海南省三亚市某校2023-2024学年高二上学期期末检测英语试题（A卷）【含答案解析】

2025届高二(上)期末考试试题英语A卷时量：120分钟分值：150分第一部分听力第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenSarahandMr.Wilson?A.Brotherandsister. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Parentandkid.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Sarah,I’vefinishedmarkingtheEnglishtestyoudidlastweek.I’mverypleasedwiththeresult,soreally,congratulations.W:Thanksforyouradvice,Mr.Wilson.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhydoesthewomantalktoJohn?A.Toaskafavor. B.Tomakeanappointment. C.Topassonamessage.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:HiJohn.Listen,Iforgottotellyouhowtoopenthedoortotheapartment.Youhavetoturnthehandleupfirst.Buttumthekeybeforeyouturnthehandledownagain.M:OK.Gotit.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atthechemist's. B.Atarestaurant. C.Athome.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,mydoctortoldmetobuysomemedicine.DoyouhavethemedicineIneed?M:Letmehavealook.Yes,wedo.Hereyougo.Youneedtotaketwopillseverymorningafterameal.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afamouschef. B.Anewcafé. C.Afoodproject.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Jack,haveyouheardoftheRealJunkFoodProject?M:Ofcourse.Itisbeingruninalocalcafewheretheentiremenuisproducedfromingredientsthathavebeenwasted.W:Right.Theprojecthasinspiredsimilarcafesaroundtheworld.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whattimewillthewomangetbackhometonight?A.Atabout7. B.Atabout7:30. C.Atabout8.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M：Ifyouneedthebook,Icanbringitroundtoyourhousetonight.Willyoubein?W：Well,Ivegotatennisclassuntil7,butI’llbebackabouthalfanhourafterthat.M：OK.I’mmeetingRichardat8,butIcancomeroundtoyourplacefirst.It’sonthewayanyway.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6WhatdoweknowaboutMargaret?A.Shewillgraduatesoon. B.Shehasgotanewjob. C.Shehasgotpromoted.7.What’sthewoman’sattitudetowardthenews?A.Satisfied. B.Surprised. C.Unconcerned.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】W:Don,isMargaretreallyleavingourcompany?M:No,she’sbeensenttoNewYork.Andshe’sbeenofferedahigherpositionproductmanager.It’sabigresponsibility,butIhavenodoubtthatshe’llsucceed.W:Really?That’samazingnews.M:She’smanagedtodoreallywell,consideringsheonlyjoinedthegroupfouryearsagoaftergraduation.She’salwaysbeenhard-working.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.WhydoesPhylliscallEvanPeters?A.Tosendaninvitation.B.Tooffersomeinformation.C.Toconfirmabooking.9.WhatdoesPhyllissuggestEvanPetersdo?A.Buytheticketanotherday.B.Planthetripinadvance.C.Contacttheairlineimmediately.【答案】8.B9.A【解析】【原文】M:Hello.ThisisEvanPetersspeaking.W:Hi,Mr.Peters.ThisisPhylisfromMysticTravel.I’mcallingaboutyourtriptoBudapest.Iwanttoletyouknowthattheairlinedroppedthepriceoftheticketyouwantedbyfiftydollars.M:Wo!Theremusthealotofcompetitionbetweenairlinesrightnow.W:Absolutely.I’dsuggestwaitinganotherdaybeforeactuallybuyingtheticketbecausefaresmightcontinuetogodown.Ijustwanttotellyouthegoodnews.M:Goodidea!Let’swaitforanotherday.