2023年上海市中考英语二轮综合复习-12 阅读理解A篇之说明文（学生版）

重难点12阅读理解A篇之说明文(学生版)

(建议用时：30分钟)

命题趋势

中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通

过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A,B,

C,D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求

阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。

满分技巧

四种题型：

1∙细节理解题

☆考察方面：学生对相关信息的识别能力，答案一般可在原文定位到

☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断

☆干扰选项：一般与文中观点相反，不符，未涉及，特征是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏

概全，扩大内容

解题技巧：

通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：

1.五个W(who,which,when,where,what)和一个H(how)；

2.数字、日期、时间等；

3.注意加强语气的词，运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是最佳答案。

2.词句猜测题

此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义，常用的方法是多种表达

法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。

解题技巧：

1.正确理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解，

推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。

2.根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：

(1)注意定义和解释；

(2)同义词或近义词的提示；

(3)近义词和反义词的提示；

(4)利用悬念的属种关系；

(5)借助已有知识或生活常识。

3.推理判断题(不要自行推理+过度推理)

☆考察方面：透过文章的信息进入深刻的分析，归纳和推断得解

☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断

解题技巧：

1.分析文章的主旨。

2.分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。

3.寻找文章的逻辑思路。

4.核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。

4.主旨大意题(BeSttitle)

☆考察方面：学生对文章主旨的驾驭能力，答案一般需要合理的归纳和总结得到

☆答题事项：通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视域要宽，紧抓对主题句搜索，

按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声，指读，复视或停顿。

限时检测

一、阅读单选

TeaisanimportantpartofChinesetradition.TeahasverycloserelationshiptoChineseculture.

ItissaidthatChineseteawasdiscoveredbyKingShenNong.Peoplesaythathelived5,000yearsago.One

summerday,whilehewasvisitingafarawaypartofhiscountry,hefeltverythirsty.Theservantsbegantomake

waterhotenoughtoturnintogasforhimtodrink.Driedleavesfromanearplantfellintothewater.Theking

dranksome,andfounditcouldmakehimfeellesstired.Alsoasascientist,ShenNongwasinterestedinthenew

drink.Andso,teawasdiscoveredin2737BC.

Drinkingteahasmanyadvantages.Itmakespeoplefeellesstired,clearsheatinsidethehumanbodyand

helpspeopleloseweight.Asyouaddacupofteatoyourdailylife,pleasecheckthefollowinghelpfuladvice.

•Drinkithot.Teaoxidizes(氧化)quickly,soitissuggestedthatyoudrinkithot.

•Donotdrinktoomuchstrongtea.Itwillprobablybeharmfultoyourstomachandmakeyoufeelsickifyou

maketheteatoostrong.

•Thebesttimetodrinkteaisbetweenmeals.Itmaynotmakeyouhaveastrongwishtoeatwhenyour

stomachisempty,orcausestomachachewhenyourstomachisfull.

•Donotdrinkwithmedicine.Itmaychangethemedicalresult.Youcandrinkteatwohoursafteryoutake

medicine.

•Greenteaisthebestchoiceforofficeworkers.Why?Becausegreenteahelpsstopthebadresultofthe

computer.

1.Paragraph（段落）2ismainlyabout.

A.whenKingShenNonglived

B.whereChineseteawascreated

C.howChineseteawasdiscovered

D.whyKingShenNongdranktea

2.DrinkingteahaslotsofadvantagesEXCEPT.

A.helpingyouloseweight

B.lettingyoufeellesstired

C.havingastrongwishforfood

D.clearingheatinsideyourbody

3.Mr.Smithisacomputerteacher.He,dbetterdrink.

A.greentea

B.blacktea

C.strongtea

D.coffeewithmilk

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.ShenNongdidn,tlikethenewdrink.

B.Thebesttimetodrinkteaisbeforemeals.

C.Drinkteahotbecauseitoxidizesquickly.

D.Weshoulddrinkteawithmedicine.

5.Thepassageismainlywrittento.

A.letusknowhowteawasdiscovered

B.givesomeadviceaboutdrinkingtea

C.tellpeoplethehistoryoftea

D.advisepeopletodrinkgreentea

Gulangyu,abeautifulisland,wassuccessfullylistedintheUNESCOWorldHeritageListonJuly8th,2017.

It,snotonlytheprideofmyhometown,buttheprideofthewholenation.

