河北名校联盟2023-2024学年高一上学期第二次联考英语试题【含答案解析】

河北名校联盟2023-2024学年第一学期第二次联考高一英语试卷考生注意:1.本试卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟。2.考生作答时,请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题;目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题.区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atafurnitureshop.B.Atacoffeebar.C.Atthewoman’shome.2.WhoisMr.Thompson?A.Meg’sboss.B.Meg’sfather.C.Meg’sdoctor.3.Whenwillthepartybeover?A.At11:00pm.B.At10:30pm.C.At10:00pm.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.LivinginAustria.B.Lookingforjobs.C.Preparingforatrip.5.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hewillgetmarried.B.Hewillstudyabroad.C.Hewillliveonanisland.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.WhoisLisaprobably?A.Ashopassistant.B.Theman’sfriend.C.Dominic’smother.7.Whatdidthemanbuyforhisnephewlastyear?A.Atoysoldier.B.Acomputergame.C.AMickeyMouse.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8.WhyisthemanmovingtoNewYork?A.Toenjoythecitylife.B.Tostaywithhisfriends.C.Tofindabetterjob.9.Howoldistheman?A.19yearsold.B.29yearsold.C.39yearsold.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10.Howdidthemanfindtheapartment?A.Fromanewspaper.B.FromtheInternet.C.Fromafriend.11.Whatdoesthemanwant?A.Abigkitchen.B.Abiglivingroom.C.Abigbedroom.12WhatwillthewomanprobablydothisFriday?A.Entertainsomefriends.B.Paythemanavisit.C.Rentanapartment.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。13.Whatisthemandoing?A.Havinganinterview.B.Applyingforacourse.C.Organizingasummertrip.14.Howlongwillthecourserunthisyear?A.6weeks.B.7weeks.C.8weeks.15.Whatsurprisedthewomanlastyear?A.Theextremelyhotweather.B.Theinexperiencedassistants.C.Thenumberofchildrenattendingthecourse.16.Whatnewactivitieswillbeaddedthisyear?A.Adventuresports.B.Funprograms.C.Creativeclasses.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.WhatcolorisPauly’shead?A.Alittleblue.B.Totallygreen.C.Mostlyred.18.WhyisthespeakerworriedaboutPauly?A.Hewon’tsurviveonhisown.B.Herefusestoeatanything.C.Hehasabrokentail.19.InwhatseasondidPaulygetlost?A.Autumn.B.Winter.C.Summer.20.WhatdoesthespeakerexpectpeopletodoiftheyhearPauly?A.RecordPauly’sloudcall.B.Tellhimrightaway.C.GivePaulysomethingtoeat.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分34分)第一节(共12个小题;每小题2分，满分24分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。ATeenageaviatorZaraRutherfordhasbecometheyoungestwomantoflyaroundtheworldsolo(单独飞行).The19-year-old,whohasdualBritish-Belgiannationality,landedatKortrijk-WevelgemAirportinwesternBelgiumonThursday,completinganepic41-countryjourneyspanningover52,000kilometers(32,300miles),andbroketwoGuinnessWorldRecordsintheprocess.“Imadeit,”Rutherford,whoreceivedanoverjoyedwelcomeonherarrival,toldreporters.NotonlyhasshebeatentherecordheldbyAmericanShaestaWaiz,whowas30whensheflewaroundtheglobeunaccompaniedin2017,Rutherfordalsonowholdsthetitleforthefirstwomantocircumnavigatetheworldinamicrolightaircraft(微型飞机).SheisalsothefirstBelgiantoflyaroundtheworldalone.However,theteenager’sroutetogloryhasn’tbeenwithoutitschallenges.RutherforddepartedonAugust18,2021,expectingtofinishinaboutthreemonths.Butshewasplaguedbysetbacks,includingmonth-longdelaysinbothAlaskaandRussiadueto“visaandweatherissues,”pushingherschedulebackeightweeks.