阅读理解之记叙文（原卷版）-2023年高考英语压轴题训练（全国卷）

压轴题02阅读理解之记叙文

老向打而

记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，记叙文就是

讲故事r，包括人物或故事情节。常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文学记叙文以

虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包

括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判

断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的

顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题

目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作

者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命

题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对

了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。

压轴题要颁

■要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是

我们在r阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。

1.关注细节

记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W(what,who,when,where,why)要素。因

此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。

2.注重联系

在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，

抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或

右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。

3.读懂表象

如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解

答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个

可选项中，一个一个地去证实,去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“Whatcanbeinfeπedfrom

或是Whatdoestheauthorimplyin…?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，

在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。

4.挖掘意义

每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素

昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。

小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者

一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。

,压轴题通骑

（2023-内蒙古赤峰•校联考三模）ShirleyRainesmakesthehomelesscommunityinLosAngeles,sskidrow

（贫民区）neighborhoodfeelhuman.SheisthefounderofBeauty2TheStreetz,anonprofitthatprovidesfree

food,clothing,hair,andmakeupservicestothehomeless.AndShirleyisnowtheCNNHerooftheYear.

In1990,Raines,2-year-oldsonDemetriuspassedawayfromaccidentalpoisoningwhileathisgrandma,s

house.ThiseventcreatedalotofpainforShirleyRaines.Thepainlastedformanyyears.Andshedidnotknow

whattodoaboutit.Shestruggledtounderstandwhatherpuψosewasinlife.Untiloneday...

Sixyearsago,Shirleyvisitedskidrowwithafriendfromchurchwhoaskedhertovolunteer.Shemetalotof

homelesspeopleandrealizedhowmuchhelptheyneeded.Notjustinfindingahome,butinfindingthemselves

andtheirownworthandbeauty.

ShirleystartedtovolunteereachSaturday.Asshegottoknowthehomeless,theyoftenpraisedhermakeup,

hair,andstyle.Shestartedtoofferto“makeUP“thehomeless.Theylovedit,shelovedit,theylovedherandshe

lovedthem.Shefoundpurpose.Soshestartedanoutdoorbeautysalontoservethehomeless,whichtookmostof

hersparetime.

RainesstartedsharinghereffortsonInstagramwithphotosandevenlive-streamingsomeofherevents.

Thingstookoff.SheformedhernonprofitBeauty2TheStreetz,andherfollowersquicklybegandonatingto

growShirley,simpact.Herfollowersgrewtoover200,000people,includingmanybeautyprofessionalssuchas

licensedhairstylists,barbers,make-upartists.Manyofthemregularlydonatemoneytokeeptheservicesrolling.

OthersdonatetheirtimetohelpShirleyservethehomeless.

Shirley,sboldness,courage,anddesiretotakeactionhaveledtomakingarealimpactonpeople,slives.And

shealsoservedasarolemodelandinspirationtoothers.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutBeauty2TheStreetz?

A.ItisformedbyShirleyandotherkindpeople.

B.Itaimstoservethehomelessinseveralways.

C.ItrecordssomeofShirley,sphotosandevents.

D.Itisagovernmentorganizationthathelpsthehomeless.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutShirley?

A.Shemainlyhelpedthehomelessmakeup.

B.Hersonpassedawayfromatrafficaccident.

C.Shejusthelpedthehomelessfindtheirhomes.

D.Sheregularlydonatedmoneytothehomeless.

3.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytalkabout?

A.Shirley,simpactonhercommunity.

B.ThewaysinwhichpeoplehelpShirley.

C.WhyShirleyfoundedBeauty2TheStreetz.

D.ThegrowingimpactofBeauty2TheStreetz.

4.WhatgoodqualitiesdoesShirleyhave?

A.Braveandsmart.B.Devotedandindependent.

C.Selflessandcaring.D.Ambitiousanddetermined.

（2023•内蒙古呼和浩特♦统考一模）“Didyouforgetyourname?nsomeoneaskedmeatanetworkingevent

afewyearsagoafterittookmealmostaminutetosayit."No,Istutter（口吃）,“Ipolitelyreplied.ThisiswhatI

havetofaceeveryday.SoIwasn,tupset.

ΓvestutteredsinceIwasthreeyearsold.Inmycase,stutteringusuallyshowsitselfintermsofrepetitions:

“MynameisS-S-S-S-Samuel.,,Insteadofbeingunhappyabouttheexperienceatthenetworkingevent,ɪfelt

proudthatΓdbroughtupmystuttering.ButIwasn,talwayssoforthcomingaboutit.Whenɪwasgrowingup,I

hardlyspoke.Whetheritwasatschooloratwork,Iavoidedmostsocialsituationsoutofembarrassmentandfear

ofbeinglaughedat.