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.WhendidAmberbeginattendingcollege?A.Atage18. B.Atage19. C.Atage20.11.WhatdidAmberthinkofworkingforHighlights?A.Itwasboring. B.Itwasdemanding. C.Itwasinteresting.12.HowdidAmberknowaboutYouthBeautyCompetition?A.FromtheTV. B.Fromaposter. C.Fromherboss.13.WhatdidAmberdowithmostofherprizemoney?A.Sheputitinthebank.B.Shespentitonavehicle.C.Shedonatedittoaschool.【答案】10.C11.C12.B13.A【解析】【原文】M:Amber,canyoutellusabitaboutyourself?W:Sure.Ileftschoolat18andwasunemployedforsixmonthswhenIwas19.ThenIwenttocollegethenextyear.I’vealwaysbeeninterestedinbeautyandfashion,soitwasanaturalchoiceforme.M:Whatdidyoudoaftergraduation?W:IgotajobasanassistantdesigneratHighlights.Itwasafunplace.Thecustomerswerefriendlyandtheownerwasreallynice.M:Youwonthisyear’sYouthBeautyCompetition,didn’tyou?W:Yes,butitwasquiteunexpected.IwasshoppinginthesupermarketwhenIsawthecompetitionposter.Isignedupforitwithouthesitation.Ievenaskedmyworkmatestohelpme.M:Howdidyoufeelwhenyouwon?W:Shocked,reallyshocked.Iwasawardedalargeamountofmoneyastheprize,partofwhichIusedtobuyanewcarformyparents.ButIdidn’tgomad.Morethanthree-quartersofthemoneyisstillinmybankaccount.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.WhatdoesStephenhaveaproblemwith?A.Developingahabit. B.Managingthetime. C.Focusingontasks.15.Whydoesthewomanrecommendusingadiary?A.Toplantheweekahead.B.Torememberkeydates.C.Towritedownfeelings.16.Whatsuggestiondoesthewomangiveaboutcreatingato-dolist?A.Sharethelistwithfriends.B.Writeimportantthingsonthelistfirst.C.Makethelistforthenextdaythenightbefore.17.WhatwillStephendonext?A.Takeaclass. B.Seeafriend. C.Dosomeshopping.【答案】14.B15.A16.C17.C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Stephen.It’sbeenawhilesinceIlastsawyou.So,whydidyouneedtoseeme?M:Well,Ineedsomeadvicetohelpmemanagemytimebetter.Ialwaysseemtoleavethingstothelastminute.It’sreallystressingmeout.W:Thatisaproblem.Doyouhaveoneofthosebigwallcalendars?M:No.Howmightthecalendarcomeinuseful?W:Well,acalendarisperfectforhelpingyourememberthekeydates.Youcouldusethattoputintermdates,essaydeadlines,andthedatesofanypresentations.Andyoumayalsoneedadiary.M:Right.IcouldwritedownhowI’mfeelingeachday.W:Ithinkit’sbesttouseittostructuretheweek.SitdownwithitonaMondaymorningandstartwithallthethingsyouhavetodothatweek.M:Great.WhatelsedoIneed?W:Youshouldalsowriteato-dolist.Beforeyougotobedeverynight,havealookthroughthediaryfortherestoftheweekandwritealistofthingsyouneedtodothenextday.M:Yes,it’llbeagoodreminder.Thankyou!I’llgotothestudentshopnowandgetthesethings.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whoisthespeakeraimedat?A.Thosewhofeeldepressed.B.Thosewhoneedsomerest.C.Thosewhoaremusiclovers.19.What'isthespeakergoingtodofirst?A.TalktoTessa. B.Playsomemusic. C.Hangoutwithfriends.20.Whatdoesthespeakerdo?A.She'sahostess. B.She'samusician. C.She'sapsychologyteacher.