2023年上海市中考英语二轮综合复习-13 阅读理解A篇之议论文（教师版）

重难点13阅读理解A篇之议论文(教师版)

(建议用时:30分钟)

r----------------------------B&BK

命题趋势

中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通

过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A,B,

C,D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求

阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。

满分技巧

/__/

四种题型：

L细节理解题

☆考察方面：学生对相关信息的识别能力，答案一般可在原文定位到

☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断

☆干扰选项：一般与文中观点相反，不符，未涉及，特征是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏

概全，扩大内容

解题技巧：

通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：

1.五个W(who,which,when,where,what)和一个H(how)；

2.数字、日期、时间等；

3.注意加强语气的词，运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是最佳答案。

2.词句猜测题

此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义，常用的方法是多种表达

法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。

解题技巧：

1.正确理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解，

推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。

2.根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：

(1)注意定义和解释；

(2)同义词或近义词的提示；

(3)近义词和反义词的提示；

(4)利用悬念的属种关系；

(5)借助已有知识或生活常识。

3.推理判断题(不要自行推理+过度推理)

☆考察方面：透过文章的信息进入深刻的分析，归纳和推断得解

☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断

解题技巧：

1.分析文章的主旨。

2.分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。

3.寻找文章的逻辑思路。

4.核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。

4.主旨大意题(BeSttitle)

☆考察方面：学生对文章主旨的驾驭能力，答案一般需要合理的归纳和总结得到

☆答题事项：通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视域要宽，紧抓对主题句搜索,

按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声，指读，复视或停顿。

限时检测

一、阅读单选

Inmyopinion,thewheelisthemostimportantthingthathumanbeingshaveeverinvented.Itmightseem

strangetosaythatsomethingsosimple-lookingandsoordinary（普通的）couldbesoimportant.Butifyou

considerthefollowingpoints,youwillprobablyagreewithme.

Firstly,wheelsinfluencealmosteverypartofourlives.Wheelsareused,forexample,inclocks,engines（发

动机）andtrucks.Ifyouvisitjustonefactory,youwillseehowimportantwheelsare.Youwillseewheelson

almosteverymachine.

Secondly,wheelsplayagreatpartinfoodproduction.Wheelsareusedtogrind（磨碎）differentkindsofcorn

intoflour（面粉）.Theyarethenusedtomixflourandotherfoodsintobread.Wealsoneedwheelstotransportthe

wheat.IfWedidnothavethewheel,Wewouldhavemuchdifficultyinfoodproduction.

Thirdly,ourworldwouldbecompletelydifferentifWedidnothavethewheelfortransport.Beforethewheel

wasinvented,peopleusedtohavetotravelonfootorbyridingonananimal.ThatiswhatWewouldbedoing

nowifWedidnothavethewheel.Everythingwouldtakelongertodo.

WewouldbebacktotheStoneAgeifsomeofourcleverancestors(祖先)hadnotinventedthewheel.Our

modemworldwouldsimplybeimpossible.Thewheelissurelythemostimportantinventionofalltime.

1.Howdoesthewriterstartthepassage?

A.Bytellingastory.B.Bymakingareport.C.Bygivinganopinion.D.Byofferingasuggestion.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantinafactory?

A.Theclock.B.Thetruck.C.Theengine.D.Thewheel.

3.HowmanyusesofwheelsarementionedinParagraph3?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatwaslifelikebeforewheelswereinvented?

A.Safe.B.Busy.C.Slow.D.Dangerous.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestshowthestructureofthepassage?

(Pl=Paragraph1P2=Paragraph2P3=Paragraph3P4=Paragraph4P5=Paragraph5)

【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.C5.A

【导语】本文是议论文，作者从机械设备、食物生产、旅行等方面论述了轮子是最重要的发明之一。

I.推理判断题。根据"Inmyopinion,thewheelisthemostimportantthingthathumanbeingshaveever

invented.”可知，文章首段作者就提出了自己的观点，所以作者是通过给出观点来开始这篇文章的，故选

Co

2.推理判断题。根据“Ifyouvisitjustonefactory,youwillseehowimportantwheelsare.Youwillseewheels

onalmosteverymachine.”可知，轮子是工厂中最重要的部分。故选Do

3.推理判断题。根据"Wheelsareusedtogrind（磨碎）differentkindsofcornintoflour（面粉）.Theyarethen

usedtomixflourandotherfoodsintobread.WealsoneedwheelstotransporttheWheat.”可矢口，轮子有3种用

途，故选B。

4.推理判断题。根据"Beforethewheelwasinvented,peopleusedtohavetotravelonfootorbyridingonan

animal.Thatiswhatwewouldbedoingnowifwedidnothavethewheel.Evciythingwouldtakelongertodo.”

