiththeGoldenArm【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述的是Harrison因别人的献血挽救了自己的生命，因此决定18岁以后自己也参与献血，接下来的60年里，他献血近1200次。哈里森自然产生RH阴性血，其中含有RH阳性抗体。拯救了数百万婴儿。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，JamesHarrison在14岁时做了一次胸部大手术，手术需要血液，献血挽救了他的生命，他决定一旦年满18岁，就开始尽可能定期献血，由此可以推知JamesHarrison是个非常感恩的献血者。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段可知，为了保护Harrison的健康，他们停止了他的献血，他最后一次捐赠的血液帮助挽救了一些母亲和婴儿，由此可以推知，作者写第四段的目的是去描写Harrison的捐赠生涯是如何结束的，故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的ButHarrison’sretirementfromgivingblooddoesn’tmeanhe’spletelyoutofthegame.可知哈里森的退役并不意味着他完全退出了这场“比赛”，由此可以推知，Harrison继续为RH项目做出贡献，故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章主要内容和第三段的He’smade1,162donationsfromhisrightarmand10fromhisleft.可知，本文主要讲述的是Harrison因别人献血挽救了自己的生命，18岁以后的60年里，他献血近1200次，他的右臂捐献了1162次，左臂捐献了10次，挽救了数百万婴儿，故“那个拥有金色手臂的人”能作为本文的标题，故选D。DTherearemanyprotectedareasallovertheworldfrominvasivespecies.However,mostofthemarestillvulnerable(易受伤害的)toinvasion,accordingtoaresearchconductedbyscientistsfromChinaandtheUK.Thestudy,ledbytheChineseAcademyofSciences,waspublishedinthejournalNaturemunications.Itshowedhowthemajorityofprotectedareasarenomorethan10kilometersawayfromanareawiththepresenceofinvasivespecies.TimBlackburn,acoauthorofthestudyandaprofessorfromUniversityCollegeLondon,saidthatintroducinginvasivespeciesisamongtheworstdamagethathumanscaninflicttothenaturalenvironment.InvasivealienspeciesorIAScanharmanecosystembypetingwithorkillingnativespeciesanddestroyinghabitats,amongmanyimpacts.Aliensarespeciesthatarenotnaturallyoccurringinaparticularareaandareintroducedthroughhumans.Invasionbysuchspeciesisconsideredasamongthefiveworstdirectdriversofbiodiversitylossworldwide.Aliensestablishpopulationsatmorenewareasataneverincreasingpace.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatlowerthantenpercentofprotectedareashavethe894surveyedinvasivespecieswithinthem,whichsuggeststhat,ingeneral,protectedareasareeffectivelyshieldedagainstinvasion.However,allofthemarestillatriskfromIAS,becauseatleastonealienspecieswasfoundwithin100kilometersof99%ofthesurveyedprotectedareas’boundaries.Theresearchteamalsodiscoveredthatprotectedregionsthatcontainmoreinvasiveanimalspeciesexperienceamoresignificantinfluenceorpresenceofhumans,otherwiseknownasthehumanfootprintindex.Thisiscausedbyfactorslikelargehumanpopulationsandtransportlinks.Inaddition,protectedareasthathavebeenestablishedmorerecentlyandaremoreextensivehaveamoresignificantnumberofIAS.Theolderprotectedareasareusuallyinmoreremotelocations,whichprovidethemwithbetterprotectionfromhumanimpacts.Dr.Liwhoisafamousbiologistsaidthatfornow,themajorityofprotectedareasarefreefromIAS.Still,itmaynotbetrueforlong.Headdsthatthoseareaswhichareeasilyaccessibletomanypeoplecountasthemosthighlyvulnerable.12.Whichwordisclosesttotheunderlinedword“inflict”inmeaninginparagraph2?A.Contribute. B.Cause. C.Practise. D.Prevent.13.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.Alienspeciesaredangeroustonativespeciesandtheirhabitats.B.Nativespeciesarenotstrongenoughtopetewithaliens.C.Alienspecieshaveamuchstrongerappetitethannativespecies.D.Thenumberofnativespeciesincreasesmoreslowlythanthatofalienspecies.14.Whatisalsocloselyrelatedtothealieninvasionaccordingtothestudy?A.Thelocalweather. B.Humanactivity.C.Regionallocations. D.Practicalmeasures.15.What’sDr.Li’sattitudetowardsthefutureofprotectedareas?A.Positive. B.Subjective. C.Uncaring. D.Worried.