【答案】18.A19.B20.A【解析】【原文】Higuys,we’vegotareallycoolprogramplannedforyouthismorning.TodayI’mreachingouttoallofyouwhoarefeelingblue.AndI’mheretohelpyougetoverit!Butletmeclearsomethingupfirst.IknowthatIcancomeacrossasabitcrazyandoffthewall,butIdoknowwhatitfeelsliketobedown.Weallhavethosedays,don’twe?Buthey,mymessagewouldbedon’ttakeupwiththewrongsortandmakesureyouhangoutwithpositivepeople.Trynottogetstuckinnegativeemotions.Icanhearyousaying,that’sallverywell-butwhoareyoutotelluswhattodo?You’reabsolutelyrightthere,soontheshowthismorning,I’mreallyhappytohaveapsychologyexpertwho’sheretofillyouinonsomemoredetails.Tessawillbehereinthestudioinafewminutes…So,inthemeantime,here’sabitofmusic.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）ATopThemeParksandAmusementParksinAustraliaMagicMountainMerimbulaLocatedinthetownofMerimbula,thissmallthemeparkissituatedontheSapphireCoast.TherearemultipleattractionsinthisplaceincludingKiddieSplashPool,MagicCarpetSlideandtheDiamondPythonRollerCoaster.Youcanbuysouvenirsfromthegiftshopsforfriendsandfamilybackhome.Openinghours:MondaytoSunday10amto4pmPrice:$90perpersonTheBigBananaFunParkTheBigBananaFunParkislocatedinthecityofCoffsHarbouranditboastsalargewalk-throughbanana.Guestscangorollerskatingattheice-skatingrinkenjoywaterslidesandplaygolf.Openinghours:MondaytoSunday9amto5pmPrice:$25peradult(age13-99);$15perchild(age1-12)WetWildGoldCoastOwnedandoperatedbytheVillageRoadshowThemeParks,thisparkfeatures17waterslides,4pools,and2children’sareas.Ifyouaretravelingduringthewinterseason,thereisnothingtoworryasthepoolsandslidesareheatedaccordingtoyourconvenience.Openinghours:MondaytoSunday10amto5pmPrice:$24perpersonBigSplashWaterparkFeaturingnineslides,a50-meter(164feet)pool,andkiddiepools,thisparkisaperfectspottochillwhenthesunisout.BeingoneoftheoldestthemeparksinAustralia,itboaststhefamousJammoPool.Openinghours:MondaytoSunday10amto6pmPrice:$150peradult(age13-99);40%discountperchild(age1-12)EnjoywithyourkidsatoneofthethemeparksinAustralia.21.WhatcanvisitorsdoinTheBigBananaFunPark?A.Rideonarollercoaster. B.Playgolf.C.Buygifts. D.Tastebigbananas.22.Howmuchwill8-year-oldtwinspayiftheygotoBigSplashWaterpark?A.$60. B.$90. C.$120. D.$180.23.Whoisthetextmostprobablyintendedfor?A.Parents. B.Children. C.Guides. D.Swimmers.【答案】21.B22.D23.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的几个顶级主题公园和游乐园。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第2个标题TheBigBananaFunPark的第2句话“Guestscangorollerskatingattheice-skatingrink,enjoywaterslidesandplaygolf.(游客可以在溜冰场滑旱冰，享受水滑梯和打高尔夫球)”可知，游客可以在TheBigBananaFunPark打高尔夫球。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第4个标题BigSplashWaterpark中的“Price:$150peradult(age13-99);40%discountperchild(age1-12)(价格：成人(13-99岁)每人150美元；每名儿童(1-12岁)4折折扣优惠)”可知，每位儿童票价是有40%的折扣，即打6折，所以，8岁的双胞胎去BigSplashWaterpark要花150×0.6×2=180美元。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“EnjoywithyourkidsatoneofthethemeparksinAustralia.(和你的孩子在澳大利亚的一个主题公园里尽情享受吧)”可推知，这篇文章最有可能是写给孩子们的父母的。故选A项。