“IwouldsaythehardestpartwasdefinitelyflyingoverSiberia—itwasextremelycold.Itwasminus35degreesCelsiusontheground,”Rutherfordsaidduringapressconference.“Iftheengineweretoswitchoff,I’dbehoursawayfromrescueandIdon’tknowhowlongIcouldhavesurvivedfor.”“IwashopingtocompleteitbyChristmasbutIguessthat’snothappeninganymore,”RutherfordtoldreporterstinSeoul,SouthKorea afterarrivingfromVladivostokonDecember13.“Butit’sanadventure.”Whileshe’sflowntoanarrayofdestinationssuchasSingapore,EgyptandGreece,alongwithRussiaandSouthKorea,RutherfordhasbeenunabletoexploreanyofthemonlandduetoCovid-19restrictions.Thefinallegofherjourneywasalsohitwithdelaysduetobadweather,whichmeanthercompletiondatewasmovedbackanotherweek.1.WhathasRutherfordachieved?A.Flyingaroundtheglobealonein2017.B.BreakingtwoGuinnessWorldRecords.C.Theyoungestmicrolightaircraftpilot.D.Thefirstpilottoflyaroundtheworldsolo.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“circumnavigate”mostprobablymean?A.Airout. B.Pulloff.C.Flyaround. D.Takeon.3.WhatdoesRutherford’swordsimplyinparagraph7?A.Shecouldmanagetheengine. B.Thesituationwasveryseverethen.C.Theenginewasinverygoodcondition. D.Shecouldwaitlongenoughtogetrescue.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Rutherfordhasbeatentheworldflyingrecord.B.AjourneywashitbytheCovid-19restrictions.C.Rutherfordhasflowntoanarrayofdestinations.D.Ateenbecomesyoungestwomantoflytheworldsolo.【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是主要讲的是19岁的ZaraRutherford成为最年轻的独自驾驶飞机飞行世界的女性。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“The19-year-old,whohasdualBritish-Belgiannationality,landedatKortrijk-WevelgemAirportinwesternBelgiumonThursday,completinganepic41-countryjourneyspanningover52,000kilometers(32,300miles),andbroketwoGuinnessWorldRecordsintheprocess.(这位拥有英国和比利时双重国籍的19岁少年，周四在比利时西部的Kortrijk-Wevelgem机场降落，完成了一次跨越52,000公里（32,300英里）的41国之旅，并在此过程中打破了两个吉尼斯世界纪录。)”可知，Rutherford打破了两项吉尼斯世界纪录。故选B。【2题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段的“SheisalsothefirstBelgiantoflyaroundtheworldalone.(她也是第一个独自飞行环游世界的比利时人。)”可知“Rutherford是第一个独自环游世界的比利时人”，因此划线词circumnavigate意为“环球飞行”，和flyaround意思相近，故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。通过第七段Rutherford的话“Iftheengineweretoswitchoff,I’dbehoursawayfromrescueandIdon’tknowhowlongIcouldhavesurvivedfor.(如果引擎熄火，我离救援就只有几个小时了，我不知道我还能活多久。)”可知，Rutherford的话在第7段中暗示了当时形势非常严峻。故选B。【4题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“TeenageaviatorZaraRutherfordhasbecometheyoungestwomantoflyaroundtheworldsolo(单独飞行).(青少年飞行员ZaraRutherford成为独自飞行环游世界的最年轻女性。)”可知，本文主要讲的是19岁的ZaraRutherford成为最年轻的独自驾驶飞机飞行世界的女性。故选D。BHumanshavebeenlivingandworkingonthespacestationforover20years.Theirmealsarepackaged,thoughsometimesastronautsreceivefreshtreatsfromresupplymissions.Thelongerthatpackagedfoodisstored,themoreitlosesnutrientslikevitaminCandvitaminK.Astronautshavesuccessfullygrown10differentcropsonthespacestationsince2015andhadthechancetosample(品尝)eachone.TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayastheycelebratedtheharvestofthefirstchilipeppers(辣椒)growninspace.ThecrewfinallyhadachancetotastethepeppersafterinitiallykickingofftheplantexperimentonthespacestationinJuly.PlantHabitat-04isoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratorytodatebecausepepperstakemuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplants.Aftergrowingforfourmonths,thepepperswereharvestedonFriday.PeppersprovideagreatsourceofvitaminC,aswellasotherkeynutrients.Pepperplantsself-pollinate(自花授粉),sotheyareeasytogrow,andtheyareapick-and-eatcropthatdoesn’thavetobecooked.Theyarealsosafetoeatraw.Asideeffectoflifeinzerogravityisthatastronautsoftenlosesomeoftheirtasteandsmell,sospicyorwell-seasonedfoodsareafavorite.Addingfreshgreensorpepperstothemenuallowsastronautstolivenuptheirregularmeals.Butgrowingandtendingtotheplantscanalsoproduceotherbenefits.Astronautshavedescribedthejoyfromseeing—aswellassmellingandcaringfor—leafygreenplantsonthespacestationthatremindthemofEarth.“Growingcolorfulvegetablesinspacecanhavelong-termbenefitsforphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,”saidMattRomeyn,principalinvestigatorfortheexperiment.“Wearediscoveringthatgrowingplantsandvegetableswithcolorsandsmellshelpstoimproveastronauts’well-being.”5.Howisthefoodastronautseatonthespacestation?A.Alwaysfresh. B.Lackofnutrients.C.Nevertasty. D.Fullofvitamins.6.WhatmakesPlantHabitat-04oneofthemostcomplexplantexperiments?A.Thetechnology. B.Growingprocess.C.Thevarietiesofplants. D.Growingtimerequired.7.Whichisthemostprobablereasonforaddingpepperstofoodforastronauts?A.Peppersaredelicious. B.Pepperscanimprovememory.C.Peppershelppreventdiseases. D.Pepperscanrestoreappetite.8.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheFunofGrowingChiliPeppersinSpaceB.TheAgriculturalGoalintheSpaceMissionC.TheFirstChiliPeppersGrowninSpaceD.TheChiliPeppersUsedintheSpaceMission【答案】5.B6.D7.D8.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员们在国际空间站首次种植辣椒的实验的相关情况。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Thelongerthatpackagedfoodisstored,themoreitlosesnutrientslikevitaminCandvitaminK.(包装食品储存的时间越长，失去的维生素C和维生素K等营养物质就越多)”可知，包装食品放得时间越长，它就损失越多营养。因此可推知，太空站宇航员吃的食物缺少营养。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“PlantHabitat-04isoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratorytodatebecausepepperstakemuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplants.(PlantHabitat-04是迄今为止轨道实验室中最复杂的植物实验之一，因为辣椒的生长时间比之前的实验植物长得多)”可知，PlantHabitat-04是最为复杂的植物实验之一，是因为辣椒的生长周期比其他之前做过实验的植物长。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段第一、二句“Asideeffectoflifeinzerogravityisthatastronautsoftenlosesomeoftheirtasteandsmell,sospicyorwell-seasonedfoodsareafavorite.Addingfreshgreensorpepperstothemenuallowsastronautstolivenuptheirregularmeals.(在零重力环境下生活的一个副作用是宇航员经常会失去一些味觉和嗅觉，所以刺激性或调料丰富的食物是他们的最爱。在菜单中加入新鲜的蔬菜或辣椒可以让宇航员的日常饮食更有活力)”可知，零重力环境的一个副作用是宇航员们经常失去一部分味觉和嗅觉，把辣椒添加到食物中可以让宇航员恢复食欲。故选D项。【8题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayastheycelebratedtheharvestofthefirstchilipeppers(辣椒)growninspace.(周五，国际空间站为宇航员举办了一场派对，庆祝第一批太空辣椒的收获)”可知，文章主要介绍了宇航员们在国际空间站首次进行种植辣椒实验的相关情况。C项“第一次在太空种植辣椒”符合文章主旨，适合作本文的标题。故选C项。