可知，在发明轮子前，人们的生活是很慢的。故选C。

5.篇章结构题。根据第一段首句“Inmyopinion,thewheelisthemostimportantthingthathumanbeingshave

eveɪ*invented."第二、三和四段首句“Firstly,"，"Secondly,,,,和“Thirdly,”，以及文章最后一段“Thewheelis

surelythemostimportantinventionofalltime.”可知，文章首段提出了观点，中间段分三部分解释了轮子的

用处，最后一段总结轮子的重要性，文章结构是总分总，故选A。

SchoolsinsouthernChinaareusing“smartunifbrms,,withchips（芯片）toknowexactlywherestudentsare.

Doyousupportit?

KongYuming,16:

Iamforthe"smartUnifbnTis”,becausetheycanhelptocreateasafecampus（校园）.Asweknow,what

parentscareaboutmostisthesafetyoftheirchildren.Wearingtheuniformswithchips,studentscanbelocated

（定位）byparentsatanytime.Itcanavoidstudentsfromgoingtoplaceswheretheyshouldn'tbe.

CongZhaohan915:

Whynothaveschooluniformswithchips?Theuniformcanfindstudentsandcheckwhattheyaredoing.It

canencouragestudentstocreatemorehigh-techproducts.WiththehelpoftheGPS,theycanhelptoprevent

crimesagainststudents.

ZhangXianghao918:

Idon,tagreewiththeidea.First,althoughsuchauniformcanhelpparentsknowwheretheirchildrenare,not

everyonelikesbeingwatched,especiallyteenagers.Theyaresensitive（敏感的）abouttheirprivatethings,ɪtcan

makethemfeeluneasy.Besides,itseemsthatsuchahigh-techproductwillcostalot,morethanpoorfamiliescan

afford.

ZhuYuanlong,17:

Iamagainstthisidea.Itislikelytoleak（泄露）personalinformation.Withthecomingofbigdata（数据），

informationhasbroughtconveniencetoourlives.Meanwhile,theproblemofpersonalinformationleakagehas

becomeserious.Themoreusersthereare,themoredangerousitwillbe.

6.Whatdoesthewriterwanttodowiththispassage?

A.Hewantstostartadiscussiononsmartuniforms.

B.Heintroducesanewproductcalledsmartuniforms.

C.Heisworriedaboutcampussafety.

D.Heistryingtointroducesomethingnew.

7.WhyisKongYumingforthesmartuniforms?

A.Theycansolvetheproblemsofschoolsafety.B.Theyaregoodforbothparentsandschools.

C.Hisparentswanttoknowwhereheisatanytime.D.Somestudentsbreakschoolrules.

8.What,sCongZhaohan,sopinion?

A.Hedoesn,tagreetowearsmartuniforms.

B.Hesupportstheideaofwearingsmartuniforms.

C.Hewantstodosomethingtopreventcrimesagainststudents.

D.Theuniformcanhelpstudentsbecomecleverer.

9.WhatisZhangXianghao,sworry?

A.Noteenagersliketobewatched.

B.Heismoresensitiveabouthisprivacy.

C.Poorfamiliesmaynotbeabletoaffordtheuniforms.

D.Parentshavetospendmoretimewatchingtheirchildren.

10.WhatdoesZhuYuanlongtellus?

A.Howpersonalinformationleaks.B.Whatconveniencebigdatacanbringus.

C.Howserioustheinformationleakageis.D.Whyheisagainstthesmartuniforms.

【答案】6.A7.B8.B9.C10.D

【导语】本文介绍几个学生对于带芯片的“智能校服”的看法。

6.推理判断题。根据"SchoolsinsouthernChinaareusing4smartuniforms9withchips（芯片）toknowexactly

wherestudentsare.Doyousupportit?”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了讨论智能校服的问题，故选A0

7.细节理解题。根据“Iamforthe'smartunifbrms,,becausetheycanhelptocreateasafeCamPUS（校园）.As

weknow,whatparentscareaboutmostisthesafetyoftheirchildren.Wearingtheuniformswithchips,students

canbelocated（定位）byparentsatanytime.Itcanavoidstudentsfromgoingtoplaceswheretheyshouldn,tbe.”

