广东省佛山市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末中教学质量检测英语试题【含答案解析】

2023~2024学年上学期佛山市普通高中教学质量检测高二英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节听力理解（共6小题，每小题2分，满分12分）材料及问题播放两遍。每段后有三个小题，各段播放前有5秒钟的阅题时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题的问题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。听第一段材料，回答第1-3题。材料和问题读两遍。1.Question1:（录音）A.Lookingforagoodschool.BImprovingeducationquality.C.Theimportanceofeducation.2.Question2:（录音）A.HongxingandBeihai.B.GuangmingandHongxing.C.BeihaiandGuangming.3.Question3:（录音）A.Guangming.B.Beihai.C.Hongxing.听第二段材料，回答第4-6题。材料和问题读两遍。4.Question4:（录音）A.Awaiter.B.Ashopassistant.C.Azookeeper.5.Question5:（录音）A.Sheofferedhimajob.B.Shegavehimsomeadvice.C.Sheintroducedhimtoherboss.6.Question6:（录音）A.Itwaswell-paid.B.Itwasperfectforhim.C.Itrequiredmuchexperience.第二节回答问题（共4小题，每小题2分，满分8分）听下面一段材料，然后回答问题。材料和问题读两遍，读完每个问题后你将有10秒钟的作答时间。7.Question7:（录音）Answer:________________________8.Question8:（录音）Answer:________________________9.Question9:（录音）Answer:________________________10.Question10:（录音）Answer:________________________第二部分阅读（共三节，满分40分）第一节阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhenLauraSmithwas14yearsold,shevolunteeredatanonprofitfoodcommunityorganization.Asshewasfillingbagswithdonated(捐赠)food,shenoticedsomethingthatdidn’tseemright:Cannedandpackagedgoodswereplentiful,butshesawnothingfreshorgreentogivetofamiliesinneed.Shethoughtitwouldbegreattochangethat.Shewantedtostartagardenonpartofherparents’farmlandtoprovidefamilieswithhome-grownproduce.Whilebeingproudofher,Laura’sfatherexpressedworryabouttheworkloadinvolved.Laurahadraisedrabbitsandlambsbefore,butshehadnevertriedgrowingvegetablesonsuchanextensivelevel.However,hesoonrealizedthathisdaughterwasready.Lauradidalotofresearchonlinetofindoutwhatworkedandwhatdidn’t,whichplantsneededshade,whichneededmorewater,andwhenwasthebesttimetoharvesteachcrop.Inspring2021Lauraplanted15typesofvegetablesonalandof5,000squaremeters.Whenthefirstgreenshootsappeared,itwasanexcitingfeeling.Yet,that’swheretherealworkbegan.“Oursummersareveryhotanddry,soIhadtowatereveryday,”saidLaura.Throughoutthesummer,shecheckedherplantsdailyforweedsandwateredthembyhand,usingtwowatertanksattachedtoafarmvehicletocontinuallyrefillherwateringcan.Laurawassoonreadytoharvestandweighherfirstcrops-thefirstbatchweighed40pounds.Shethenpackagedthemanddonatedtheproductstoeightlocalgroups.“Itfeltreallygoodtoknowthatanyonewhowantedfreshvegetablescouldgetthem,”Laurasaid.Overthepasttwoyears,Laurahasdonatedmorethan8,000poundsoffruitsandvegetables.“Laura’sconfidenceandgeneroushandinhelpingthoseinneedhavemadeagreaterimpactthanshecouldhaveimagined,”saidRemiFreeman,anofficialfromoneofthecharitygroups.“Ithelpsourmissiontoendhunger,andalsodemonstratestheselflessnessandkindnessthatissowonderfultoseeinyoungerpeople.”1.WhatinspiredLauratostartagarden?A.Herinterestingardening.B.Herparents’expectations.C.Lackoffreshproduceinthedonatedfood.D.Poorqualityofcannedandpackagedfood.2.WhatconcernedLaura’sfatheraboutherplanatfirst?A.Themoneyneeded. B.Theamountofwork.C.Herfarmingknowledge. D.Herworkingexperience.3.