CManychildrenfirstlearnthevalueofmoneybyreceivinganallowance.Thepurposeistoletchildrenlearnfromexperienceatanagewhenfinancialmistakesarenotverycostly.Theamountofmoneythatparentsgivetotheirchildrentospendastheywishdiffersfromfamilytofamily.Timingisanotherconsideration.Somechildrengetaweeklyallowance.Othersgetamonthlyallowance.Inanycase,parentsshouldmakeclearwhat,ifanything,thechildisexpectedtopayforwiththemoney.Atfirst,youngchildrenmayspendalloftheirallowancesoonaftertheyreceiveit.Iftheydothis,theywilllearnthehardwaythatspendingmustbedonewithinabudget.Parentsareusuallyadvisednottooffermoremoneyuntilthenextallowance.Theobjectistoshowyoungpeoplethatabudgetdemandschoicesbetweenspendingandsaving.Olderchildrenmayberesponsibleenoughtosavemoneyforlargercosts,likeclothingorelectronics.Manypeoplewhohavewrittenonthesubjectofallowancessayitisnotagoodideatopayyourchildforworkaroundthehome.Thesejobsareanormalpartoffamilylife.Payingchildrentodoextraworkaroundthehouse,however,canbeuseful.Itcanevenprovideanunderstandingofhowabusinessworks.Allowancesgivechildrenachancetoexperiencethethreethingstheycandowithmoney.Theycanshareitintheformofgiftsorgivingittoagoodcause.Theycanspenditbybuyingthingstheywant.Ortheycansaveit.9.Whatisspecialaboutchildrenlearningfinancialmanagementbyexperience?A.Theylearnmorequickly.B.Theyarenotaslikelytomakemistakes.C.Theirmistakeswon'tmattersomuch.D.Theyhaveplansmadebytheirparents.10.Whenthewritersayssomeyoungchildren"willlearnthehardwaythat..."inPara.4,hemeans________.A.theywillknowhowharditistolearnbudgetB.theywillhaveaneasytimelearningthelessonC.whattheywilllearnisabsolutelytrueD.theirparentswillteachthemahardlesson11.Judgingfromthearticle,itisallrightifacouplegivetheirsonanallowance________.A.regularlytwiceeverymonthB.wheneverhehasrunoutofmoneyC.tellinghimtoaskforpermissionbeforespendingD.withouttellinghimwhattospendon12.Thewriterwouldagreetoencouragethekidsto________todealwithatightbudget.A.borrowmoneyfromothers B.asktheirparentsformoremoneyC.getpaidfortheirhouseholdroutines D.earnmoneybyextrawork【答案】9.C10.A11.A12.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者就家长该如何合理分发零花钱而帮助孩子建立理财意识提出了自己的观点。【详解】1.细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句“Thepurposeistoletchildrenlearnfromexperienceatanagewhenfinancialmistakesarenotverycostly.”（这样做的目的是让孩子们在犯财务错误代价不高的年纪从经验中学习。）可知，通过经验让孩子学习理财的特殊性在于，在犯财务错误代价不高的年纪中犯的错误不会太重要。故选C项。2.句意猜测题。由第四段关键句“Atfirst,youngchildrenmayspendalloftheirallowancesoonaftertheyreceiveit.Iftheydothis,theywilllearnthehardwaythatspendingmustbedonewithinabudget.”（首先，年幼的孩子可能在收到零用钱后不久就花光了。如果他们这样做了，他们就会明白，花费必须在预算之内。）可知，如果开始时孩子们很快花完了补助，而父母要到下一次才能给他们零花钱，他们的学习理财的日子肯定很难熬了。因此推断作者的意思是说小孩子们将会知道学习理财是多么困难。故选A项。3.推理判断题。由第二段关键句“Theamountofmoneythatparentsgivetotheirchildrentospendastheywishdiffersfromfamilytofamily.Timingisanotherconsideration.Somechildrengetaweeklyallowance.Othersgetamonthlyallowance.”（每个家庭父母给孩子的零花钱数额各不相同。时机是另一个需要考虑的因素。有些孩子每周得到零用钱。其他人每月得到零用钱。）可知，选项A中的父母规律性每个月给两次零花钱，符合作者的观点。故选A项。4.推理判断题。由倒数第二段中关键句“Payingchildrentodoextraworkaroundthehouse,however,canbeuseful.Itcanevenprovideanunderstandingofhowabusinessworks.”（然而，付钱让孩子在家里做额外的工作可能是有用的。它甚至可以提供业务该如何进行的理解。）可推断，当补助预算吃紧时，作者赞成孩子通过干些额外的活的方式来赚些钱。故选D项。第二节(共5个小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Throughoutmylife,thereisoneteacherwhoreallyimpressesme.