2020届上海市徐汇中学高三英语二模试卷及答案解析

2020届上海市徐汇中学高三英语二模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFourOnlineEventsThehandshake：ananthropologist’sguideWhatisitsbiologicalpurpose？Whatarethebestandworsthandshakes？Inthistalk，scientistEllaAl-Shamahiexaminesthepoweroftouchandarguesthehandshakeisatleast7millionyearsold．Thiseventwillstartat18:00pmon25Marchandwilllastonehour．Standardticketprice：£15(A20％discountforthosewhobuytheticketbeforeMarch20.)ArescueplanfornatureWhatdoweneedtodotorestoretheplanet'sbiodiversityandpreventthenextpandemic(疫情)？JoinscientistCristianSamperashetalksabouthowourignoringnaturecausedthepandemic-andhowwecanseizeauniqueopportunitytobuildbackbetter．Thisfreeeventwillstartat18:00pmon15April．OriginsoflifeWhyistheplanetthewayitis？Howdidwegethere？Doeseverythinghappenforareasonoraresomethingslefttochance？Researchshowsweliveinaworlddrivenbychance．Inthistalk，biologistSeanBCarrollwilltellthestoriesofthemotherofallaccidents，andthesurprisingpowerofchanceinourlivesandtheworld．Thiseventwillstartat19:30pmon22Aprilandwilllasttwohours．Standardticketprice：£18(A10％discountforthosewhobuytheticketbeforeApril17.)ThetruthaboutexerciseShouldweallbehittingthegymthreetimesaweek？Shouldweworryaboutsittingtoomuch？Ifyouarestrongandfit，canyougetawaywithbeinginactive？Inthistalk，specialistJasonGillintroduceswhatsciencecanreallytellusabouthowmuchweneedtomovetoliveahealthylife．Thiseventwillstartat19:00pmonMay13andwilllastonehour，Standardticketprice：£12(A15％discountforthosewhobuytheticketbeforeMay8.)1.Howmuchshouldyouatleastspendontheeventaboutthehandshake？A.£10.2．B.£12．C.£13．D.£16.2．2.Fromwhomcanyoulearnabouttheoriginsoflife？A.EllaAl-Shamahi．B.CristianSamper．C.SeanBCarroll．D.JasonGill．3.Whatdoesthefouronlinetalkshaveincommon？A.Theyarescience-based．B.Theyareaboutcultures．C.Theyarerelatedtonature．D.Theyareintendedfortheyoung．BImprovementstoenergyefficiency,suchasLEDlights,areseenbymanyauthoritiesasatoppriorityforcuttingcarbonemissions.Yetagrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatareboundeffectcouldwipeoutmorethanhalfofthesavingsfromenergyefficiencyimprovements,makingthegoalsoftheParisAgreementonclimatechangeevenhardertohit.AteamledbyPaulBrockwayattheUniversityofLeeds,UK,lookedattheexisting33studiesontheimpactofthereboundeffect.Firstcomesthedirectrebound:forinstance,whensomeonebuysamoreefficientcar,theymaytakeadvantageofthatbydrivingitfurther.Thencomestheindirectrebound:fuelsavingsleavetheownerwithmoremoneytospendelsewhereintheeconomy,consumingenergy.Althoughthe33studiesuseddifferentmethodstomodelthereboundeffect,theyproducedveryconsistentestimatesofitsimpact,leadingtheteamtoconcludethattheeffectwipesout,onaverage,63percentoftheanticipatedenergysavings.“We'renotsayingenergyefficiencydoesn'twork.Whatwe'resayingisreboundneedstobetakenmoreseriously,”saysBrockway.Theideathatincreasedefficiencymaynotdeliverthehoped­forsavingsdatesbacktotheJevonsparadox(悖论),namedaftertheeconomistWilliamStanleyJevons,who,in1865,observedthatmoreefficientcoaluseledtomoredemandforcoal.Ifthereboundeffectdoesprovetobeasbigassuggested,itmeansfutureglobalenergydemandwillbehigherthanexpectedandtheworldwillneedfarmorewindandsolarpowerandcarbon­capturetechnologythaniscurrentlybeingplannedfor.Butthatdoesn'tmeannothingcanbedonetolimitthereboundeffect.Oneansweristodoubledownonenergyefficiencyanddotwiceasmuchtoachievethesameeffect.4.Whichofthefollowingisareboundeffect?A.AmanusesLEDlightstocutcarbonemissions.B.Acompanyusescoalmoreefficientlytoreducewaste.C.Afamilysavesmoneybyusingenergy­savingdevices.D.Aladyspendssavingsfromherfuelefficientcaronmoreclothes.5.HowdidPaulBrockway'steamcarryouttheirresearch?A.Byinterviewingeconomists.B.Byanalyzingformerstudies.C.Bymodelingthereboundeffect.D.BydebatingabouttheJevonsparadox.6.WhatwouldPaulBrockwayprobablyagreewith?A.Authoritiesshoulddismissenergyefficiency.B.Worldwideeffortstopreserveenergyareinvain.C.Thereboundeffecthelpsprotecttheenvironment.D.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtothereboundeffect.7.