GulangyuisseparatedfromXiamenbythe600-metre-wideEgretRiver（鹭江）,withanareaof1.91square

kilometers.It,slikeagardenonthewater.Youcangothereonlybyship.Cars,busesandbikesarenotallowedto

runontheisland.Itissoquietthatwhereveryougo,youcanhearthesoundofplayingthepiano.Asaresultof

this,itiscalled“theislandofιnusic,,∙

ThefirstnameoftheislandwasYuanZhouZi.IntheMingdynasty,itwaschangedtoGulangyu,meaning

ςςdrumwaves,,∙Becausetheholesinthesouthwesternreefshitbythewavesmakesoundslikethedrumbeating.

Today,Gulangyuislistedasoneofthenation'smajortravellingplaces.Themainplacesofinteresthere

includetheSunlightRock,ShuzhuangPark,PianoMuseumandMemorialHalltoZhengChenggongwhichare

visitedbymillionsofpeoplefromallpartsofthecountιyandtheworld.What,smore,thebuildingsandfoodare

popularwithvisitors.

Therefore,Ihopeourgovernmentcanprotectthefairylandwell,especiallytheenvironment.

6.Wheredoesthewritercomefrom?

A.Beijing.B.Fujian.C.Japan.D.ɪdon,tknow.

7.WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.TheareaofGulangyuislessthan2squarekilometers.

B∙Gulangyuishonouredas“theislandofmusic^^and“agardenonthewater”.

C.GulangyugotitsnameintheTangdynasty.

D.GulangyuisontheUNESCOWorldHeritageListnow.

8.Theunderlinedword”reef⅛''inParagraph3probablymeans“,,inChinese.

A.暗礁B.沙滩C.建筑D.渔船

9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Gulangyudoesn,thavealonghistory.

B・Visitorsdon,tlikethebuildingsontheisland.

C.Gulangyuisfamousallovertheworld.

D.Thewriterisn,tworriedabouttheenvironmentalproblem.

10.Wheremaythepassagebefrom?

A.Astorybook.B.Aposter.C.Adiary.D.Ablog.

“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.^^Friendsareimportanttous.Friendshelpusgetthroughhardtimes.

Friendsalsoinfluenceusalot.Let,senjoytwopoemsaboutfriendship.

ATimetoTalkByRobertFrost

曲,赠WhenafriendcallstomefromtheroadAnd

魁I汪slowshishorsetoameaningwalk,Idon,tstand

:伦

alstillandlookaroundOnaiithehillsIhaven't

ToWangLun

I,LiBai,sitaboardashipabouttogo,Whensuddenlyhoed,AndshoutfromwhereIam,whatisit?

onshoreyourfarewellsongsyourfarewell.HoweverdeepNo,notasthereisatimetotalk.

（把锄头插

theLakeofPeachBlossomsmaybe,Itisnotsodeep,OIthrustmyhoeinthemellowground

WangLun!入松土）.Blade（刀片）-endupandfivefeettali,

Asyourloveforme.Andplod（吃力行进）:Igouptothestonewall

forafriendlyvisit.

Bothpoemsarefamousintheircultures,buttheytelldifferentstories.LiBaidescribedthescene（场景）of

hisfriendseeinghimoff.USpoetRobertFrostwroteaboutafriend,svisitwhenhewasworking.Limadea

comparison.Hispoemshowsthefriendshipbetweenhimandhisfriendisdeeperthanthedeepwater.Frost,s

poem,ontheotherhand,tellsthereadersthatweshouldstopwhatwearedoingtotalkwithourfriends.Ittellsus

thatnothingshouldgetinthewayofspendingtimewithfriends.Thelanguageissimplebutsincere.

11.Whatarefriendsinthepassage?

φFriendsareinneed.©Friendsareimportanttous.

③FriendSinfluenceusalot.©Friendshelpusgetthroughhardtimes.

A.①②③B.0@④C.①③④D.②③④

12.WhatscenedidLiBaidescribeinthepoem?

A.Shipsonthelake.B.WangLunseeinghimoff.

C.PeachBlossoms.D.SongssungbyWangLun.

13.WhatisdeeperthantheLakeofPeachBlossomsinthefirstpoem?

A.Friendship.B.Culture.C.Meaning.D.Comparison.

14.AccordingtoRobertFrost,whichoneistherightwaytotreatsomeoneWecareabout?