____13____.Mytimein8thgradefeltlikeforeverbecauseyoujustwanttobeinhighschoolalready.Mathyoujustwantedtosleep,scienceyouwantedtocry,socialstudiesyouwouldwishforittobeover,butEnglishclasswouldjustmakeupforthewholeday.Mrs.Thomaswouldactuallymakemewanttostayawakeinherclass.Itwaslikesheactuallyunderstoodusandknewhowtokeepourfullattention.EverydayIcouldn’twaittogotoherclass.____14____Youcouldtalktoherlikeshewasyourfriendandnotyourboss.____15____Likeinthebeginningoftheyearshemadeustakepicturesofourselvesandwritegoalsofwhatyouwantedfortheschoolyear.Everyday,whenyouwouldcomeintoclass,youwouldlookatyourgoalsandseeifyouachieveany;itwasprettysmart.Iremembershealsomadeuswritealettertoourselvesinthebeginningoftheyear.Weopenedthemattheendoftheyeartoseehowmuchwechanged.Itwaslikeshewastryingtopushustobeabletocompletethosegoals,sothatlateroninlifewecanusethatabilityagain.____16____IfyouwantedanA,youhadtoworkforthatA.Mrs.Thomasnotonlygotusreadyforhighschoolbutalsoreallypreparedmeforlifeinthefuture.____17____A.Thefollowingisaclassshetaughtus.B.Shemademerealizehowinterestinglearningcanbe.C.Sheoftenmadeusstruggleforwhatwedreamedofinlife.D.Irememberhowmuchfunitwastodoactivityinherclass.E.ShewouldwakemeupwhenIsometimessleptinherclass.F.Shewouldmakejokesthatwouldrelatetothelessonandpleaseus.G.I’mjustwaitingforthenextteacherwhocanaffectmylifeandmeasaperson.【答案】13.B14.F15.D16.C17.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位让作者印象深刻的老师。【13题详解】根据上文“Throughoutmylife,thereisoneteacherwhoreallyimpressesme.(在我的一生中，有一位老师让我印象深刻。)”可知，空处解释这位老师如何令作者印象深刻。B项：Shemademerealizehowinterestinglearningcanbe.(她让我意识到学习是多么有趣。)符合语境。故选B。【14题详解】根据上文“EverydayIcouldn’twaittogotoherclass.(每天我都迫不及待地想去上她的课。)”可知，空处解释说明喜欢上老师课的原因，F项中的“thelesson”和上文的“herclass”对应。F项：Shewouldmakejokesthatwouldrelatetothelessonandpleaseus.(她会讲一些与课程有关的笑话，让我们高兴。)符合语境。故选F。【15题详解】根据下文“Likeinthebeginningoftheyearshemadeustakepicturesofourselvesandwritegoalsofwhatyouwantedfortheschoolyear.Everyday,whenyouwouldcomeintoclass,youwouldlookatyourgoalsandseeifyouachieveany;itwasprettysmart.(像在年初，她让我们拍自己的照片，为本学年写你想要的目标。每天，当你来上课的时候，你会看看你的目标，看看你是否实现了；这很聪明。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是这位老师在课堂上进行的一些活动。D项：Irememberhowmuchfunitwastodoactivityinherclass.(我还记得在她的课上做活动是多么有趣。)符合语境。故选D。16题详解】根据上文“Itwaslikeshewastryingtopushustobeabletocompletethosegoals,sothatlateroninlifewecanusethatabilityagain.(就好像她在努力推动我们去完成那些目标，这样我们在以后的生活中就可以再次使用这种能力。)”和下文“IfyouwantedanA,youhadtoworkforthatA.(如果你想要一个A，你必须为它努力。)”可知，这位老师让作者他们为了梦想而奋斗。C项中的“madeusstruggle”和上文的“pushus”对应。C项：Sheoftenmadeusstruggleforwhatwedreamedofinlife.(她经常让我们为生活中的梦想而奋斗。)符合语境。故选C。【17题详解】根据上文“Mrs.Thomasnotonlygotusreadyforhighschoolbutalsoreallypreparedmeforlifeinthefuture.(托马斯夫人不仅让我们为高中生活做好了准备，也为我未来的生活做好了准备。)”可知，空处表示作者期待未来也能遇到这样的好老师。G项：I’mjustwaitingforthenextteacherwhocanaffectmylifeandmeasaperson.(我只是在等待下一个可以影响我的生活和我作为一个人的老师)符合语境。故选G。第三部分完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)ThefirsttimemygrandmacametovisitusinCanadashewasalittleupset.She____18____thattherewasnothingtodo.Beforemygrandmaarrived,Iusedtotendtheflowerinourgarden.ButwhileIwasatschoolandmyparentswereatwork,mygrandma,feeling____19____,camedownuponthelittlepieceofland.Shepulledouttheannuals(一年生植物)and____20____thosewithorderlyrowsofgreencabbages,onionsandother____21____.Itoldhertostop,tokeeptheflowers.