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardslimitingthereboundeffect?A.Positive.B.Pessimistic.C.Doubtful.D.Disapproving.CIwasatthehardwarestoretheotherdayandoverheardawomantellEd.,themanager,thatfallwasherfavoritetimeofyear.Ed.,becausehelikedtokeephiscustomershappy,agreedthatfallwasawonderfulseason,butIcouldtellhewaslying.Iwasgoingthroughmymindrecently,tryingtofindsweetmemoriesoffall.Ifailed.Imetmywifeinthesummerandmarriedhertwosummerslater.Mysonswereborninthewinterandsummer,mygranddaughterinthewinter.I’vebeenfriedtwiceinmylife,bothinfall.OneOctober,atruckcarryingtofuranaredlightandhitme,destroyingmyfavoritecar,combiningthethreethingsImosthate-trucks,tofuandOctober.I'mnotsayingfalliswithoutitsattractions.Theleavesarebeautiful.Butfall'svacillation(立场摇摆)istroubling,itseffort(努力)topleaseeveryone,itscontinuoussearchforthemiddlegroundtobeallthingstoallpeople.Saywhatyouwillaboutsummerandwinter,atleasttheyhavethecouragetokeeptheiropinionsstrong,eveniftheykilluswithextremeheatorcold.Irecentlyreadastoryofamancomingoutofathree-monthcoma(昏迷).Itstartedinearlyfallandendedjustaswintercame.IhopeifIwereeverinacomaIwouldbejustasluckyastheman.Uponmyawakening,oneofmyfamilieswhostoodaroundmybedwouldask."Don'tyourememberanythingfromthepastthreemonths?""Notthefirstthing,"Iwouldhappilyreport.IfIeverhaveenoughmoney.I'mgoingtobuyasecondhomeinAustralia,sothatwhenfallstartshere,Icanmovethereforthreemonths,justwhenspringisstarting.8.WhatdidEdthinkofthecustomerswordsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Edunderstoodthemandsupportedthecustomercompletely.B.Edmightholdadifferentopiniononthetopic.C.Edbelievedthecustomerwasn'ttellingthetruth.D.Edthoughttheystoodformostpeoples'opinion.9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.Theauthorhasabigandlovingfamily.B.Theauthorishavingahardtimeatwork.C.Itisimportanttofollowtherulesoftheroad.D.Nothinggoodhashappenedtotheauthorinfall.10.WhydoestheauthorsaythemaninParagraph4waslucky?A.Becausehesleptfallaway.B.Becausehehosweetmemoriesoffall.C.Becausehedreamedoffillmanytimes.D.Becausehewasmetbyhisfamilywhenwakingup.11.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormostwanttodo?A.Drivetracks.B.Eattofudishes.C.Watchleavesfallinginfall.D.MovetoAustraliainOctober.DGettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthingHowever,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,kingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(优点)ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.12.ThekingsofFranceandEnglandinthe16thcenturyclosedbathhousesbecause.A.theylivedhealthilyinadirtyenvironmentB.theythoughtbathhousesweretoodirtytostayinC.theyconsideredbathingascauseofskindiseaseD.Theybelieveddiseasecouldbespreadinpublicbaths13.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHenryIV’sattitudetobathing?A.CuriousB.AfraidC.ApprovingD.Uninterested14.Howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop?A.Byfollowingtheorderoftime.B.Bymakingcomparison.C.ByprovidingexamplesD.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.115.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassages?A.Tocallattentiontothedangerofdirt.B.Tointroducethehistoryofdirt.C.Topresentthechangeofviewsondirt.D.Tostresstheroleofdirt.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Childrenmaynotbeputtingcoinsintopiggybanksformuchlonger.Withthemovetowardsacashlesssociety,pocketmoneyismovingdigital.Toreflectthistrend,anumberofmobilebudgetingappsforchildrenhassprungupworldwide.____16____Parentscanaddmoneytochildren’saccounts,setlimitsandmonitortransactions,whilechildrencanchoosetosavetheirmoneyorspenditusingaprepaidcard.Thecompaniesbehindtheappsarguethatinanincreasinglycashlesssociety,theycanbeavaluablewayofteachingyoungchildrenaboutmoney.____17____Theseappsaimtoovercomethis,claimingtoteachchildrenfinancialconcepts,suchasbudgeting,interestratesandincome.Forinstance,theSwedishappGimihasvirtualsavingsjarswherechildrencandepositmoney;parentscanpaychildreninterestastheysave.PhilipHaglund,CEOofGimibelievestheapphascertainadvantages,liketeachingresponsiblereal-lifespendinghabits.____18____Oneconcernisthatintroducingdigitalmoneyappstoyoungchildrencouldhelptoencourageirresponsiblespendinghabits.