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。中国科学院和伦敦大学学院的专家对外来生物的入侵进行了研究。研究发现，保护区离外来生物距离非常近，导致了本土生物及其栖息地遭到外来特种破坏。此外，人类活动也是一个非常重要的原因。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句子“thathumanscaninflicttothenaturalenvironment”是定语从句，修饰damage，根据主句“introducinginvasivespeciesisamongtheworstdamage(引入入侵物种是最严重的破坏之一)”及上下文的含义可以推测，人类引入入侵物种会对自然环境带来破坏。画线单词意为“带来、导致”。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“InvasivealienspeciesorIAScanharmanecosystembypetingwithorkillingnativespeciesanddestroyinghabitats,amongmanyimpacts.(入侵外来物种（IAS）可以通过与本地物种竞争、杀死本地物种、破坏栖息地等方式破坏生态系统)”可知，外来物种会对本地物种及其栖息地造成破坏。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Aliensarespeciesthatarenotnaturallyoccurringinaparticularareaandareintroducedthroughhumans.(外来物种是一种不是自然发生在一个特定地区，并通过人类引入的物种)”及第五段“Theresearchteamalsodiscoveredthatprotectedregionsthatcontainmoreinvasiveanimalspeciesexperienceamoresignificantinfluenceorpresenceofhumans,otherwiseknownasthehumanfootprintindex.Thisiscausedbyfactorslikelargehumanpopulationsandtransportlinks.(该研究小组还发现，包含更多入侵动物物种的保护区受到更大的影响或更多人类的存在，也被称为人类足迹指数。这是由人口众多和交通联系等因素造成的)”可以推测，导致外来物种入侵的另一个原因就是人类活动。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still,itmaynotbetrueforlong.Headdsthatthoseareaswhichareeasilyaccessibletomanypeoplecountasthemosthighlyvulnerable.(不过，这种情况可能不会持续太久。他补充说，那些对许多人来说很容易到达地区被认为是最脆弱的地区)”可以推测，Dr.Li对保护区的未来表示担忧。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。DevelopingInterpersonalRelationshipsOneofthebiggestkeystohappinessishavingstronginterpersonalrelationships.Ibelievethatrelationshipsarekeytoleadingafulfillingandcontentedlife.Likeanythingworthhavinginlife,theytakesomeworktodevelopandmaintain.Inthespiritofclarity,it’sgoodideatotakeaquicklookatthedefinitionofinterpersonalrelationships.____16____Thiscanextendfromfamilytofriends,toworkassociates,toneighbors,orclubsandonandon.Itcanbearelationshipinanycontextorsituation.Forinstance,I’vehadstrongshortlivedrelationshipswithpeopleI’veworkedwithonaprojectaswellasonefor50yearswithmybrother.MytwobestfriendsandIliveindifferentcitiesbut,wegettogetherseveraltimesayearandhaveagreattime.IhaveamentorIworkedwithoveradecadeagoIstillstayintouchwithbecausewegetalongsowell.____17____Wewillbrieflytouchondevelopinginterpersonalrelationships.Bestwaytoapproachitistobeagoodpartnerorfriendasthesituationdesires.____18____Doyourpartandhelpothersasneeded.Beacontributorwhoisalsowillingtohelpoutwhenneeded.Asafriend,yousimplyfollowtheageoldpieceofadvice“tohaveafriend,youmustfirstbeafriend”.____19____Thatwanttohelpattitudewillputyouwithlikemindedindividualswhoyou’llprobablyhititoffwith.Themainthingtorememberisgreatinterpersonalrelationshipscangetformedanylaceorsituationwhereyouinteractwithotherpeople.____20____A.That’showinterpersonalrelationshipaffectsyou.B.Interpersonalrelationshipsservetoeasepeople’sanxiety.C.Forinstance,ensureyouareagoodpersontoworkwith.D.Alloftheseareexamplesofstronginterpersonalrelationships.E.Putsomeeffortintoitandyou’dbeamazedathowthatpaysoffF.Aninterpersonalrelationshipisastrongassociationbetweenpeople.G.Ifyou’reonateam,itshouldbesomethingyou’dliketohelpoutwith.【答案】16.F17.D18.C19.G20.E【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是人与社会。主题语境的内容是发展人际关系，本文主要介绍了幸福的最大关键之一是拥有强大的人际关系；人际关系是过充实、满足生活的关键。