“They’reprettybutthey’re____22____,”shesaidmatter-of-factly.IwasannoyeduntilIlearnedsomethingaboutherpast.Grandmawas____23____atthetimeofaseverefamine(严重饥荒).Shelostherparentsanddideverythingonherown.____24____,shenevercriedaboutittoanyone.Differenttimes____25____uniquecharacters.Mygrandmawasshapedbythe____26____ofherfamilymembersandthedifficultiesinChina’srecenthistory.Thosewhoexperiencedthefamineare____27____unwillingtousevaluablelandtoplantflowers.Her____28____,responsibility,diligenceandfrugality(勤俭),helpedherthroughthosedifficultyears,someofwhichwerelaiddownbythehandsoftime,andtochangethemnowwould____29____her.Sheisanessential____30____betweenmyfamily’spastandfuture—she____31____hertimeschallengestosupportthenextgeneration.Someday,Iwillbelikemygrandmaand____32____mysmallparttohuman’smovingon.18.A.believed B.ignored C.complained D.claimed19.A.bored B.embarrassed C.concerned D.delighted20.A.removed B.surrounded C.decorated D.replaced21.A.trees B.flowers C.grasses D.vegetable22.A.useless B.complicated C.expensive D.sufficient23.A.pickedup B.letdown C.broughtup D.takenin24.A.Besides B.Otherwise C.However D.Instead25.A.create B.maintain C.contain D.select26.A.loss B.experience C.blessing D.love27.A.gradually B.naturally C.rarely D.immediately28.A.intelligence B.independence C.patience D.confidence29.A.scare B.break C.threaten D.attach30.A.direction B.difference C.bridge D.balance31.A.escaped B.battled C.documented D.adapted32.A.attract B.contribute C.influence D.apply【答案】18.C19.A20.D21.D22.A23.C24.C25.A26.A27.B28.B29.B30.C31.B32.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的奶奶来作者家做客，把作者院子里的一年生植物拔出来种上蔬菜，开始作者不理解奶奶的行为，但是了解到奶奶是在严重饥荒时被抚养长大的之后，作者理解了奶奶的行为并打算向她学习。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她抱怨说没什么事可做。A.believed相信；B.ignored忽视；C.complained抱怨；D.claimed声称。根据上文“ThefirsttimemygrandmacametovisitusinCanadashewasalittleupset.”以及下文“therewasnothingtodo”可知，奶奶有点不高兴，所以此处表示奶奶在抱怨无事可做。故选C项。【19题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当我在学校，我的父母在工作时，我的奶奶感到无聊，来到了这片小土地上。A.bored无聊的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.concerned担忧的；D.delighted开心的。根据上文“She____1____thattherewasnothingtodo.”以及“ButwhileIwasatschoolandmyparentswereatwork,”可知，奶奶无事可做，作者在上学，作者的父母在工作，所以奶奶感到无聊。故选A项。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她拔出一年生植物，换上一排排整齐卷心菜、洋葱和其他蔬菜。A.removed移除；B.surrounded围绕；C.decorated装饰；D.replaced替换。根据上文“Shepulledouttheannuals(一年生植物)”以及下文“thosewithorderlyrowsofgreencabbages,onionsandother____4____.”可知，此处表示奶奶将一年生植物拔出来，换成了种其他的蔬菜。故选D项。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她拔出一年生植物，换上一排排整齐的卷心菜、洋葱和其他蔬菜。A.trees树；B.flowers花；C.grasses草；D.vegetable蔬菜。根据上文“greencabbages,onionsandother”以及常识可知，此处表示卷心菜、洋葱和其他蔬菜。故选D项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“它们很漂亮，但没用，”她实事求是地说。A.useless无用的；B.complicated复杂的；C.expensive昂贵的；D.sufficient足够的。根据上文“Shepulledouttheannuals(一年生植物)and____3____thosewithorderlyrowsofgreencabbages,onionsandother____4____.”可推知，奶奶拔出一年生植物，这是由于奶奶认为它们是无用的，所以把它们拔出来种上蔬菜。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：奶奶是在一场严重饥荒时被抚养长大的。A.pickedup捡起；B.letdown让……失望；C.broughtup养育、抚养；D.takenin吸收。