ButthingsbecamedifferentafterIattendedtheNationalStutteringAssociationmeeting,thelargestgathering

ofstutterersworldwide.ItwasthefirsttimeI,dmetsomanyotherprofessionalswhostutter—lawyers,doctors,

actors,etc.—allinoneplace.Tomysuɪprise,everyonespokewithoutfearorembarrassment.Infact,theywere

proud.Stutteringwascelebrated.ThatwaswhenIfirstrealizedthatstutteringisn,tsomethingtobeashamedof.

IfsjustsomethingIhappentodo,andthat,sokay.

Thechangedidn,thappenovernight,butoverthelasteightyears,I,vestartedtobringupmystutteringmore.

Γvetalkedtofriendsandco-workers.I,vementioneditineveryorganizationΓveworkedfor.AndwhenItalk

aboutitwithothers,itencouragesthemtoopenup,too.Mystutteringhasallowedmetoconnectwithothersand

developstrongertieswiththem.

Don,tgetmewrong.It,sstillfrustratingwhenIknowexactlywhatIwanttosaybutIjustcan,tseemtoget

thewordsoutOfmymouth.ButtodayIdon,tletmystutteringholdmeback.Instead,ɪletitpushmeforwardand

helpmemakeprogress.

5.Bysaying“Iwasn,talwayssoforthcomingaboutit”,theauthormeans.

A.hewasonceanoutgoingperson

B.heregrettedtalkingabouthisstuttering

C.heusedtoavoidopeningupabouthisstuttering

D.hewasunwillingtoreceivecommentsonhisspeech

6.HowdidtheNationalStutteringAssociationmeetinginfluencetheauthor?

A.Hebegantomakefriendswithstutterers.

B.Helearnedsomeskillsatstoppingstutteringthere.

C.Itmadehimfocushisattentionongoodcomments.

D.Theconfidentstuttererschangedhisattitudetostuttering.

7.Whathappenedaftertheauthorstartedbringinguphisstuttering?

A.Hehasimprovedhisworkperformance.

B.Hebecamepopularamonghisco-workers.

C.Helearnedtoexpresshimselfwithsimplewords.

D.Hewasabletobuildacloserelationshipwithothers.

8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ThepowerofacceptingmystutterB.Thechallengefromnormalpeople

C.SpecialwaystolivewithstutteringD.Myexperienceofovercomingstuttering

（2023•河南开封•统考二模）RuralPatagoniaisfamousforitswonderfulnature.AGooglesearchfor

ςςbicycletourPatagonia^^ledmyfriendRachelandmetotheCarreteraAustral:a770-milestretchofmostly

unpavedhighway.WepackedourbikesintohoxesandflewtoPuertoMonti,aportcitysome650milessouthof

Santiago.Fromthere,WecontinuedsouthforseveraldaysandsetfootontheCarretera.

Ittookabouttwoweekstocycletheroutethroughwildforests,windsweptplains,andsnow-capped

mountains.OnourlastfulldayalongtheCarretera-andthreedaysintoaconstantrainstorm-wefoundourselvesat

alossforwheretosleep.Wewerecoldandwet.

Wewerestill30milesfromVillaO,Higgins,whichmarkedtheendoftheCarreteraandthepromiseofahot

shower.Fromthere,we,drideabout600milesfurtheralongsomewhatbetterroadstoUshuaia.

TherewasnowayweweregoingtomakeO,Higginsbynightfall.Wehadn'tpassedanicecampsiteinhours.

We,djuststoppedbesideasmallstreamwhenwespottedacowboy-lookingmanwalkingoutofthetrees.Andwe

sawthatthestreamledtoasmallhouse.Themancametotheroad.ttDoyouknowadryplacetocamp?”Rachel

asked.

Themaninvitedusintohishome.Wesharedhotchocolateandconversationinhiswarm,roughkitchen.He

broughtoutanoldcopyofPatagonJournal,andwewereamazedtoseeaphotoofourhost,ErasmoBetancourt,

onthecover.Itturnsoutthatournewfriendwasawell-knowncowboy-tumed-activistwhohadbeenan

outspokenopponentofthedamming（筑坝）ofPatagoniazsrivers.Inrecentdecades,localfarmers,fishermen,and

conservationistshavefiercelyresistedtheconstructionOfhydroeIeCtriC（使用水力发电的）damsontheregion,s

mightyrivers.Ouradventurewouldn'thavebeenpossibleifnotfortheirfierceloveofthisbeautifullandand

devotiontoitsprotection.

