必修2-Unit-3知识点详解

必修2Unit3Computers要点梳理 高效梳理·知识备考●重点单词1．calculatevt.计算→calculatorn．计算器2．universaladj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的→universen．宇宙→universallyadv.普遍地3．simplifyvt.简化→simpleadj.简单的4．technologyn．工艺；科技；技术→technologicaladj.科技的5．revolutionn．革命→revolutionaryadj.革命的6．intelligencen．智力；聪明；智能→intelligentadj.有才智的；聪明的7．solvevt.解决；解答→solutionn．解答8．realityn．真实；事实；现实→realadj.真实的，真正的9．personaladj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→personallyadv.亲自地10．financen．金融；财经→financialadj.金融的，财政的11．explorevt.&vi.探索；探测；探究12．anyhowadv.无论如何；即使如此13．goaln．目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分14．signalvi.&vt.发信号n．信号15．typen．类型vt.&vi.打字16．arisevi.出现；发生17．electronicadj.电子的●重点短语1．have...incommon共有；共用2．from...on从……时起3．comeintoreality成为现实4．asaresult结果5．inaway在某种程度上6．withthehelpof在……的帮助下7．dealwith处理8．watchover看守；监视9．giveaway赠送10．becrazyabout对……着迷11．makeup弥补；整理12．afterall毕竟●重点句型1．AndmymemorybecamesolargethatevenIcouldn'tbelieveit！我的存储量变得如此巨大，甚至连我自己都不能相信！2．Anyhow,mygoalistoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighquality.无论如何，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。考点探究 互动探究·能力备考Ⅰ.词汇短语过关1．totaladj.总的；全部的；整个的n．总数；合计v．总数为；合计为totallyadv.完全地；整个地intotal总共；总计(＝totally)atotalof总数；总共(修饰名词复数时，谓语动词用复数)thetotalof...(谓语动词用单数)totalup＝addup算出总数total(up)to＝addupto总额为—Whatis________________________thesebooks？这些书的全部费用是多少？—Itcostme__________________of500yuan.___________，itcostme500yuan.Thecost________________500yuan.这些书总共花了我500元。thetotalcostofatotalofIntotaltotalledupto2．anyhow/anywayadv.(1)“无论如何，不管怎样；总之；尽管如此”。在作此意讲时，anyway和anyhow一样，都用做让步状语，一般置于句中(其前常有连词but)或句末。(2)“况且，更何况，再说，至少”。作此意讲时，两者都可用来做状语，对前面的话做补充，给出一个令人信服的理由，此时anyhow常出现在句首或最后的分句之首，而不出现在句末。(3)“粗心地，随意地”，作此意讲时，只能用anyhow。写出以下句中anyhow的意思。(1)Itmayrain,butweshallgoanyhow.______________(2)Anyhow,youcantry,evenifthere'snotmuchchanceofsuccess.___________________________(3)Theworkwasdoneallanyhow._________________无论如何至少粗心地拓展：somehowadv.由于某种未知的原因；不知怎么的；以某种方式；用某种方法；从某种角度。如：Somehowhewasafraidofher.不知怎的，他怕她。3．signalvi.&vt.发信号n．信号adanger/warning/distresssignal危险/警告/遇难信号trafficsignals交通信号灯astopsignal停车信号signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signaltosb.向某人示意signal(sb.)that...示意……(1)AllIgetis__________________wheneverIdialhisnumber.我什么时候拨他的听到的都是忙音。(2)He__________________forthebill.他示意效劳员结帐。(3)She__________________followher.她示意他跟她走。abusysignalsignalledthewaitersignalledhimto4．typen．类型，种类，样式v．打字ararebloodtype罕见的血型differentracialtypes不同的人种typeup打印出来(1)Shemixeswith____________________people.她和各种类型的人打交道。(2)Howfastcanyou________________？你打字有多快？(3)Thisletterneeds__________________again.这封信需要再打一遍。alltypesoftypetobetyped5．arisevi.(arose,arisen)出现；发生；起身，起立(1)“出现，开始，呈现”，多用抽象名词做主语。(2)表示“起因于，由……产生”，通常用做arisefrom/putof。(3)表“起身”之意，为正式或旧式用法。(1)Ithoughtitwouldbeeasy,butalotofproblemshave________________.我本来想事情会很容易，但是出现了许多问题。(2)Accidents_____________________carelessness.事故由粗心大意引起。(3)Aheavymist______________thelake.湖面起了浓雾。(4)He_______________hisseat.他从座位上站起来。arisenarisefromarosefromarosefrom6．asaresult结果；因此asaresultof由于；作为……的结果resultin(＝cause)导致；致使resultfrom(＝becausedby)起因于；因……而引起(1)Hardwork____________success.努力终归成功。(2)Success_____________hardwork.成功来自于努力工作。(3)Hewasill.