就像生活中任何值得拥有的东西一样，它们需要努力去开发和维护。【16题详解】过渡句。设空处前一句Inthespiritofclarity,it’sgoodideatotakeaquicklookatthedefinitionofinterpersonalrelationships.（本着清晰的精神，快速看一下人际关系的定义是一个好主意。）以及后一句Thiscanextendfromfamilytofriends,toworkassociates,toneighbors,orclubsandonandon.（这可以从家庭延伸到朋友、同事、邻居、俱乐部等等。）可知，F项Aninterpersonalrelationshipisastrongassociationbetweenpeople.（人际关系是人与人之间的一种强有力的联系。）设空处讲到人际关系的定义，后一句又对人际关系进行进一步的延伸。符合逻辑。故答案为F。【17题详解】细节句。Forinstance,I’vehadstrongshortlivedrelationshipswithpeopleI’veworkedwithonaprojectaswellasonefor50yearswithmybrother.MytwobestfriendsandIliveindifferentcitiesbut,wegettogetherseveraltimesayearandhaveagreattime.IhaveamentorIworkedwithoveradecadeagoIstillstayintouchwithbecausewegetalongsowell（例如，我和曾经一起做过一个项目的人有过短暂而牢固的关系，和我的兄弟也有过长达50年的关系。我和两个最好的朋友虽然住在不同的城市，但我们每年都要聚在一起几次，玩得很开心。我有一位十多年前共事过的导师，现在仍然保持联系，因为我们相处得很好。）本段第一句开始举例，设空处前讲到好的人际关系的例子，D项Alloftheseareexamplesofstronginterpersonalrelationships.（所有这些都是强有力的人际关系的例子）。设空处在本段最后进行总结。故答案为D项。【18题详解】过渡句。设空处前一句.Bestwaytoapproachitistobeagoodpartnerorfriendasthesituationdesires.（解决这个问题的最好办法是根据情况的需要成为一个好伙伴或好朋友）以及后一句（尽你的本分，帮助别人。）C项Forinstance,ensureyouareagoodpersontoworkwith.（例如，确保你是一个很好的合作伙伴。）设空处承接上一句成为一个好的合作伙伴，以及后一句好的合作伙伴应该帮助别人。故答案为C项。【19题详解】主旨句。由设空处后一句Thatwanttohelpattitudewillputyouwithlikemindedindividualswhoyou’llprobablyhititoffwith.（这种乐于助人的态度会让你和志趣相投的人在一起，你可能会很合得来。）可知本段主要讲解的是帮助别人。G项Ifyou’reonateam,itshouldbesomethingyou’dliketohelpoutwith.（如果你在一个团队里，那就应该是你愿意帮忙的事情。）符合题意。故答案为G。【20题详解】细节句。设空处前一句Themainthingtorememberisgreatinterpersonalrelationshipscangetformedanylaceorsituationwhereyouinteractwithotherpeople.（最重要的是要记住，良好的人际关系可以在你与他人互动的任何场合形成。）E项Putsomeeffortintoitandyou’dbeamazedathowthatpaysoff（付出一些努力，你会惊奇地发现这是多么值得。）E项是对上文的补充说明。故答案为E项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Iefromabrokenfamilythatmanywouldconsiderdysfunctional(失衡）attheveryleast:marriage,divorce,etc.Afterwegrewup，mythreesiblingsandIcouldgoyears___21___speaking.Andthatiswherethisstory___22___MysisterJeanneandIwerebornonly14months___23___.butbythetimewewereteenagersWehadlost___24___.Byage19,IhadmovedawayfromourhomeinWisconsintoliveonmyfather'shorsefarminVirginia.Welivedseparateandourconnectionsomehowended.Fastforwardaboutfiveyears,Iwas24andon___25___withmyfiance(未婚天）toNewYorkCity,aplaceIhadneverbeento.Duringadayofsightseeing,wewerecrossingavery___26___streetloadedwithpeople.Ihadlaughedatsomethingmyfiancesaid,andI___27___heardmynameyelledfromsomewherearoundme:"Cheryl!"I___28___inmystepsinthemiddleoftheroad.Tears___29___inmyeyes.Iknewwithouta______30______thatitwasmysisterJeanne.Iyelledbackbeforeeventurningtolook."Jeanne?Itwasher.Ilateraskedhowshe'dknownitwasmeshe______31______sawme!Shesaiditwasmy______32______Iwouldn'tsaymylaughisallthat______33______,butIguesstoafamilymemberit'sinfectious.It______34______yourheartandresonates(共鸣）inyourmind.Sincethattime,mysisterandIhaveneverbeen______35______.WebothmovedbacktoWisconsin.We______36______daily.Manyyearshavepassed,andwearenowinour50s.Butourmeeting______37______wasn'tjustasign.Iseeitasmoreofa______38______,aremindernottolosetouchwithlovedones.Itistooeasytoremain______39______.Afteroursistertosister______40______,Idon'tplantoletthathappenagain.21.A.by B.after C.without D.beyond22.A.ends B.begins C.twists D.spreads23.A.ago B.away C.ahead D.apart24.A.heart B.home C.touch D.interest25.A.team