可知，KongYUming支持“智能校服”，因为它们可以帮助创建一个安全的校园；父母也能随时找到孩子。

故选B。

8.推理判断题。根据"Whynothaveschooluniformswithchips?Theunifbπncanfindstudentsandcheckwhat

theyaredoing.Itcanencouragestudentstocreatemorehigh-techproducts.WiththehelpoftheGPS,theycan

helptopreventcrimesagainstStUdentS.“可知，CongZhaohan支持穿智能校服，故选Bo

9.细节理解题。根据“Besides,itseemsthatsuchahigh-techproductwillcostalot,morethanpoorfamilies

Canaffbrd”可知，智能校服这样的高科技产品似乎会花费很多，超出贫困家庭的承受能力。故选C。

10.细节理解题。根据“Iamagainstthisidea.Itislikelytoleak（泄露）personalinformation.Withthecoming

ofbigdata（数据）,informationhasbroughtconveniencetoourlives.Meanwhile,theproblemofpersonal

infbπnationleakagehasbecomeserious.Themoreusersthereare,themoredangerousitwillbe.“可知，Zhu

YIIanIong介绍为什么他反对智能校服。故选D。

Choosethebestanswer（根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）

ShouldWe-chatshutdownthefeatures"likes”?

Forthepastfewyears,We-chathasgotusinterestedinthefeature“likes”.It'sthewaywehavedecidedhow

manypeoplethinkOurjourneysarefunandrecognizeournewitemsarecool.Whathappenswhenitisgone?

Researchersaredoingasurveytofigureoutwhetherthefeature“likes“shouldbeshutdown.

Itisreallyconvenientforustokeepintouchwitheachotherandshareourhappinessonacommonplatform

（平台）.Ourfaithfulfriendshipseemstobecomestronger,afterweinteract（互动）ontheplatformwith

likes.—Jennifer

“Likes"shouldbethere,becauseitispowerfulandgetsimmediatefeedback.Youimmediatelyfeelgood

aboutwhatyouwearandhowyoulook.

—Anne

Ifthereisno“likes”,teenagerswillmissit.InaWay,“likes“givesyouthesamekindoffeelingasachild

getsanice-cream.Myyoungersistersarealwayscomplainingaboutittome“Whynotgive4likes,tomy

PhOtOs?”

—Mik

Peoplearemoreconcernedabouthowmanylikestheyget.ςςIsnowagoodtimetopost?ShouldIremovemy

picturethatonlygot20"likes"?Postingaphotocanbeagreatstressforpeoplewhocareabout“likes”.—Tom

IthinkWe-chatshouldhidethelikes,becausefollowersmayfeelmorepressuretopickupthe“likes”.We

shouldnotfocusonhowmany“likes“thephotosgetbutonthephotosthemselves.

——Brook

Inmyopinion,We-chatshouldconsidermakingthesocialnetworklessstressfultouse.Usersare

sometimesforcedtojointhearmyof“likes”.Asforme,hiding“likes“willimproveourexperiences.

一Jack

IfWe-chatmovestohide“likes”,itcanencourageuserstopostmoremessagesandphotoswithoutbeing

worriedabouthowmanyςςɪikes^^theywillget.tςLikes^^isapartofit,butIdon'tthinkhiding“likes“isthekey

toCUringtheCUltUrearoundWe-chat.

一Cathy

11.Wecanpossiblyfindthispassagefroma/an.A.sciencefictionB.bookreview

C.newspaperD.advertisement

12.JenniferthinkshergoodfriendswillaftertheyinteractontheplatfbπnwithTikes”.

A.becomeevenworseB.becomeevencloser

C.becomeevencoolerD.becomeevenmoregentle

13.Theunderlineword"feedback-inthethirdparagraphmeans.

A.repliesB.materialsC.feelingD.knowledge

14.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtoMike?

A.Teenagerswon,tmissthe“likes”，ifitisshutdown.

B.Heisforcedtojointhearmyof“likes“sohefeelsstressful.

C.Heworriesabouthowmany“likes“hegets,afterpostingaphoto.

D.”Likes“bringshimgreatsatisfactionasachildgetsanice-cream.

15.Brookagreestohidethelikesbecause.

A.sheiscompletelycontrolledbythe“likes”.

B.shethinkshiding“likes“willimproveherexperiences.

C.shethinkstheusersshouldfocusonthephotosthemselves.