A.Standstillandlookaround.B.Finishtheworkthentalk.

C.Stopandhaveafriendlyvisit.D.Hoehillsandnevershout.

15.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Theendofthefriendship.B.Thepopularityofthepoems.

C.Thecomparisonofpeople.D.Theanalysis（分析）ofthepoems.

Thedigitalindustryisdevelopingrapidly.Thereareoversevenmillionjobsinthecomputerscienceand

technologyindustriesintheUnitedStatesalone.Yetthereisstillagendergap（性别差异）whenitcomesto

womenintechnology.Thesewomenfacemanychallenges（挑战）and41%ofthemgiveuptrying.Sowhatcan

bedonetoclosethisgendergap?

First,womenneedtobeencouragedtoenterthefieldsofscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics

（STEM）,aswellascomputerscience.Ifssaidthat74%ofyoungwomenexpressinterestinSTEMsubjectsand

computerscience.However,womenholdonly18%ofundergraduate（本科）computersciencedegreesand26%

oftechnologyjobs.Earlyeducationmustconvey（传递）technologyasatoolthatcanbeusedtosolveproblemsin

reallife.

Manyyoungwomenareputoffbecausetheyregardthetechnologyasmen,sjob.Womenareshortofrole

models.Only5%oftechleadersarewomen.Theycanplayahugeroleforyoungwomenbygivingthem

encouragement,supportandguidance.Theycanalsohelpattractmorewomentogetintothefield.However,men

workinginthetechindustryhaveadutytolistentowomenandkeepacomfortableworkcultureaswell.

Ifwegoontoempower（授权）womeninthetechindustry,itwillbegoodforeveιyone.

16.Whatistherateofwomenwhogiveuptιyingintechnology?

A.5%,B.18%,C.26%,D.41%.

17.WhatisnotincludedinSTEM?

A.Science.B.English.C.Technology.D.Mathematics.

18.Whyareyoungwomendiscouragedfromworkingintechnologyindustries?

A.Becausetheyregardthetechnologyasmen,sjob.

B.BecausetherearemanywomenrolemodelsinIT.

C.Becausetheyarenotinterestedincomputerscience.

D.Becausetechnologyisuselessinsolvingreallifeproblems.

19.Whatdomenneedtodo?

A.Betechleaders.B.Replacewomen.C.Listentowomen.D.Attractmoremen.

20.Whatisthepassageabout?

A.GendergapinIT.B.ComputerScience.C.MoreEncouragement.D.TechWorkCulture.

Ahobbycanbealmostanythingapersonlikestodoinhisfreetime.Hobbyistskeeppets,buildmodelships,

watchbirds,climbmountains,growflowers,fish,ski,skate,swim,etc.Hobbyistsalsopaintpictures,attend

concertsandplaysandperformonmusicalinstruments.Theycollecteverythingfrombookstobutterflies,and

fromcoinstostamps.

Peoplehavehobbiesbecausetheseactivitiesofferenjoyment,friendship,knowledgeandrelaxation.

Sometimestheyevenmakesomemoneybyfollowingahobby.Hobbieshelppeoplerelaxafterhardwork,and

provideabalance（平衡）betweenworkandplay.Hobbiesalsooffermoreinterestingactivitiesforpersonswho

haveretired（退休）.Anyone,richorpoor,oldoryoung,sickorwell,canfollowaninterestinghobby.

Hobbiescanhelpapersonsmental（精神的）andphysicalhealth.Doctorshavefoundthathobbiesarehelpful

forpatientstorecover（恢复）fromphysicalormentalillness.Hobbiesgivepatientssomethingtodo,andprovide

interestthatkeepsthemfromthinkingaboutthemselves.

ɪnearlyyears,mostpeopleweretoobusymakingalivingtohavemanyhobbies.Butsomepersonswho

werefreeenjoyhobbies.

Peopletodayhavemoretimethanbeforeforhobbies.Machineshavereduced（减少）theamount（数量）time

theymustspendontheirjobs.Morepeopleretireatanearlieragethanbefore.Thosewhohavedevelopedhobbies

neverneedtoworryaboutwhattodowiththeirfreehours.

SirWilliamOsier,afamousCanadiandoctor,expressedthevalueofhobbiesbysaying,uNomanisreally

happyorsafewithoutahobby.^^

21.Accordingtothepassage,ahobbymaybe.

A.one,scommonactivityinhi