____________________，hedidn'tgotoschool.他生病了。因此，他没去上学。(4)___________________________hisillness,hedidn'tgotoschool.由于生病，他没去上学。resultsinresultsfromAsaresultAsaresultof7．inaway在某种程度上alltheway一路上；一直；完全bywayof经由；途经bytheway顺便说intheway阻碍，挡路inthisway以这种方法innoway决不，无论如何都不ontheway在途中onone’swayto...在某人去……的途中；即将成为……giveway(to)让步，屈服(1)Youarequiteright__________________.从某一方面来讲，你完全正确。(2)It’ssurprisingthatsomanypeopleshouldgoabroad_________________HongKong.竟然有这么多的人途经香港去国外，真让人吃惊。(3)__________________canwemissthechancethatsomeonewillbesentabroadforfurthereducation.我们决不能错过这个被派往国外深造的时机。inawaybywayofInnoway(4)Ouremployerwillnot______________________ourdemandsforhigherwages.我们的雇主不会对我们增加工资的要求让步。(5)Don’tstand____________.不要阻碍别人。givewaytointheway8．dealwith处理；安排；对付写出以下dealwith的意思。(1)Therearetoomanydifficultiesforustodealwith.____________(2)Hehaslearnttodealproperlywithallkindsofcomplicatedsituations._______________(3)Dealwithamanashedealswithyou.___________(4)ThisisabookdealingwithAsianproblems.______________________处理应付对付关于；论及与……往来/相处(5)Theyhavelearnedtodealwithvariouspersons.__________比拟：dealwith,dowith(1)dealwith意思是“处理，谈论，对付”以及“与……做买卖”，表示处理时，常与连接副词how连用。Idon’tknowhowtodealwithhim.我不知道如何对付他。(2)dowith意思是“对待，处理，利用，与……有关”，表示“对待”时宾语是人，相当于treat；表示“处理，利用”时，常与连接代词what连用。Idon’tknowhowtheydealwiththeproblem.＝Idon’tknowwhattheydowiththeproblem.我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。9．watchover看守；监视watchforsth.盼望或等待某事物watchout小心；留神；注意(用于提醒、警示)watchoutforsb./sth.警惕或注意某人/物keep(a)watchon监视onthewatchfor看守着……，监视着……(1)They__________________bythreepolicemen.他们由三个警观察守着。(2)She____________herchancetospeak.她等时机发言。(3)____________！Thereisacarcoming.注意！有车来了。(4)_________________thepickpockets！留神有扒手！werewatchedoverwatchedforWatchoutWatchoutforⅡ.重点句型详解1．AndmymemorybecamesolargethatevenIcouldn'tbelieveit!我的存储量变得如此巨大，甚至连我自己都不能相信！so...that...如此……以致……。that引导结果状语从句。另外，such...that...也引导结果状语从句。其结构形式为：so＋adj./adv.＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋many/few＋可数名词复数much/little＋不可数名词that从句such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋adj.＋不可数名词that从句①Shewassoexcitedthatshecouldn'tgotosleep.她兴奋得睡不着觉。②Itwassohotadaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.(＝Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.)天气如此热，谁也不想干活。③Imadesomanymistakesinthecompositionthattheteachercriticizedme.我的作文中出了许多错误，老师批评了我。拓展：(1)当so.../such...位于句首时，句子要局部倒装。SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.那个标记非常小，我几乎看不见它。(2)so...that...中的主句和从句的主语是同一个，that从句也可改为astodo形式。Theoldladywassokindthatsheledmetothehospital.＝Theoldladywassokindastoleadmetothehospital.这个老太太是那样好心，她把我领到了医院。(3)sothat连在一起用，可引导结果状语从句，也可引导目的状语从句。sothat引导目的状语从句时，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在sothat前可以有逗号，意思是“因此；所以”。Hehurriedupsothathecouldcatchthetrain.他匆匆赶路为的是赶上火车。(比照：Hehurriedupsothathecaughtthetrain.他匆匆赶路，结果赶上了火车。)(1)______aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptoMadagascarforfurtherresearch.A．SocuriousthecouplewasB．SocuriouswerethecoupleC．HowcuriousthecouplewereD．Thecouplewassuchcurious解析：考查so...that...引导结果状语从句，且so...放于句首时，句子局部倒装。答案：B(2)Mostchildrenneedencouragementintimeoffailure______theycancheerupagain.A．sothatB．incaseC．because D．if解析：考查sothat引导目的状语从句。答案：A2．