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Laura’shardwork. B.Laura’sambitiousplan.C.Thepoorweathercondition. D.Theskillsneededforfarming.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AGreatGardeningDreamB.AJourneytoGreenLivingC.ACloseStudyonOrganicFoodD.AHarvestofGrowingKindness【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了14岁的LauraSmith在一家非营利性食品社区组织做志愿者。她发现在捐赠的食品当中，缺少新鲜或绿色的蔬菜和水果，所以她决定自己在家里种植。她在两年中捐赠了8000多磅的水果和蔬菜，展示了年轻人的无私和善良。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Asshewasfillingbagswithdonated(捐赠)food,shenoticedsomethingthatdidn’tseemright:Cannedandpackagedgoodswereplentiful,butshesawnothingfreshorgreentogivetofamiliesinneed.(当她把捐赠的食物装进袋子时，她注意到了一些似乎不对劲的东西：罐头和包装食品很多，但她没有看到任何新鲜或绿色的东西可以送给有需要的家庭)”可知，在捐赠的食品当中，LauraSmith发现缺少新鲜或绿色的蔬菜或水果，这激发了她创办菜园的想法。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Whilebeingproudofher,Laura’sfatherexpressedworryabouttheworkloadinvolved.(劳拉的父亲在为她感到骄傲的同时，也对所涉及的工作量表示担忧)”可知，Laura的父亲对于她将要做的工作量而担心。故选B。【3题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Yet,that’swheretherealworkbegan.“Oursummersareveryhotanddry,soIhadtowatereveryday,”saidLaura.Throughoutthesummer,shecheckedherplantsdailyforweedsandwateredthembyhand,usingtwowatertanksattachedtoafarmvehicletocontinuallyrefillherwateringcan.(然而，这才是真正的工作开始的地方。劳拉说：“我们的夏天又热又干，所以我每天都要浇水。”。整个夏天，她每天都要检查植物是否有杂草，并用连接在农用车上的两个水箱不断地给她的喷壶浇水)”可知，第三段主要讲述了Laura在种植菜园时付出的辛苦工作。故选A。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Overthepasttwoyears,Laurahasdonatedmorethan8,000poundsoffruitsandvegetables.“Laura’sconfidenceandgeneroushandinhelpingthoseinneedhavemadeagreaterimpactthanshecouldhaveimagined,”saidRemiFreeman,anofficialfromoneofthecharitygroups.“Ithelpsourmissiontoendhunger,andalsodemonstratestheselflessnessandkindnessthatissowonderfultoseeinyoungerpeople.”(在过去的两年里，劳拉捐赠了8000多磅的水果和蔬菜。其中一个慈善团体的官员雷米·弗里曼说：“劳拉在帮助那些需要帮助的人时表现出的自信和慷慨，产生了比她想象的更大的影响。”。“这有助于我们结束饥饿的使命，也展示了年轻人的无私和善良。”)”以及全文可知，本文主要讲述了14岁的LauraSmith在一家非营利性食品社区组织做志愿者。她发现在捐赠的食品当中，缺少新鲜或绿色的蔬菜和水果，所以她决定自己在家里种植。她在两年中捐赠了8000多磅的水果和蔬菜，展示了年轻人的无私和善良。所以“日益增长的善意的收获”适合作本文的标题。故选D。BWithgrowingawarenessofthegendergapinSTEM(science,technology,engineering,mathematics)fields,wherewomenholdonly27%ofjobs,Chineseresearchershaveexploredacauseinfluencingwomen’sparticipationinSTEMcareers.Theystudiedhowteengirlscanbeinfluencedbytheirownpeerswhobelievetheinaccuratestereotype(刻板印象)thatboysarebetteratmath.Thestudyfoundthatwhensurroundedbypeersholdingthisstereotype,middle-schoolgirlsscoredloweronmathtests.Thisinfluenceevenpersistedintocollege,impactingwomen’smathperformanceandself-confidence.Theresearcherssuggestdealingwiththisissueduringthemiddleschoolperiodtoreducethenegativeimpactonwomen’slong-termSTEMengagement.Middleschoolisconsideredacriticaldevelopmentalstagewhereteensareformingastrongersenseofselfseparatefromtheirparents.Thischangeoftenmakesteensmorelikelytobeinfluencedbytheopinionsoftheirpeers.It’salsoaperiodwhen,objectivelymeasuredbystandardizedtests,girlsonaveragehavebettermathskillsthanboys.However,teensmaynotrealizeit.InsomemiddleschoolsinChina,theresearchersstudiedthepotentialroleofpeer-pressurebeliefsofthegenderedmathstereotype.Inclassroomswherethebeliefthat“boys”naturalabilityinstudyingmathisgreaterthanthatofgirls”wassignificantlyhigherthanthestandard,girls’laterperformanceonmathtestswaslowerthantheresultsforboys.Moreover,girlsintheseclassroomswerelesslikelytoparticipateinmath-relatedout-of-classactivities.Theywerealsolesslikelytofeelthattheirteacherspaidattentiontothemandofferedpraise,leadingtolowermath-relatedself-confidence.Theresearchersconcludethatpreventingtheharmfromgendermathstereotypingrequiresachangeofthesocialenvironmentforchildrenandyoungadults,inadditiontofocusingonchanginggirls’attitudesandchoices.5.Whatisthefocusofthestudy?A.InaccuratestereotypeofSTEM.B.Women’sparticipationinSTEM.C.Teengirls’academicperformance.D.Genderstereotype’sinfluenceongirls.6.WhatfactmayteensignoreaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Girlsdobetterinmaththanboys.B.Teenshavestrongself-confidence.C.Teensareexperiencingakeystage.D.Girlsareeasilyaffectedbytheirpeers.7.Girlsinclassroomswithhigherlevelsofgenderstereotypewillprobably________.A.scorehighinstandardizedtestsB.beoftenpraisedbymathteachersC.showlowconfidenceinmathtestsD.takeanactivepartinschool’smathclub【答案】5.D6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。研究发现，中学女生在受到同龄人的数学性别刻板印象影响时，数学考试成绩会降低，这种影响甚至会持续到大学，影响女性的数学表现和自信心。研究人员认为，应在中学阶段解决这个问题，以减少对女性长期从事STEM领域的负面影响。预防性别数学板印象的伤害需要改变儿童和年轻人的社会环境，而不仅仅是改变女孩的态度和选择。【5题详解】细节理解题，根据第一段“WithgrowingawarenessofthegendergapinSTEM（science,technology,engineering,mathematics）fields,wherewomenholdonly27%ofjobs,Chineseresearchershaveexploredacauseinfluencingwomen’sparticipationinSTEMcareers.Theystudiedhowteengirlscanbeinfluencedbytheirownpeerswhobelievetheinaccuratestereotype（刻板印象）thatboysarebetteratmath.(随着人们越来越意识到STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学)领域的性别差距，中国研究人员探索了影响女性参与STEM职业的原因。在STEM领域，女性只占27%的职位。他们研究了青少年女孩是如何受到同龄人的影响的，这些同龄人相信男孩更擅长数学这一不准确的刻板印象。)”可知，研究的重点为性别刻板印象对女孩的影响。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题，根据第三段“Middleschoolisconsideredacriticaldevelopmentalstagewhereteensareformingastrongersenseofselfseparatefromtheirparents.Thischangeoftenmakesteensmorelikelytobeinfluencedbytheopinionsoftheirpeers.It’salsoaperiodwhen,objectivelymeasuredbystandardizedtests,girlsonaveragehavebettermathskillsthanboys.However,teensmaynotrealizeit.(中学被认为是一个关键的发展阶段，在这个阶段，青少年与父母形成了更强的自我分离感。这种变化往往会使青少年更容易受到同龄人意见的影响。这也是一个通过标准化测试客观衡量的时期，女孩的数学技能平均比男孩好。然而，青少年可能没有意识到这一点。)”可知，青少年可能忽略了女孩的数学比男孩好这一事实。故选A。