根据上文“IwasannoyeduntilIlearnedsomethingaboutherpast.”以及语境可知，此处表示作者的奶奶是在严重饥荒时被抚养长大的。故选C项。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她从未向任何人哭诉此事。A.Besides此外；B.Otherwise否则；C.However然而；D.Instead相反。根据上文“Shelostherparentsanddideverythingonherown.”以及下文“shenevercriedaboutittoanyone.”可知，奶奶失去了父母，一切都靠自己，与下文她从未向任何人哭诉此事之间是转折关系，空处应用副词However，表示“然而”。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不同的时代造就了独特的人物。A.create创造；B.maintain维持；C.contain包含；D.select挑选。根据下文“Mygrandmawasshapedbythe____9____ofherfamilymembersandthedifficultiesinChina’srecenthistory.”可知，作者奶奶的成长是中国近代史上的困难塑造的，此处表示不同的时代造就独特的人物。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的奶奶是由失去家人和中国近代史上的困难所塑造的。A.loss失去；B.experience经历、经验；C.blessing祝福，幸事；D.love爱。根据上文“Shelostherparentsanddideverythingonherown.”可知，此处表示奶奶失去家人。故选A项。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：那些经历过饥荒的人，自然不愿意利用宝贵的土地来种花。A.gradually逐渐地；B.naturally自然地；C.rarely罕见地；D.immediately立刻。根据上文“Thosewhoexperiencedthefamineare”以及常识可知，经历过饥荒的人不愿意利用宝贵的土地来种花，这是自然的反应。故选B项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的独立、责任、勤奋和节俭帮助她度过了那些艰难的岁月，其中一些是由时间沉淀下来的，现在改变它们会让她崩溃。A.intelligence智力；B.independence独立；C.patience耐心；D.confidence信心。根据上文“Shelostherparentsanddideverythingonherown.”以及下文“responsibility,diligenceandfrugality(勤俭),helpedherthroughthosedifficultyears,”可知，此处表示奶奶的独立、责任、勤奋和节俭帮助她度过那些艰难的岁月。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的独立、责任、勤奋和节俭帮助她度过了那些艰难的岁月，其中一些是由时间沉淀下来的，现在改变它们会让她崩溃。A.scare使害怕；B.break打破、摧毁；C.threaten威胁；D.attach重视。根据上文“Her____11____,responsibility,diligenceandfrugality(勤俭),helpedherthroughthosedifficultyears,someofwhichwerelaiddownbythehandsoftime,andtochangethemnowwould”可知，奶奶的品质使她度过了那些艰难的岁月，所以此处表示改变这些品质会使奶奶崩溃。故选B项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她是我家庭过去和未来之间的重要桥梁——她与时代的挑战作斗争，支持下一代。A.direction方向；B.difference不同；C.bridge桥；D.balance平衡。根据下文“betweenmyfamily’spastandfuture—she____14____hertimeschallengestosupportthenextgeneration.”可知，作者的奶奶连接了家庭的过去和未来，是其中的重要桥梁。故选C项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她是我家庭过去和未来之间的重要桥梁——她与时代的挑战作斗争，支持下一代。A.escaped逃跑；B.battled与……战斗；C.documented记录；D.adapted适应，改编。根据上文“Grandmawas____6____atthetimeofaseverefamine(严重饥荒).Shelostherparentsanddideverythingonherown.____7____,shenevercriedaboutittoanyone.Differenttimes____8____uniquecharacters.”以及下文“hertimeschallengestosupportthenextgeneration.”可知，奶奶早年失去父母，在饥荒中长大，与时代抗争才造就了现在的奶奶，所以此处表示奶奶与时代的挑战作斗争，支持下一代。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：总有一天，我会像我的奶奶一样，为人类的前进贡献我的一份微薄的力量。A.attract吸引；B.contribute贡献；C.influence影响；D.apply申请。根据下文“mysmallparttohuman’smovingon”以及语境可知，此处表示为人类的前进贡献一份力量，contributeto为固定短语，意为“对……作出贡献”，符合题意。故选B项。第四部分词汇运用及读背考察(共两节，满分16分)第一节根据汉语提示或所给单词，利用词汇的正确形式进行填空。(每空1词)(共8小题;每小题1分，满分8分)33.Thedevelopmentofsharingeconomyprovidesanewideaforustowiselyusethelimited________(资源)onEarth.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】resources【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：共享经济的发展为我们合理利用地球上有限的资源提供了新的思路。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用名词resource，为可数名词，空处应用名词的复数形式表示泛指，作动词use的宾语。故填resources。34.Allourdreamwillcometrueifwehavethecourageto________(追求)them.