“Whatifchildrendon’thaveagoodfoundationinfinancialcapability?____19____Theymightdevelopbadmoneyhabits.”saysanexpert.However,Haglundsaysitisimportantforkidstolearnandmakemistakes,“Wewanttohelpkidsandteenagersgainfinancialskillsforlife.____20____Ifyou’regoingtomakeamistakeof£10ateight,it’sbetterthanmakingamistakeof£1,000whenyou’re28,”hesays.A.Theearlier,thebetter.B.Schools,however,tendtofocusmoreoneconomictheory.C.Theyofferasimplemoneymanagementserviceforchildren.D.There’sariskthatmoneyappscouldbeseenasjustanothergame.E.Nowmoneyisbeingtransferredthroughcyberspace,whichisreallyabstract.F.It’smoreabouttheattitudeandtherelationshipyouhavewithparents’money.G.30%teenagersareunabletomakesimplefinancialdecisions,accordingtoaglobalsurvey.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项IfirstheardaboutseveralcasesofcoronavirusinJanuary,2020.ButIdidnot___21___theoutbreaktohavesuchasuddenandpowerfuleffectontherestoftheworld.InMarch,towardstheendofwinterquarter,itwas___22___thatwewouldtakeallthefinalsonline.Itwasunexpected,andalluniversityteachersandstudentswere___23___.Duetothecoronaviruspandemic,ourUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiego（UCSD）student-runfreedentalclinicsareclosed___24___,andmostresearchlaboratoriesareonlyopenfor____25____personnel.Thus,Ihavehadalotmoresparetimethanbefore,___26___mostoftheeventshavebeenswitchedtobeheldonline.To___27___time,Ilearnedtofollow___28___tomakedifferentdishes.Theperiodofquarantine（隔离）hasbecomeatimewhenIcanlearnsomenewlife___29___.BesidescookingIhavebeen___30___anewhobby—playingpuzzles.Atfirst,solvingapuzzlewasjustawayformeto___31___endurance（忍耐性）andpatience.ThenIrealizedthatIlearnedmuchmorethanthat.WhenI___32___1,000piecesofapuzzleonthetable,I___33___notbuyingasimplerone.IsuddenlyrealizedhowimpatientIwasthatIcouldn’tevenfocusonsuchasimplertask.Electronicdeviceshavebeentrainingmetoconstantlystareatablinking（闪烁）screenand___34___whatIwasdoing.Idecidedtosolveapuzzlewhile___35___devicesforseveralhours,andenjoyonesimpletasklikealittlechild.WhenIstartedtolookfordifferentpiecestoseeiftheycouldfitinalarger___36___,Istartedtolookforshortcuts.Itriedtocollectpuzzleswithsimilarpatternsorcolor1sand___37___theiredges.Duringthistime,Islowlyforgotallthemadnessand___38___ofquarantinelife.EverytimeIgotonepieceintherightplace,Iwas___39___awardedbysuchasmallsuccessandmotivatedtokeepontrying.Itwassurprisingandunexpectedformetoreceivesomuch___40___fromfocusingonsolvingpuzzles.21.A.encourageB.expectC.requireD.remind22.A.announcedB.promisedC.hopedD.discovered23.A.unhappyB.unfortunateC.uninterestedD.unprepared24.A.occasionallyB.formallyC.temporarilyD.gradually25.A.devotedB.eagerC.excellentD.limited26.A.unlessB.beforeC.sinceD.though27.A.treasureB.killC.wasteD.save28.A.schedulesB.ordersC.targetsD.recipes29.A.secretsB.tracksC.skillsD.lessons30.A.exploringB.spreadingC.reviewingD.doubting31.A.supportB.practiseC.recommendD.appreciate32.A.brokeupB.handedinC.pouredoutD.putaway33.A.imaginedB.permittedC.advisedD.regretted34.A.forgetB.guessC.rememberD.emphasize35.A.puttingupwithB.stayingawayfromC.watchingoutforD.takingcontrolof36.A.basketB.posterC.pictureD.board37.A.touchB.removeC.drawD.compare38.A.dangerB.boredomC.excitementD.amazement39.A.mentallyB.physicallyC.strangelyD.passively40.A.troubleB.joyfulnessC.responsibilityD.praise第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式TheInternethaschangedourlives.JanTchamani,anEnglishteacherinBirmingham,UK,suddenlydeveloped____41.____illnessandhadtoquitherjob.Shefound____42.____(her)outofworkandstuckathome.Latershefoundshecoulddoalmosteverythingby____43.____(surf)theInternet.Shealso____44.____(join)anonlinegroupwhereshecouldtalkaboutherproblemsandgetadvicefromothers.Sherealizedthatoneofthegreatest____45.____(benefit)oftheInternetwasthatitcouldremovethedistancebetweenpeople.____46.____(inspire)bythepeopleshemetonline,shestartedanITclubandhelpedpeople____47.____need.Withthehelpoftheclub,a61-year-oldwoman____48.____waslivingalonehasstartedasmallonlinecompanywithtwofriends.Shenolo