Anyhow,mygoalistoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighquality.无论如何，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。ofhighquality在句中做定语，属于of＋n.结构。这一结构相当于形容词，在句中可以做表语、定语或宾语补足语。(1)of＋n.结构中的名词是抽象名词时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有：use,importance,help,value,interest,benefit等。这些名词前可用great,no,little,some,any,notmuch等修饰，以表示不同程度。ThecamelisofgreathelptotheArab.(＝ThecamelisveryhelpfultotheArab.)骆驼对阿拉伯人有很大帮助。(2)of＋n.结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前通常有冠词。常用的名词有：size,type,kind,price,height,depth,length,weight,age,shape,colour等。Thetwoareofanage,butareofdifferentheight.这两个人年龄相同，但身高不同。(3)of＋n.结构还可以表示主语的根源关系，此时的名词多是表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍以及出处的名词，常用的名词有：family,blood,race,origin等。Weareofthesameblood.我们是同一血统。(4)of＋n.结构还可以表示人的特点、特性，常用of＋wealth/education/courage/achievement/ability等。Yoursisterisagirlofwisdom.你妹妹是一位有智慧的女孩。Youwillfindthismapofgreat______inhelpingyoutogetaroundLondon.A．price B．costC．value D．usefulness解析：beofgreatvalue＝beveryvaluable“很有价值”。答案：C易错点拨 自我完善·误区备考1.symbol/sign/signal/mark均含“标志，象征，符号”之意。(1)symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。(2)sign普通用词，指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。(3)signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。(4)mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于识别而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。(1)Redcrossisa______forhospital.(2)Aredlightisusuallya_________ofdanger.(3)Makea______whereyoudon’tunderstand.(4)Aredarkcloudsa______ofrain?(5)Adove(鸽子)isa______________forpeace.ignsignalmarksignsymble2.arise/arouse/rise/raise(1)arise是不及物动词，在现代英语中主要用于借喻，指“出现，发生，产生”。(2)arouse是及物动词，指“唤醒，激起”，后常跟抽象名词。(3)rise是不及物动词，使用范围较广，指“升起，上升，增长”，也可指“起立，起床，地位升高”等。(4)raise是及物动词，用在句中，后面需跟宾语。一般指“升起，举起，增加(程度、价格等)；提高(音量)；提出；种植(农作物)；养育；抚育(子女)”。(1)Theriveris______aftertherain.(2)He______hishandinthehopeofbeingasked.(3)Hisstrangebehaviour_________oursuspicions.(4)Newproblems______everyday.risingraisedarousedarise提示：原形过去式过去分词v.ingarise(vi.)arosearisenarisingarouse(vt.)arousedarousedarousingrise(vi.)roserisenrisingraise(vt.)raisedraisedraising高效作业 自我测评·技能备考Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Don'tloseheart._________________(无论如何),youcantry.2．I'msorrytosaythatI______(彻底地)forgotaboutit.3．Inmostmathsexaminationsseniorhighschoolstudentsareallowedtouse____________(计算器)intheexams.4．Creditcardshavebroughtabouta______________(革命)inpeople'sspendinghabits.5．Unfortunately,anewdifficultyhas______(出现了)．Anyhow/Anywaytotallycalculatorsrevolutionarisen6．Withthedevelopmentoft______________，moreandmorepracticalmachineshavebeeninvented.7．P___________speaking,I'mnotinfavouroftheplan.8．He'sverycleverandofhighi_______________.9．Atfirst,Ithoughttheseflowerswerereal,buttheyarea_____________.10．Whicht_________ofteadoyouprefer?technologyPersonallyintelligenceartificialtypeⅡ.单项选择1．Whiletherearequiteafewdifferencesintheeducationsystemsinmanycountries,educationis______.A．usual B．regularC．normal D．universal答案：D解析：句意：许多国家的教育体制有许多不同之处，然而教育却是普及的。A.通常的；B.定期的，有规律的，C.正常的，D.普及的，普遍的。2．Ourschoolisverylarge.______，thenumberofthestudents______3500.A．Together;is B．Altogether;areC．Inall;are D．Intotal;is答案：D解析：intotal＝inall＝altogether是“总共，总计”的意思。thenumberof＋n.