BThe2023NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoKatalinKarikóandDrewWeissmanfortheirworkonmRNAvaccines(疫苗),acrucialtoolinholdingbackthespreadofCOVID-19.Karikó,68,isfromHungary.Inthe1970s,shebeganstudyinganewareaofresearch:messengerRNA(mRNA).mRNAisaspecialmolecule(分子)whichcarriesinstructionsthattellcellswhatproteinstomake.Proteinsareoneofthebuildingblocksoflife.They’reinvolvedinalmosteveryprocessinlivingthings,fromfightingdiseasestobuildingmusclestohelpingourbodieswork.KarikówasexcitedabouttheideathatmRNAcouldbeusedtohelpthebodyfightmanydifferentdiseases.In1985,KarikómovedtoAmericatocontinueherresearch.In1989,shejoinedtheUniversityofPennsylvania(UPenn)inPhiladelphiaasascientist.Butastimewenton,theinitialexcitementsurroundingmRNAresearchstartedtodisappear,andotherscientiststhoughtitwastoofinanciallyriskytofund.Karikóhadtroublegettingmoneyforherresearch.Sheevengotapaycutfromtheschool.What’sworse,atthistime,shesufferedfromcancer.Butshestuckatit.KarikógottoknowanotherUPennscientist,DrewWeissmaninthelate1990swhilephotocopyingresearchpapers.HewashopingtofindawaytocreateavaccineforadiseaseknownasHIV.Thetwobegantalkingandsoondecidedtoworktogether.OneofthebiggestproblemsinusingmRNAasamedicinewasthatthehumanbodysawmRNAasanenemyandfoughtitoff.Together,theycameupwithanapproachtotreatingmRNA．In2005,theypublishedtheirkeydiscovery:mRNAcouldbechangedanddeliveredeffectivelyintothebodytoactivate(激活)thebody’sprotectiveimmunesystem.Thankstotheirwork,companieswereabletodevelopmRNAvaccinesfarmorequicklythaneverbefore,whichhavesavedmillionsoflivesaroundtheworld.24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkaboutregardingmRNA?A.Itsreflectionsonhealth. B.Itsmaincomponents.C.Itsthreatstoproteins. D.Itsresearchvalues.25.WhatcanwelearnaboutWeissmanaccordingtothetext?A.HemetKarikóbyaccident. B.HeappliedmRNAtoHIV.C.HeinvitedKarikótoUPenn. D.HehelpeddiscovermRNA.26.WhatisKarikóandWeissman’sscientificbreakthrough?A.TheirideaonhowtorecognizeCOVID-19fast.B.TheirmethodoftestingthemRNAvaccines’effect.C.TheirwaytomakethehumanbodyacceptmRNA.D.Theirexperimentofactivatingtheimmunesystem.27.WhatcanwelearnfromKarikó’sstory?A.Weshouldpursueexcellenceinourcareers.B.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.C.Scientists’workfollowstechnologicaltrends.DSuccesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。2023诺贝尔生理或医学奖揭晓——两位mRNA领域先驱卡里科和魏斯曼获奖。本文主要介绍了卡里科的研究历程。【24题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“mRNAisaspecialmolecule(分子)whichcarriesinstructionsthattellcellswhatproteinstomake.Proteinsareoneofthebuildingblocksoflife.They’reinvolvedinalmosteveryprocessinlivingthings,fromfightingdiseasestobuildingmusclestohelpingourbodieswork.KarikówasexcitedabouttheideathatmRNAcouldbeusedtohelpthebodyfightmanydifferentdiseases.(mRNA是一种特殊的分子，它携带指令，告诉细胞要制造什么蛋白质。蛋白质是生命的组成部分之一。它们几乎参与了生物的每一个过程，从对抗疾病到锻炼肌肉，再到帮助我们的身体工作。卡里科对mRNA可以用来帮助身体对抗许多不同疾病的想法感到兴奋。)”可知，关于mRNA，第2段主要谈到了其研究价值。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“KarikógottoknowanotherUPennscientist,DrewWeissmaninthelate1990swhilephotocopyingresearchpapers.