Thenextmorning,wethankedourhostandhittheroad.IsthereanywhereonEarthsoremotethatone

cannotencounterhumanity?

9.WhereweretheauthorandRachelheadedthenextday?

A.Ushuaia.B.Santiago.

C.PuertoMontt.D.VillaO,Higgins.

10.WhatwasthemajorproblemfacingtheauthorandRachelthatnight?

A.Wheretofindadrycampsite.

B,Howtosatisfytheirhunger.

C.Howtofindtheirwayintheforest.

D.Wheretogetsomedrinkingwater.

11.WhatwasBetancourfsattitudetobuildinghydroelectricdamsonPatagonia,srivers?

A.Supportive.B.Disapproving.

C.Tolerant.D.Uncertain.

12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Damsonmightyriversruinedouradventure.

B.AbicycletourofPatagoniarevealednaturetous.

C.Acowboy-turned-activistsavedPatagonia,srivers.

D.WeencounteredkindnessinoneofthewildestplacesonEarth.

（2023•河南郑州•统考二模）ɪneverimaginedthatsomeonetellingmeIlookedskinnywouldangerme.

Andyet,Iwasmadeveryangrywhenacolleaguepinchedmywaistandscreamed,4ςRosa,you,velostweight.

Youlookgreat.^^InThetruthisthatIwastiredandnottakingcareofmyself.Idecidedtostartaproper

weight-lossprogram.

Thefirsttogowouldberoadrage.Iaminfarlesscontrolofthisweightthananyother.Everytime

somethinggetsinmypath,IflyOffthehandle.Ineedtolosetheroadrage,andfast!No,nomorespeed.Instead,I

nowrepeatthewords:44Iamnotinahurry.^^Thisyear,Iwilldrivesafely,allowing"stupid“tohappenallaround

me.Fromthat,Ihopetogainpatience.

Nextisguilt.Whenguiltdrivesmyconsciencetodobetter,it,sfunctional.Butwhenitpresentsitselfasan

internaldialoguethatgoesnowhere,it,suseless.Thisyear,ɪwanttostopfeelingguiltyfornotkeepingacleaner

house,forspendingtimeawayfrommychildrentobewithfriends,fornotattendingeverypartybecauseΓd

ratherbeathome,orforwatchingTVwhenIshouldbereading.Myimageandperformancearenotatthefrontof

anyoneelse,smindbutmyown.Fromthis,Ihopetogainfreedomtobemyself.

Thelastisfear.Fearhasheldmeback.Fearoffailurehaspreventedmefrombeingawriter.Fearof

embarrassmenthaspreventedmefromgivinganopinion.Fearofrejectionhasstoppedmefromaiminghigherin

mylife.Fearofregrethasledmeintosituationsthatmademeuncomfortable.IfIcanloseanyoneofthesefears,

Istandtogainexperience.

So,ifIcanlosetherage,shakeoffsomeguilt,andlakefearoffmyplate,Istandtogainpatience,freedom,

andexperience.PoundforpoundɪhavenotlostathingbutIwillbemuchlighter.Nexttime,Ihopemycolleague

looksmeintheeyetoseemyglowinsteadofpinchingpartofmethathasnothingtodowithhowgreatIreally

look.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“flyoffthehandle,'inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Pickupspeed.B.Driveoff.

C.Feelquitenervous.D.Becomeveryangry.

14.Whathasmadetheauthorfeelguiltybefore?

A.Attendingtoomanyparties.B.Readingmuchwithherchildren.

C.WastinghertimeinwatchingTV.D.Spendinglittletimewithherfriends.

15.Howhasfearaffectedtheauthor?

A.Ithaspreventedherachievinghergoals.

B.Ithasstoppedherfurtheringhereducation.

C.Ithasmadeitdifficultforhertomakefriends.

D.Ithascausedhertoquitherdreamofbeingateacher.

16.Whatdoestheauthorexpecttogainfromherweight-lossprogram?

A.Respect.B.Independence.C.Optimism.D.Tolerance.

（2022•宁夏银川・银川一中校考三模）There'snoagelimitonbeinganamazingmodel,anda

great-grandmotherinCaliforniaiscertainlyprovingthat.HeleneSimon,99,wasrecentlyphotographedasoneof

beautybrandSaie,slatestfaces.