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Inclassroomswherethebeliefthat“boys”naturalabilityinstudyingmathisgreaterthanthatofgirls”wassignificantlyhigherthanthestandard,girls’laterperformanceonmathtestswaslowerthantheresultsforboys.Moreover,girlsintheseclassroomswerelesslikelytoparticipateinmath-relatedout-of-classactivities.Theywerealsolesslikelytofeelthattheirteacherspaidattentiontothemandofferedpraise,leadingtolowermath-relatedself-confidence.(在相信“男孩学习数学的天赋比女孩强”的班级中，女孩在数学测试中的后期表现低于男孩。此外，这些教室里的女孩不太可能参加与数学有关的课外活动。他们也不太可能感觉到老师对他们的关注和表扬，导致他们在数学方面的自信心下降。)”可知，性别刻板印象水平较高的教室里的女孩可能会在数学考试中表现出低信心。故选C。CAbookcalledThePowerofLanguageexploresinfluencesofspeakingmorethanonelanguageonthewaypeoplethinkandact.Languageplaysasignificantroleinallaspectsofhumansocialandcognitive（认知的）life.Peoplecommunicatewitheachotherinalanguage.Thelanguagepeoplespeakalsoinfluencesthewaytheythink.Theseeffectsbecomeevenmorecomplexwhenpeoplespeakmorethanonelanguage.Ifyouspeakmorethanonelanguage,chancesareyouusethemindifferentsituations.Youmayspeakonelanguageathomeandanotheratwork.Ifyouareaskedtothinkaboutsomethingfuninthelanguageyouspeakathome,youaremorelikelytothinkofaneventwithyourfamily,butwhenaskedinthelanguageyouspeakatwork,youwillthinkofanenjoyableinteractionwithcolleagues.Thelanguageusedtoanswerthequestionmakesiteasiertothinkofmemoriesassociatedwithusingthatlanguage.Thememoriesyouareremindedofinasituationaffectwhatyouarelikelytodoandevenhowyouarelikelytofeelinthatsituation.Inaddition,propertiesofthelanguagecanaffectyourdecisions.Inthebook,thewriterpointsoutthatsomelanguages（likeEnglish）requireyoutousedifferenttenseswhentalkingabouteventsinthepresentandthefuture.Otherlanguages（likeGermanandChinese）donot.Existingevidencesuggeststhatpeoplewhospeaklanguageswhosegrammarusesadifferenttensebetweenpresentandfuturearelesslikelytomakechoicesthatbenefittheirfutureselvesthanpeoplewhospeaklanguagesthatdonot.Consequently,theactionsyoutakewhenspeakingdifferentlanguagescanhaveverydifferentinfluencesonyourfuture.8.HowdoesthewriterexplaintheinfluenceoflanguageinParagraph3?A.Byexplainingfacts. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingstatements. D.Bysharingexperiences.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“properties”mean?A.Features. B.Types. C.Origins. D.Impacts.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutpeople’sdecision-makingfromthelastparagraph?A.Itisrelatedtotheirmasteryofgrammar.B.Itismainlybasedonpersonalexpectations.C.Itislinkedwiththenumberoflanguagestheyuse.D.Itcanbeaffectedbythetensesusedinalanguage.【答案】8.B9.A10.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本名为《语言的力量》的书，书中探讨了会说多种语言对人们思考和行动方式的影响。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第3段“Youmayspeakonelanguageathomeandanotheratwork.Ifyouareaskedtothinkaboutsomethingfuninthelanguageyouspeakathome,youaremorelikelytothinkofaneventwithyourfamily,butwhenaskedinthelanguageyouspeakatwork,youwillthinkofanenjoyableinteractionwithcolleagues.(你可能在家里说一种语言，在工作中说另一种语言。如果你被要求用你在家里说的语言来想一些有趣的事情，你更有可能想到与家人的一件事，但当你被要求用你在工作中说的语言来想时，你会想到与同事的愉快互动。)”可知，作者通过举例来说明语言的影响的。