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】pursue【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：如果我们有勇气去追求，我们所有的梦想都会实现。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用动词pursue，不定式符号to后接动词原形形式。故填pursue。35.Visitorsarenot________(允许)toentertheparkafterdarkbecauseofthelackoflighting.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】permitted【解析】【详解】考查动词的语态。句意：由于缺乏照明，天黑后游客不得进入公园。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用动词permit，与主语visitors之间是被动关系，所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式，与空前的are构成一般现在时的被动语态，符合题意。故填permitted。36.Themostimportantthingistotrynottoletacalmdiscussionturnintoaheated________(argue).（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】argument【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：最重要的是尽力不要让平静的讨论变成激烈的争吵。设空处作turninto的宾语，且空前有形容词heated修饰，应用名词，前面有a修饰，名词用单数形式。故填argument。37.Shegavemea__________(determine)look-thekindthatsaidshewouldnotchangehermind.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】determined【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她不会改变主意。分析句子可知，设空处修改名词look，应用形容词作定语，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，故填determined。38.Second,don’tspendyourvacationtimeinaplacewhereeverythingistooexpensivesoasto________(保持)apositivemood.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】maintain【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二，不要把你的假期花在一个一切都太贵的地方来保持积极的情绪。根据汉语提示“保持”是动词maintain,以及句子结构可知此用作不定式作目的状语。故填maintain。39.WhathesaidwassoconfusingthatIcouldhardlymakeouthistrue________(intend).(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】intention【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他说的话很含糊，我几乎弄不清他的真正意图。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，intend的名词形式是intention。故填intention。40.Hequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,andwas_________（commit）topracticingit.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】committed【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：他很快发现自己爱上了弹奏这种乐器，并致力于练习。becommittedtodoingsth表示“致力于做某事”，空处需要填形容词。故填committed。第二节(共8小题;每小题1分，满分8分)结合语境写出黑体词(组)在语境中的确切含义41.Hisvoicewasquietbuteverywordwasdistinct.42.NASAhasbeentryingtomonitorspacejunk,butsomesmallbitsstillcan’tbetrackedwithcurrenttechnologies.43.Honestyisanimportantelementofhisachievinggreatsuccessinbusiness.44.Everyoneofusshouldhavetheobligationtoprotectournaturalenvironment.45.Incaseyoufeelnervousduringtheinterview,youcanmakefullpreparationsinadvance.46.Wewereinformedthatthemeetingwouldbepostponeduntilthefollowingweek.47.Herworkhasbeencrucialtotheproject’ssuccess.48.Therewillbeanincreasingnumberofretiredandelderlypeopletobeprovidedforbyasmallernumberofworkers.【答案】41.清楚的42.监测43.因素，要素44.义务45.以防，以免46.推迟47.至关重要的48.供给，供应【解析】【41题详解】考查形容词。句意：他的声音很轻柔，但每个字都很清楚。根据句中but可知，句子前后表示转折关系，虽然声音很轻柔，但是每个字都很清楚，distinct意为“清楚的”。故答案为：清楚的。【42题详解】考查动词。句意：美国国家航空航天局一直在努力监测太空垃圾，但一些小碎片仍然无法用目前的技术追踪。根据句中can’tbetracked可知，有一些小碎片仍然无法追踪，所以前句表示美国国家航空航天局一直在努力监测太空垃圾，monitor意为“监测”。故答案为：监测。【43题详解】考查名词。句意：诚实是他在商业上取得巨大成功的重要因素。结合语意以及常识可知，诚实是在商业上取得成功的重要因素，element意为“因素，要素”。故答案为：因素，要素。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：我们每个人都应该有义务保护我们的自然环境。结合语意以及常识可知，保护自然环境是我们每个人的义务，obligation意为“义务”。故答案为：义务。【45题详解】考查介词短语。句意：以防你在面试中感到紧张，你可以提前做好充分的准备。根据语境可知，为防止在面试中紧张，