Inthecampaignimages,sheisseenwearingacrispwhiteblouseandabeadednecklacealongwiththe

cosmeticcompany,snewestproducts.She,salsoseenshowingajoyfulsmileandgreatmodelposes.

ςςIlovedbeingonset（在片•场）JSimonsaid.ςςThephotographerwasincredibleandsofun.Itdefinitelywas

atreattogetmyhairandmake-updone.^^

SimonactuallyhappenstobeSaie,sfounderLaneyCrowelΓsgreat-grandmother,andLaneydecidedtoask

SimontomodelafterherInstagramcommunityrespondedwithanoverwhelming"yes"whensheaskedifher

great-grandmothershouldbeSaie,snextmodel.

ThiswasSimon,sfirst-evermodelingperformance,andwheninitiallyapproachedshesaid''absolutelynof,.

“IthinkIlaugheditoff.Thenmygreat-granddaughterpersistedandencouragedmetoshowtheworldthat

99-year-oldwomenshouldstillberepresented.^^

Sincemakinghermodelingdebut（首次亮相）,Saiehasreceivedlotsoffeedback."Aw,thisbroughttearsto

myeyes!”"HiNanna,youaremygoal,“someonecommented.Anotherchimedindemanding,44MoreNanna

please!,,anothercommentersaid,ςςIlovethispostwithallmyheart.Maysheliveto120!”Manyothersechoed

thewordswithsimilarsentiments.

Afterreceivingallthepositivefeedbackfromherfirstmajormake-upmodelingperformance,Simonsaid”It

issuchathrill.,,andsheissosurprisedbyallofthepeoplesendingnotesandmessagesthattheyhaveseenher

imagesandareinspiredbythem.Whenaskedifshewouldcontinuetodomoremodelinginthefuture,Simon

happilyresponded,"Neversaynever!^^

17.WhatdoesSimonthinkofthemodelingprocess?

A.InterestingB.ExhaustingC.InspiringD.Stressful

18.WhatcontributestoLaneyCrowell,schoosingSimonasthemodel?

A.Simonhasagreattalentforbeingamodel.

B.SimonisLaneyCrowelFsgreat-grandmother.

C.Laneyneededanelegant99-year-oldwoman.

D.Laney,sfansagreedonhergreat-grandmotherbeingthemodel.

19.WhatwasSimon,sfirstreactionwhenaskedtobeamodel?

A.Shehesitatedoverit.

B.Shethoughtlittleofit.

C.Sheacceptedithappily.

D.Sherefusedimmediately.

20.WhatdoesSimon,sstoιyshow?

A.Wherethereisawillthereisaway.

B.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

C.Youshouldneversetlimitsonyourself.

D.Yourdefeatnowisyourvictorytomorrow.

（2022•宁夏石嘴山•石嘴山市第三中学校考模拟预测）Ifs6p.m.onaFriday,andratherthanheading

homeafteralongworkweek,ReneeDixon,apreschooldirectorinIndianapolis,startshersecondjobasanUber

driver.

ThemoneyDixonearnsasadriverdoesnotgointoherownpocket.Instead,sheusesittobuyholidaygifts

andwinterclothingforall50ofherstudents.tςSomanyfamiliesdon,thavemoneytogetChristmaspresentsthis

year.Someparentshavelosttheirjobs,andothershavehadtheirwagescutback,“DixonSaid."Alotofthem

comefromlow-incomefamiliesandarebelowthepovertyline.”

Thecoronaviruspandemic,shesaid,hasincreasedtheneed.ςςAsfaraspresentsgo,alotofthesekidsare

likelytogetnothingthisyear.Iknowhowthatfeels/9saidDixon.4ςBeingadriverinthisspecialperiod,Ihavemy

ownstrictrules,,,shesaid.Inhercar,mask-wearingisrequired.Eachpassengermustsanitize（消毒）theirhands

uponenteringthecar,andsheuseswipestocleanthebackseatanddoorhandlesbetweeneachride.Plus,she

keepsthewindowsopenacracktocirculatefreshair.

Notonlywillhereffortsbringjoytothechildren,butthegiftswillalsolessenthegreatpressureparentsfeel

atthistime.AlongsidethemoneyDixonhasearnedthroughdriving,severalpeopleinthecommunityhave

donatedmoneyorofferedtobuygiftsforthestudents,includingEvaCheung.Shequicklydecidedtogetinvolved

afterhearingaboutDixon,seffortsthroughDixon,shusband.Shesaid,ςςYoureadaboutpeoplelikeRenee,but

whenyouarefinallyabletoconnectwithsomebodylikethatandhelpfillfilltheirvision,it,sanamazingfeeling.^^

"EverythingΓmdoingisforthesekidsrightnow,“Dixonsaid."TheirWorldhasIUmedUDSidedown,andit,s

nofaultoftheirown.Theydeservethisfromme.^^

21.WhydidDixonstarthersecondjobasadriver?