D.shethinkshiding“likes”canencourageuserstopostmorephotos.

16.Whatdoesthesentence:"butIdon'tthinkhiding“likes"isthekeytoCUringtheCUltUrearoundWe-Chat"in

thelastparagraphimply（隐含）?

A.ShepointsoutthebiggerproblemsofWe-chatbesidesthefeature“likes”.

B.ShetalksaboutmanyproblemsofWe-chatandhopestohide“likes“rightnow.

C.Shepushesthediscussionmuchfurtherandhopestosolvemoreseriousproblems.

D.ShepointsoutthewaytoencourageuserstopostphotosandmessagesonWe-chat.

【答案】11.C12.B13.A14.D15.C16.C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要针对微信是否应该关闭点赞功能展开叙述，七个人对此发表了不同的

看法。

11.推理判断题。根据"Forthepastfewyears,We-chathasgotUSinterestedinthefeature,,likes,,.It,stheway

wehavedecidedhowmanypeoplethinkOurjourneysarefunandrecognizeournewitemsarecool.Whathappens

whenitisgone?Researchersaredoingasurveytofigureoutwhetherthef⅛ature“likes"shouldbeshutdown.“可

知文章谈论的是大众话题，所以应该出自报纸。故选C。

12.细节理解题。根据“Ourfaithfulfriendshipseemstobecomestronger,afterWeinteractontheplatformwith

IikeS.”可知詹妮弗认为她的好朋友们在平台上点赞互动后会变得更加亲密。故选Bo

13.词义猜测题。根据"Likes"shouldbethere,becauseitispowerfulandgetsimmediatefeedback.You

immediatelyfeelgoodaboutwhatyouwearandhowyouIOOk."点赞'’应该在那里，因为它是强大的，可以得

到即时反馈。你立刻对自己的穿着和外表感到满意。可知第三段中带下划线的“feedback”一词表示

“replies”,回答；答复。故选A。

14.细节理解题。根据“Ifthereisno"IikCS”,teenagerswillmissit.Inaway,4ςlikes,,givesyouthesamekind

offeelingasachildgetsanice-cream."可知“点赞”给他带来了巨大的满足感，就像一个孩子吃冰淇淋一样，

D表达正确。故选D。

15.细节理解题。根据“IthinkWe-chatshouldhidethelikes,becausefollowersmayfeelmorepressureto

pickupthe"likes”.WeshouldnotfocusonhowmanyTikeS“thephotosgetbutonthephotosthemselves.⅛知布

鲁克同意隐藏点赞的功能，因为她认为用户应该关注自己的照片本身，而不是点赞的数量。故选C。

16.词义猜测题。根据"L汰es''isapartofit,butIdon,tthinkhiding"likes"isthekeytocuringtheculture

aroundWe-chat.可知最后一段中的“但我不认为关闭点赞是治愈微信文化的关键”这句话隐含她进一步推动

了讨论，并希望解决更严重的问题。这是Cathy的观点。故选C。

Inone,slife,onespendsthemosttimebeingwithoneselfHowever,onehastheleastunderstandingof

oneself.Whenyouaresuccessful,youmaybeveryproud.Butwhenyoufail,youmayloseheart.Ifyoudon,tget

abetterunderstandingofyourself,youmaymissmanychancesinlifeandeasilygetintotrouble.

Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfistoknowaboutyourselfwell.Youshouldrealizeyourstrong

pointsandweakones.Youmayhopeforawonderfulfuture,butbesurenottoexpecttoomuchbecausenotall

dreamscancometrue.Youmaybeconfidentenoughtomeetchallenges,butfirstyoushouldknowwhattodo.

Gettingabetterunderstandingofyourselfneedsself-appreciation.Maybeyouthinkyouareatalltreeorjust

smallgrass,butyoucanalwayshaveyourownwayofbeingthere.Assoonasyougetfullconfidenceinyourself,

youaresuretofaceanytrouble.

Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfalsomeanstakingcareofyourself.Whenyouareangry,findaquiet

placesothatyoucancontrolyourowntemperandnothurtyourself.Whenyouaresad,tellyourfriendsaboutit

tochangethemood（情绪）intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleeptillyougetrelaxed.Ifyou

don,tknowwhenandhowyoushouldlookafteryourself,youwon,tbeabletostayawayfromillnesses.

Noonecantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Getabetterunderstandingofyourselfζandyou,llgetafull

controlofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolors.