B.trip C.date D.picnic26.A.busy B.dark C.empty D.quiet27.A.readily B.finally C.suddenly D.naturally28.A.fell B.froze C.struggled D.hesitated29.A.cameabout B.welledup C.ranaway D.streamedback30.A.word B.break C.care D.doubt31.A.never B.often C.seldom D.already32.A.shape B.clothing C.look D.laugh33.A.clear B.pleasant C.bright D.unusual34.A.hits B.lifts C.breaks D.cures35.A.separated B.bothered C.suspected D.united36.A.work B.travel C.play D.talk37.A.bymistake B.bychance C.onschedule D.onpurpose38.A.change B.result C.lesson D.coincidence39.A.lost B.touched C.broken D.loved40.A.circle B.theory C.miracle D.move【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.C25.B26.A27.C28.B29.B30.D31.A32.D33.D34.A35.A36.D37.B38.C39.A40.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和姐姐因为家庭原因住在不同的地方，失去了联系。五年后在繁忙的纽约街道，姐姐在人群中一眼就认出了作者，两姐妹欣喜重逢之后一直住在一起。故事反映了家人之间的血脉亲情是不可磨灭的。【21题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：在我们长大之后，我跟我的三个兄弟姐妹失去了联系好几年。A.by在……旁边；B.after在……之后；C.without没有；D.beyond超出。根据前文的“Iefromabrokenfamilythatmanywouldconsiderdysfunctional(失衡）attheveryleast:marriage,divorce,etc.”可知，作者的家庭支离破碎，父母离异导致兄弟姐妹分离，所以好几年都没有联系，也就是没有交流。故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那就是故事开始的地方。A.ends结束；B.begins开始；C.twists扭，搓；D.spreads传播，扩散。根据下文内容可知，作者要讲述的是与姐姐阔别重逢的故事，这个故事开始于她们分离之后。故选B项。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的姐姐Jeanne和我出生时间只相差14个月。A.ago之前；B.away远离；C.ahead领先；D.apart相隔，相距。根据“born”及“14months”可知作者要表示的是两姐妹年龄相差14个月，所以apart符合句意。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是到我们变成少年的时候，我们失去了联系，A.heart心脏；B.home家;C.touch联系；D.interest兴趣。根据后文的“Byage19,IhadmovedawayfromourhomeinWisconsintoliveonmyfather'shorsefarminVirginia.Welivedseparateandourconnectionsomehowended.”可知，作者在19岁的时候搬去了Wisconsin跟父亲一起生活，和姐姐分开了，联系也中断了。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快大约五年过去了，我24岁了，和我的未婚夫去了我从没去过的纽约旅行。A.team团队；B.trip旅行；C.date约会；D.picnic野餐。根据后文的“Duringadayofsightseeing”可知，作者和未婚夫是去纽约观光，也就是去旅行了。故选B项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某天的观光中，我们正穿过一条非常繁忙的挤满了人的街道。A.busy繁忙的；B.dark黑暗的；C.empty空的；D.quiet安静的。根据句中的“loadedwithpeople”可知，街道上人来人往，可推断是一条繁忙的街道。故选A项。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在笑话我未婚夫说的一些事情，突然我听到我的名字从我周围的某个地方被大声喊出来。A.readily欣然地；B.finally最终；C.suddenly突然；D.naturally自然地。根据前文的“Ihadlaughedatsomethingmyfiancésaid”可知，作者当时因为未婚夫说的一些话而发笑，所以听到自己名字被喊是一件很突然的事。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在路中间顿住了我的步伐。A.fell掉落；B.froze冻住；C.struggled挣扎；D.hesitated犹豫。根据后文的“Tears___9___inmyeyes.Iknewwithouta___10___thatitwasmysisterJeanne.Iyelledbackbeforeeventurningtolook.‘Jeanne?Itwasher.’”可知，当时作者眼眶湿润，甚至都没有回头就喊出了Jeanne的名字，可见作者的激动和开心，所以听到名字的瞬间就顿住了脚步；此处的froze原意为冻住，此处延伸为“顿住，停止不动”的意思。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：眼泪从我的眼眶里面涌出。A.cameabout产生；B.welledup涌出，流出；C.ranaway逃跑；D.streamedback回流。根据后文的“Iyelledbackbeforeeventurningtolook.”可知，作者在听到自己名字的瞬间就确定是自己的姐姐并且迫不及待喊出了姐姐的名字，可推断作者当时的激动之情，所以眼泪涌出来能形象地体现作者的激动之情。故选B项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我毫无疑问，那是我的姐姐Jeanne。A.word单词，一句话；B.break破裂；C.care关心；D.doubt疑问。根据后文“Iyelledbackbeforeeventurningtolook.”可知，作者很确定喊自己名字的是自己的姐姐，所以没有回头确认就喊出了姐姐的名字。故选D项。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我后来问她是怎么知道那个人是我的她都没见过我！A.never从不；B.often经常；C.seldom很少；D.already已经。根据前文的“Welivedseparateandourconnectionsomehowended.”可知，作者和姐姐分离之后，联系也断了，可推断在这期间，姐妹两人并从未见过彼此。故选A项。【32题详解