(卡里科在20世纪90年代末复印研究论文时认识了另一位宾夕法尼亚大学科学家德鲁·魏斯曼。)”可知，Karikó遇到魏斯曼很偶然。故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“OneofthebiggestproblemsinusingmRNAasamedicinewasthatthehumanbodysawmRNAasanenemyandfoughtitoff.Together,theycameupwithanapproachtotreatingmRNA．In2005,theypublishedtheirkeydiscovery:mRNAcouldbechangedanddeliveredeffectivelyintothebodytoactivate(激活)thebody’sprotectiveimmunesystem.(使用mRNA作为药物的最大问题之一是，人体将mRNA视为敌人并将其击退。他们共同提出了一种处理mRNA的方法。2005年，他们发表了他们的关键发现：mRNA可以被改变并有效地输送到体内，以激活人体的保护性免疫系统。)”可知，这两位科学家的科学突破在于他们通过降低mRNA免疫原性使得人体接受mRNA。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章第三段中的“Karikóhadtroublegettingmoneyforherresearch.Sheevengotapaycutfromtheschool.What’sworse,atthistime,shesufferedfromcancer.Butshestuckatit.(卡里科很难为她的研究筹集资金。她甚至得到了学校的减薪。更糟糕的是，在这个时候，她患上了癌症。但她坚持了下来。)”可知，从卡里科的故事中我们能学到：成功源于持久的探索欲望。故选D。CWiththehelpofnewdevicesonmice,scientistsareusinglighttoswitchnervecellsonandoffinmice’sbrainstoexploretheanimals’socialbehavior,anewstudyshows.Thenewdevicesrelyonoptogenetics(光遗传学),atechniqueinwhichresearchersuseburstsoflighttostimulateorcontrolthebrainnervecells,oftenusingtailoredvirusestogeneticallycorrectcellssotheyrespondtolight.Scientistshaveappliedoptogeneticstoexploreneural(神经的)circuitsinmiceandotherlabanimalstocometoaconclusiononhowtheymightworkinhumans.Optogeneticdevicesoftenfeedlighttoneuronsviafiber-opticcables,butsuchthingscaninfluencenaturalbehaviorsandsocialinteractions.Whilescientistsrecentlydevelopedimplantable(可植入的)wirelessoptogeneticdevices,thesedependonrelativelysimpleremotecontrolsorlimitedsetsofpreprogrammedinstructions.Thesenewfullyimplantableoptogeneticdevicescanenablemorecomplexresearch.Specifically,theresearcherscanadjusteachdevice’sprogrammingduringthecourseofexperiment.“Soyoucantargetwhatananimaldoesinamuchmorecomplexway,”saysGeniaKozorovitskiy,aresearcheratNorthwesternUniversity.Thesedevicesarebattery-free,wirelesslypoweredbythesamehigh-frequencyradiowavesusedtoremotelycontroltheintensity,durationandtimingofthelightpulses.Thedevicesalsoallowscientiststocontrolfourdifferentneuralcircuitsinananimalsimultaneously,thankstoLEDsthatgiveoutfourcolors——blue,green,yellowandred——insteadofjustone.Thewidelyavailablewirelesstechnologyusedinthiswork,thesamenowusedincontactlesspaymentwithcreditcards,couldallowbroadadoptionacrosstheneurosciencecommunity“withoutextensivespecializedhardware”,saysPhilippGutrufattheUniversityofArizona.“Thatmeansthatwemightseethesedevicesinmanylabsinthenearfuture,enablingnewdiscoveries.”28.What’sscientists’purposeofusingoptogenetics?A.Tocontrolhumans’brainnervecells.B.Toaccountforhumans’socialinteractions.C.Tofigureouthowneuralcircuitsaffecthumans.D.Tocorrecttailoredvirusesenteringthehumanbodies.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“simultaneously”inparagraph4mean?A.Onceinawhile. B.Atthesametime.C.Byonesandtwos. D.Onaregularbasis.30.WhatcanweinferfromPhilippGutruf’swords?A.Thefunctionofwirelesstechnology.B.Thepromisingfutureofthedevices.C.Thenovelapplicationofthedevices.D.Thedevelopmentofwirelesstechnology.31.