17.Togetabetterunderstandingofyourself,youshould.

A.hopeforawonderfulfutureB.knowwhatyoucandoandwhatyoucan,tdo

C.spendmoretimebeingwithothersD.catcheverychanceinyourlife

18.Whatmighttheunderlinedword"self⅛ppreciation“meaninChinese?

A.自我批评B.自我欣赏C.自我发现D.自我鼓励

19.Whydowehavetohaveabetterunderstandingofourselves?

A.Becausefewpeoplecanreallyunderstandus.

B.Becausenooneknowswhathe/sheisreallylike.

C.Becauseabetterunderstandingcanhelpusinsomeways.

D.BecauseWewanttobeproudofourselves.

20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thewriterhasdescribedthreewaystounderstandourselvesbetter.

B.Youcanfaceanydifficultyifyouhaveconfidenceinyourself.

C.Whenyou,resadorgetupset,trytochangeyourmoodtomakeitbetter.

D.Whenyouhaveabetterunderstandingofyourself,allyourdreamscancometrue.

21.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?

A.Getabetterunderstandingofyourselftoliveabetterlife.

B.Ifyoucanlookafteryourself,you,llstayawayfromillnesses.

C.Inlife,moreandmorepeoplewanttounderstandthemselves.

D.Manypeopleneverhaveabetterunderstandingofthemselves.

【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.D21.A

【导语】本文讲述了更好地了解自己才能更好地控制自己，发现生活的美好。

17.细节理解题。根据"Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfistoknowaboutyourselfwell.Youshould

realizeyourstrongpointsandweakones....Youmaybeconfidentenoughtomeetchallenges,butfirstyoushould

kn。WWhattodo.”可知，为了更好地了解自己，你应该了解你能做什么，不能做什么，故选B。

18.词义猜测题。根据"Maybeyouthinkyouareatalltreeorjustsmallgrass,butyoucanalwayshaveyour

ownwayofbeingthere.Assoonasyougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.“可知，

此处说的是要认可自己，对自己充满信心，所以推断SeIf-appreciation表示“自我欣赏”，故选B。

19.推理判断题。根据"Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfistoknowaboutyourselfwell....Youmaybe

confidentenoughtomeetchallenges,∖“Assoonasyougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceany

trouble.,∖“Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfalsomeanstakingcareofyourself.“可知，更好地了解自己

可以使我们面对挑战足够自信，可以面对任何麻烦，可以更好地照顾自己等，所以推断，更好地了解自

己可以在某些方面帮助我们，故选C。

20.细节理解题。根据“Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfistoknowaboutyourselfwell....Youmaybe

confidentenoughtomeetchallenges,∖“Assoonasyougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceany

troublc.,∖“Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfalsomeanstakingcareofyourself.,,>4ςGetabetter

understandingofyourself,andyou,llgetafullcontrolofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofCOlOrS.“可知，更好地

了解自己可以使我们面对挑战足够自信，可以面对任何麻烦，可以更好地照顾自己，可以控制自己，发

现生活中的色彩，没有提到可以实现全部的梦想，故选DC

21.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了更好地了解自己才能更好地控制自己，发现生活的美好，即“更好地了

解自己，才能活得更好:故选A。

Areyoucarryingtoomuchonyourbacktoschool?You,renotalone.Backexperts（专家）intheUnited

Statesareworriedthatyoungstudentsarehavingbackandneckproblemsasaresultofcarryingtoomuchintheir

schoolbags.

“IthurtsmybackwhenIrun,“saidOberlinReyes,astudentinVirginia.4ςIt,shardtogoupthestairswithmy

schoolbag,becauseit,stooheavy.^^

Oberlinisamongstudentswhoseschoolbagswereweighedforaweekinarecentstudy.

Theyhadregularschoolbagswithtwostraps（带子）tocarrythem,butanumberofstudentswithheavyloads

hadSWitChedtorollingschoolbags（whichhavewheelsandcanrollontheground）.

ShirleyPark,whoseschoolbagweighed10kilograms,saidshechangedtoarollingschoolbagbecauseshe

wasstartingtohavebackpain.

Howmuchistoomuch?Expertssaystudentsshouldcarrynomorethan10to15percentoftheirownbody

weight.

Afewstudentshadonesuggestiontolightentheload:Lesshomework.

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

22.Accordingtosomeexperts,carryingtoomuchintheschoolbagsmay.

A.leadtooverweightproblems