做主语时，谓语动词用单数。3．IamnotsurewhetherIwillhaveanythingelsetodotomorrow.______，Iwilltryeverypossiblemeanstocometotheparty.A．Eventhough B．AnyhowC．Ifso D．Instead答案：B解析：句意为“我不敢肯定明天我是否有其他的事，但无论如何，我将尽可能来参加这个聚会”。4．—Ithinkheistakinganactivepartinsocialwork.—Iagreewithyou______.A．inaway B．onthewayC．bytheway D．intheway答案：A解析：考查介词短语。inaway“从某种意义上”，合题意。5．Youmaynotagree,but______Ithinksheisaverygoodgirl.A．generally B．trulyC．personally D．commonly答案：C解析：考查副词。表示“依个人而言”用personally。6．—Whatabeautifulday!—Yes,it's______thatI'dliketotakeawalk.A．suchniceweather B．soaniceweatherC．suchaniceweather D．soniceweather答案：A解析：weather是不可数名词，故用such＋adj.＋weather。7．Shouldthechance______，I'dlovetogoabroad.A．rise B．raiseC．arise D．arouse答案：C解析：主语为抽象名词thechance，应选arise。8．—Whatanoise!Icanhardlystandit.—It______asiftheyarehavingapartynextdoor.A．looks B．soundsC．feels D．happens答案：B解析：考查Itsoundsasif...“听起来像……”。9．Theterriblewarlastedeightyears.______，wiveslosttheirhusbands,parentslosttheirsons,andchildrenlosttheirfathers.A．Asaresult B．AsaresultofC．Instead D．However答案：A解析：句子强调因果关系，排除C、D项。B项应加上宾语，即asaresultofthewar。10．LastsummerItookacourseon______poisonousgases.A．howtodealwith B．whattodealwithC．howtobedealtwith D．whattobedealtwith答案：A解析：考查dealwith的用法。11．Hemindssomuchabouthispositionintheofficethathe______anychancetobepromoted.A．watchesout B．looksupC．pointsout D．watchesfor答案：D解析：考查短语辨析。“盼望、等待提升的时机”用watchfor。watchout小心；lookup查找；pointout指出。12．______thehelpoftheteacher,thestudentwhowasn’tgoodatmath______thedifficultproblemquickly.A．Under;workedout B．With;workedonC．Under;solved D．With;solved答案：D解析：solve解决。另外“在某人的帮助下”用withthehelpofsb.来表达。13．InSeptember2008,China’skeymilestoneinspacetravel______whenZhaiZhigangconductedthefirstspacewalk.A．reached B．wasreachedC．hasreached D．hadbeenreached答案：B解析：由句中时间状语InSeptember2008可知应用过去时态。另外，主语China’skeymilestone与动词reach之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。主从句动作不存在先后关系，故D项不对。14．______abouttheeconomiccrisisthathedecidedtolookformoreinformationaboutit.A．Socurioushewas B．SocuriouswasheC．SuchcurioushewasD．Suchcuriouswashe答案：B解析：so＋adj./adv.做表语放在句首时，主谓倒装。15．－Let’sgoswimming,shallwe?－______.A．It’smypleasure B．Itdoesn’tmatterC．Yes,let’sgo D．Iagreewithyou答案：C解析：考查建议及应答。由于第一句是问句，需要答复，所以D项不正确。Ⅲ.阅读理解AGrandpaNybakkenlovedlife—especiallywhenhecouldplayatrickonsomebody.Atthosetimes,hislargeNorwegianframeshookwithlaughterwhilehepretendedinnocentsurprise,exclaiming,“Oh,forevermore！”ButonacoldSaturdayindowntownChicago,GrandpafeltthatGodplayedatrickonhim,andGrandpawasn'tlaughing.Grandpaworkedasacarpenter.Onthisparticularday,hewasbuildingsomeboxesfortheclotheshischurchwassendingtoanorphanageabroad.Onhiswayhome,hereachedintohisshirtpockettofindhisglasses,buttheyweregone.Herememberedputtingthemtherethatmorning,sohedrovebacktothechurch.Hissearchprovedfruitless.Suddenly,herealizedwhathappened.Theglasseshadslippedoutofhispocketunnoticedandfallenintooneoftheboxes,whichhehadnailedshut.HisbrandnewglasseswereheadingforChina!TheGreatDepressionwasatitsheight,andGrandpahadsixchildren.Hehadspenttwentydollarsforthoseglassesthatverymorning.“It'snotfair，”hetoldGodashedrovehomeinfrustration.“I'vebeenveryfaithfulingivingofmytimeandmoneytoyourwork,andnowthis.”Severalmonthslater,thedirectoroftheorphanagewasonvacationintheUnitedStates.Hewantedtovisitallthechurchesthatsupportedhim,sohecametospeakonSundaynightatmygrandfather'ssmallchurchinChicago.Grandpaandhisfamilysatintheirusualseatsamongthesmallcongregation(教堂会众)．“Butmostofall，”hesaid,“Imustthankyoufortheglassesyousentlastyear.”“EvenifIhadthemoney,therewassimplynowayofreplacingthoseglasses.Alongwithnotbeingabletoseewell,Iexperiencedheadacheseveryday,somycoworkersandIweremuchinprayeraboutthis.Thenyourboxesarrived.Whenmystaffremovedthecovers,theyfoundapairofglasseslyingonthetop.”Afteralongpause,hecontinued,“Folks,whenItriedontheglasses,itwasasthoughtheyhadbeencustom—madejustforme!Iwanttothankyouforbeingapartofthat！”Thepeoplelistened,happyfortheamazingglasses.Butthedirectorsurelymusthaveconfusedtheirchurchwithanother;theythought,therewerenoglassesontheirlistofitemstobesentoverseas.Butsittingquietlyintheback,withtearsstreamingdownhisface,anordinarycarpenterrealizedtheMasterCarpenterhadusedhiminanextraordinaryway.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutGrandpaNybakkenaccordingtothepassage?A.Hewasanoutgoingmanandheldanactiveattitudetowardslife.B.Hehadalargefamilytosupport.C.Hewasacarpenterworkinginthechurch.D.HewasaloyalChristian.答案及解析：1.C。A选项根据第一段可以判断，B选项根据Grandpahadsixchildren可以判断，D选项根据I'vebeenveryfaithfulingivingofmytimeandmoneytoyourwork可以判断。文章第二段只是说明祖父是个木匠，那天只是在教堂帮帮助，并没有说他在那工作。2.Grandpaspentmuchofhistimeandmoneyinchurchmainlyto______.A.helpthepriestdosomereligiousworkB.helpthosepeopleinneedC.makesomewoodworkforthechurchD.seeksomehelpfromGod答案及解析：2.B。根据文章可以知道祖父信仰上帝，而上帝的工作就是福泽人们，所以他会去帮助别人。A在文章中没有提及，C、D不是祖父的目的。3.ThepeopleinthechurchbutGrandpafeltconfusedatwhatthedirectorsaidbecause______.A.Grandpadidn'ttellthedirectorthathewastheowneroftheglassesB.thedirectorwantedtoreturntheglasseseventhoughhelikeditC.thedirectorcouldnotgetsuchglassesintheirowncountryD.theglasseswerenotincludedinthedonationlist答案及解析：3.D。根据therewerenoglassesontheirlistofitemstobesentoverseas”可以判断。4.Whodoes“theMasterCarpenter”inthelastparagraphprobablyreferto?A.Grandpa'smaster. B.OneofGrandpa'sfriends.C.God.D.Grandpa'scoworker.答案及解析：4.C。答案与文章第一段中的GrandpafeltthatGodplayedatrickonhim相照应，最后一段中的anordinarycarpenter指的就是祖父，theMasterCarpenter指的是God，耶稣也曾是木匠。5.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Grandfather'sLife B.TheHelpfulDonationC.ThePerfectMistakeD.AnImpressiveSpeech答案及解析：5.C。根据文章的描述，祖父因为不小心把眼镜掉进了运送募捐物品的箱子中，然而这副眼镜却给了受捐赠者极大的帮助。所以这是一次“美丽的失误”。BThelargestearthquake(magnitude里氏9.5)ofthe20thcenturyhappenedonMay22,1960offthecoastofSouthCentralChile.Itgenerated(生成)oneofthemostdestructivePacificwidetsunamis(海啸).Nearthegeneratingarea,boththeearthquakeandthetsunamiwereverymuchdestructive,particularlyinthecoastalareafromConcepciontothesouthendofIslaChiloe.ThelargesttsunamidamageoccurredatIslaChiloe－thecoastalareaclosesttotheepicenter(震中).Hugetsunamiwavesmeasuringashighas25metersarrivedwithin10to15minutesaftertheearthquake,killingatleasttwohundredpeople,sinkingalltheboats,andfloodinghalfakilometerinland.TherewaslargedamageandlossoflifeatConcepcion,Chile'stopindustrialcity.NearthecityofValdivia,theearthquakeandfollowingaftershocksgeneratedlandslideswhichkilled18people.AttheportcityofValparaiso,acityof200000,manybuildingscollapsed.Atotalof