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ScientistsCanKillMicewithLightB.ScientistsControlHumans’SocialInteractionsC.ScientistsControlSocialBehaviorofMicewithNewDevicesD.ScientistsCanRecordHumanNeuralCircuitswithNewDevices【答案】28.C29.B30.B31.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述科学家研发了一种新型装置，它可以远程控制老鼠的社会行为。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientistshaveappliedoptogeneticstoexploreneural(神经的)circuitsinmiceandotherlabanimalstocometoaconclusiononhowtheymightworkinhumans.”(科学家已经应用光遗传学来探索老鼠和其他实验室动物的神经回路，从而得出它们可能在人类身上起作用的结论。)可知，科学家使用光遗传技术是为了弄清楚神经回路是如何影响人类的。故选C。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Thedevicesalsoallowscientiststocontrolfourdifferentneuralcircuitsinananimalsimultaneously,thankstoLEDsthatgiveoutfourcolors——blue,green,yellowandred——insteadofjustone.”(这种设备还可以让科学家simultaneously控制动物的四个不同的神经回路，这要归功于发光二极管，它可以发出四种颜色——蓝色、绿色、黄色和红色——而不是一种颜色。)可知，simultaneously是副词，描述这些装置还能让科学家控制动物的四个不同神经回路。根据发光二极管可以发出四种颜色可知，这四个不同神经回路是同时被控制的，所以simultaneously意为“同时地”和B选项意思一致。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“'withoutextensivespecializedhardware',saysPhilippGutrufattheUniversityofArizona.'Thatmeansthatwemightseethesedevicesinmanylabsinthenearfuture,enablingnewdiscoveries.'”(亚利桑那大学的菲利普·古特鲁夫说，“没有广泛的专业硬件。这意味着我们可能在不久的将来，在许多实验室看到这些设备，从而有新的发现。”)可知，PhilippGutruf说的话告诉了我们这种新型装置的发展前景。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Withthehelpofnewdevicesonmice,scientistsareusinglighttoswitchnervecellsonandoffinmice’sbrainstoexploretheanimals’socialbehavior,anewstudyshows.”(一项新的研究表明，在老鼠身上的新装置的帮助下，科学家们正在利用光来开关老鼠大脑中的神经细胞，以探索老鼠的社会行为。)可知，本文讲述科学家研发了一种新型装置，它可以远程控制老鼠的社会行为，C项“科学家们用新的设备来控制老鼠的社会行为”为最佳标题。故选C。DItmaynotberocketscience,butresearchershavefoundaerospaceengineersandneurosurgeons(神经外科医生)arenotnecessarilybrighterthanthegeneralpopulation.Researchersexamineddatafromaninternationalgroupof329aerospaceengineersand72brainsurgeonswhocompleted12tasksonlineusingtheGreatBritishIntelligenceTest.Thetasksexaminedvariousaspectsofcognition(认知),includingplanningandreasoning,workingmemory,attention,andemotionprocessingabilities.Theresearchersthencomparedtheresultsagainstthosepreviouslygatheredfrommorethan18,000membersoftheBritishpublic.Thefindings,whichwererecentlypublished,revealthatonlyneurosurgeonsshowedasignificantdifference,withquickerproblem-solvingspeedbutslowermemoryrecallcomparedwiththegeneralpopulation.“Thedifferenceinproblem-solvingspeedexhibitedbyneurosurgeonsmightarisefromthefast-pacednatureofneurosurgery,whichattractsthosewithapre-existingtalentforrapidprocessing,oritcouldbe,thoughlesslikely,aproductoftrainingforrapiddecision-makingintime-criticalsituations,”theresearchersnoted.Theresearcherssaidthestudywas,inpart,carriedouttolaytorestthequestionofwhetheroneoftheprofessionshadtheintellectualupperhand-atensionmadefamousbyacomedyshowinwhichaconfidentneurosurgeonisslappeddownbyanaerospaceexpertwhosays,“Brainsurgery...it’snotexactlyrocketscience,isit?”However,theteamfoundfewdifferencesbetweenthecognitiveabilitiesofaerospaceengineersandneuroscientists,althoughtheresultssuggesttheformerhadhigherscoresforattentionandmentalcontrol—suchasturningobjectsinone’shead—whileneurosurgeonsshowedhigherscoresinsemantic(语义的)problemsolving—suchasdefinitionsofrarewords.