A.Togetgiftsforherstudents.B.Tosupportpoorlocalworkers.

C.Toearnmoremoneyforherfamily.D.Tohelppeoplecontrolthenewdisease.

22.WhatisDixon,stopconcernwhendriving?

A.Speed.B.Pay.C.Health.D.Convenience.

23.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Theirparentshaverequiredthemtostudyharder.

B,Theirlifegetsworseduetothepandemic.

C.Theyareforcedtoleaveschoolearly.

D.Theyhavetoearnalivingbythemselves.

24.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeEvaCheung?

A.caringandindependentB.considerateandmodest

C.giftedandambitiousD.inspiringandgenerous

（2023•陕西西安•统考二模）Dr.Ofri,snewbook,44SingularIntimacies:BecomingaDoctoratBcllevue,,,

recountsherexperiencesasadoctoratNewYork,sBellevueHospital.NPR,sMelissaBlock,hostofAllThings

Considered,recentlyspentadayatthehospitaltogetasenseofherworld,throughherrelationshipswithher

patients.

Dr.DanielleOfriisanattendingphysicianininternalmedicineatBellevue.Forher,poetryandliteratureare

asmuchapartofthejobasX-raysandpills.She,swrittenaboutherexperiencesthereinthebook,Singular

Intimacies:BecomingaDoctoratBellewe.Ifsacollectionofessaysaboutlearningtolistentothenarrativeof

herpatients.

Dr.Ofritriestokeepanearturnedtothestoriesbehindherpatients9medicalcomplaints.Answersto

questionsaboutfamilyorjobsmaynothelpwithmedicaldiagnosis,butconversationslikethesecanhelpgaina

patient,strust,andtheyhelpthedoctor,too.44Atnight,ɪrecallourconversations,andwonderwhatelseIcoulddo

forthem.Itmakesmecuriousaboutthem,^^Dr.Ofrisays,“sowhenɪgobackthenextday,Fmmoreconnected

withthem.AndIthinkaconnectionhashealingpowers.Mostofthepatientsbrighten,whentheytalkabout

themselvesandIthinktheyactuallyfeelbetter.^^

AgoodpartofDr.Ofri,sdayisalsospentoverseeingtheworkofnewdoctors.Thedaysarefilledwith

jargon（行、也术语）andmedicalshorthand.ButDr.Ofrialsotriestoinjectanotherkindoflanguageintothe

trainingpoetry.Shecarvesoutfiveminutesorsoeachdaytogatherwithherinternsandreadapoem.Shecallsit

her"literaryrounds,,∙Throughthesebriefpausesintheday,shesaysshe,sgivingherstudentsς4achancetoletthe

otherpartoftheirbrainfloweralittlebit”.“I'mjusthopingtheexperienceofdoingthatishelpful,andalsotrains

mystudentstolistenmorecarefullytopatients.^^shesaid.

25.WhydidMelissaBlockrecentlygotoBellevueHospital?

A.TomakefriendswithDr.Ofri.B.Toreceivemedicaltreatment.

C.ToknowaboutDr.Ofri,sexperiences.D.Tocollectessaysontreatment.

26.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlyfocuson?

A.Thestoriesbehindillnesses.B.Theeffectoffamilyandjobs.

C.Thebenefitsoflisteningtopatients.D.Thehealingpowersofconversations.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordςςinjecf,inparagraph4mean?

A.Cut.B.Change.C.Accept.D.Add.

28.WhydoesDr.Ofrihold"literaryrounds”fornewdoctors?

A.Toencouragethemtowritebooks.B.Toimprovetheirhumanisticquality.

C.Tbprepareanentirecareerforthem.D.Tomaketheirbraingrowandflower.

（2023•陕西西安•统考二模）KalahasdeeptiestoherHawaiianroots.Herancestorsnavigated（航行）the

oceansforcenturiesusingtheirknowledgeofthestars,thesun,thecurrentsandthewind.It,snotthatshedoesit

inacanoewithouttechnology,butratherusesthenaturaltechnologyaroundher.It,scalledWayfinding,andwas

taughttoherbyherfather.

“Myfatherwasmyfoundation,myrock.,,s