“Essentiallywhatwethinkitshowsisthateveryonehasarangeofskills,somepeoplearebetteratsomethingsandotherpeoplearebetteratotherthings,anditisverydifficulttobebetterineverythingacrosstheboard,”saidAswinChari,anauthorofthestudy.32.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theresearchsubjects. B.Theresearchmethod.C.Theresearchaspects. D.Theresearchbackground.33.Whatseemedtobethemajorcauseofneurosurgeons’quickerproblem-solvingspeedshowninthestudy?A.Fastdevelopmentofneurosurgery. B.Talentofneurosurgeons.C.Trainingforrapiddecision-making. D.Natureofproblemsolving.34Thestudywasconductedpartlybecausetheresearchers.

A.attemptedtoanswerthequestionaskedbytheaerospaceexpertintheshowB.wereeagertosolvetheconflictsbetweenneurosurgeonsandaerospaceengineersC.intendedtosettletheargumentovertheintellectualsuperiorityofthetwoprofessionsD.wantedtofindoutwhichofthetwoprofessionswasmoreintellectuallydemanding35.Whatismostlikelytobethepurposeofthistext?A.Toinformpeopleoftheresultsofacognitivestudy.B.Toencouragepeopletobeconfidentinthemselves.C.Toreduceprejudiceagainstcertainprofessions.D.Tocorrectmisunderstandingsaboutintelligence.【答案】32.B33.B34.C35.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过航天工程师和神经外科医生与1.8万名公众的智力测试结果进行比对，发现从事专业技术工作的人员只在某些领域表现较好，由此可知每个人有每个人各自擅长的方面，而在所有方面都做的很好是很难的。【32题详解】主旨大意题。第三段提到“Thetasksexaminedvariousaspectsofcognition(认知),includingplanningandreasoning,workingmemory,attention,andemotionprocessingabilities.Theresearchersthencomparedtheresultsagainstthosepreviouslygatheredfrommorethan18,000membersoftheBritishpublic.”（这些任务检查了认知的各个方面，包括计划和推理、工作记忆、注意力和情绪处理能力。然后，研究人员将这些结果与之前从1.8万名英国公众中收集的结果进行了比较）可知，本段主要介绍了研究的方法——对比两组人的智力水平。故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。第四段第二句提到““Thedifferenceinproblem-solvingspeedexhibitedbyneurosurgeonsmightarisefromthefast-pacednatureofneurosurgery,whichattractsthosewithapre-existingtalentforrapidprocessing,oritcouldbe,thoughlesslikely,aproductoftrainingforrapiddecision-makingintime-criticalsituations,”theresearchersnoted.”（研究人员指出:“神经外科医生解决问题的速度差异可能源于神经外科快节奏的本质，这吸引了那些本来就有快速处理问题天赋的人，也可能是(尽管可能性不大)在关键时间情况下进行快速决策训练的产物。”）可知，神经外科医生在此方面的天赋是导致其快速处理问题的主要原因。故选B。【34题详解】细节理解题。第五段第一句提到“Theresearcherssaidthestudywas,inpart,carriedouttolaytorestthequestionofwhetheroneoftheprofessionshadtheintellectualupperhand”（研究人员说，这项研究在一定程度上是为了解决是否有一种职业在智力上占上风的问题）可知，这项研究意在解决这两种职业智力优势的争论。故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段提到了该项研究的结果“butresearchershavefoundaerospaceengineersandneurosurgeonsarenotnecessarilybrighterthanthegeneralpopulation.”（研究人员发现，航天工程师和神经外科医生并不一定比普通人聪明）在接下来的文章内容中分别阐述了研究的内容及研究的方面。最后一段得出结论“Essentiallywhatwethinkitshowsisthateveryonehasarangeofskills,somepeoplearebetteratsomethingsandotherpeoplearebetteratotherthings,anditisverydifficulttobebetterineverythingacrosstheboard.”（从本质上说，我们认为这表明每个人都有各种技能，有些人擅长某些事情，有些人擅长其他事情，要在所有方面都做得更好是很难的）由此判断，本文的主要目的是告知人们认知研究的结果。故选A。【点睛】第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余选项。TheAncientChineseGameofGoWeiqi,knowninEnglishasGo,isoneofthefourskillsthatanancientChineseintellectual(知识分子)couldpossess.Ithasahistoryofwellover4,000yearsinChinaandremainspopular.Culturally,thisactivityisreally“morethanjustagame”.____36____OneofChina’sclassics,TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,describesthefamousgeneralGuanYuplayingGowhilereceivingsurgeryonhisarm.HistorybookshaverecordedquiteanumberofardentGofansfromeachdynasty.Today,therearestillmanyinChina,JapanandSouthKorea.WuYulin,aprofessional,explainsitsattraction,“InGo,youcanlearnthedialectics(辩证法)andmilitarystratagems.____37____Therearenumerousvariationswithinthegameandyoucanneverreachthebottomofit.”____38____HuaYigang,SecretaryGeneraloftheChinaGoAssociation,remarksonthecharacter-buildingqualitiesofGo.“Youhavetobecomeentirelycalm,otherwiseyoucan’tplayit.Youhavetobeverystrongofmind.____39____Youmightmakemistakesduringagame,andthenhavetoreadjustyourmentalityinordertofighttotheend.”Infact,allofourmindscanbenefitfromplayingGo,whichofficiallyhasthecapacitytomakeyousmarter.ResearchhasshownthatchildrenwhoplayGohavethepotentialforgreaterintelligence.____40____Today,thenumberofGofansinChinaisat36millionandrising.SomeuniversitieslikeBeijingUniversityareevenofferingcoursesinGotoundergraduates.A.There’salwayslossandgain.B.It’sawarbetweenequalpowers.C.Thatisbecauseitmotivatesboththerightandleftsidesofthebrain.D.Youcanalsocultivateyourcharacterandimproveyourintelligence.E.Butmoreoften,ancientChineseplayedGotocultivatetheirmindandcharacter.F.TheinfluenceofGoonChinesesocietyisquiteevidentinliteratureworks.G.ManypeoplealsolovethisancientgamefortheChinesephilosophyitcontains.【答案】36.F37.D38.E39.A40.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国围棋有益于人的智力和性格培养，并且已被某些大学纳入必修课程。【36题详解】根据下文“OneofChina’sclassics,TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,describesthefamousgeneralGuanYuplayingGowhilereceivingsurgeryonhisarm.(中国经典名著之一《三国演义》讲述了著名将领关羽在接受手臂手术时下围棋的故事)”可知，和围棋有关的故事出现在中国的一些经典名著中。F项“TheinfluenceofGoonChinesesocietyisquiteevidentinliteratureworks.(围棋对中国社会的影响在文学作品中表现得十分明显)”符合题意，下文是对选项内容的举例说明。故选F。【37题详解】根据上文“InGo,youcanlearnthedialectics(辩证法)andmilitarystratagems.(在围棋中，你可以学习辩证法和军事策略)”和下文“Therearenumerousvariationswithinthegameandyoucanneverreachthebottomofit.(棋局中有许多变化，你永远无法触及它的底部)”可知，通过围棋我们可以学习辩证法和军事策略，并且预测不到结局。这是在描写下围棋的好处，由此可知，空处也应是描写下围棋的好处。D项“Youcanalsocultivateyourcharacterandimproveyourintelligence.(你也可以培养你的性格和提高你的智力)”符合题意。故选D。【38题详解】根据下文“HuaYigang,SecretaryGeneraloftheChinaGoAssociation,remarksonthecharacter-buildingqualitiesofGo.(中国围棋协会秘书长华毅刚谈到了围棋的品格塑造)”可知，围棋可以培养人的品格和心性。E项“Butmoreoften,ancientChineseplayedGotocultivatetheirmindandcharacter.(但更多的时候，中国古人下棋是为了修身养性)”符合