故选B项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Inthebook,thewriterpointsoutthatsomelanguages(likeEnglish)requireyoutousedifferenttenseswhentalkingabouteventsinthepresentandthefuture.Otherlanguages(likeGermanandChinese)donot.(在书中，作者指出，有些语言(比如英语)要求你在谈论现在和将来的事件时使用不同的时态。其他语言(如德语和汉语)则没有。)”可知，语言是有不同特性的，所以划线词的意思是“特性、特点”。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Existingevidencesuggeststhatpeoplewhospeaklanguageswhosegrammarusesadifferenttensebetweenpresentandfuturearelesslikelytomakechoicesthatbenefittheirfutureselvesthanpeoplewhospeaklanguagesthatdonot.(现有证据表明，与不说现在和将来时态的人相比，说语法在现在和将来之间使用不同时态的语言的人不太可能做出有利于未来自我的选择。)”可知，人们的决策会受到语言中使用的时态的影响。故选D项。第二节语句排序（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）11.将下列几个部分(A、B、C、D和E)按题号排序，构成一个符合逻辑的完整语篇。A.Itiscalledrucking,atermfromruckmarching,whichisaskillthatmilitariesaroundtheworldhavelongusedfortraining.B.Ruckinginvolveswalkingwithaweightedbackpack.It’saneasywaytostrengthenyourheartandmuscleswithouthurtingthejoints(关节).C.Anyonewhowalkedtoschoolwithabackpackfullofbookshasalreadytriedanexerciseroutinethatisgettingpopularinthefitnessworld.D.Evenpeopleeagerformoreexerciseshouldprogressslowly.Shoesthatfitwellcanhelpyouavoidadditionalfootpressureandsafelywalkonanunevenland.E.Aswithanynewphysicalactivity,newcomersshouldstartruckingwithslowandstablesteps.Ifyoudon’thavebasicconditioning,trywalkingtheexpecteddistancewithaverylightpackfirst.Thenslowlyaddmoreweight.________→________→________→________→________【答案】①.C②.A③.B④.E⑤.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的锻炼方式——背包锻炼。【详解】C项“Anyonewhowalkedtoschoolwithabackpackfullofbookshasalreadytriedanexerciseroutinethatisgettingpopularinthefitnessworld.(任何曾背着装满书的背包走路上学的人都已经尝试过一种在健身界越来越流行的锻炼方式)”中提到一种在健身界越来越流行的锻炼方式，引出文章话题，所以C项排在第一位；A项“Itiscalledrucking,atermfromruckmarching,whichisaskillthatmilitariesaroundtheworldhavelongusedfortraining.(它被称为“背包锻炼”，源自“背包行军”，这是世界各地军队长期以来用于训练的一种技能)”承接上文，介绍这种锻炼方式的名称和它的起源，上下文衔接自然，故A项排在第二位；B项“Ruckinginvolveswalkingwithaweightedbackpack.It’saneasywaytostrengthenyourheartandmuscleswithouthurtingthejoints(关节).(背包锻炼需要背着一个加重的背包。这是一种既能增强心脏和肌肉又不伤害关节的简单方法)”承接上文，在上文介绍了名称和起源后，接着介绍“背包锻炼”的具体方式和带来的好处，上下文语意连贯，故B项排在第三位；E项“Aswithanynewphysicalactivity,newcomersshouldstartruckingwithslowandstablesteps.Ifyoudon’thavebasicconditioning,trywalkingtheexpecteddistancewithaverylightpackfirst.Thenslowlyaddmoreweight.(与任何新的体育运动一样，新手应该以缓慢而稳定的步伐开始。如果你没有基本的条件，试着先带一个非常轻的背包走一段预期的距离。然后慢慢增加重量)”承接上文，就锻炼中注意的事项提出建议：以缓慢而稳定的节奏开始，慢慢增加重量，故E项排在第四位；D项“Evenpeopleeagerformoreexerciseshouldprogressslowly.Shoesthatfitwellcanhelpyouavoidadditionalfootpressureandsafelywalkonanunevenland.(即使是渴望更多锻炼的人也应该慢慢来。合脚的鞋子可以帮助你避免额外的脚部压力，安全地在不平坦的土地上行走)”承接E项中的建议，再次强调要“慢慢来”，同时对锻炼时穿什么鞋提出建议。故答案为：C→A→B→E→D。第三节选句填空（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。HealthyEatingThereismuchdebatenowadaysastowhatmakesupahealthydiet.Forexample,scientistshaveinsistedforyearsthatabigenemyofhealthisfattyfood.____12____Peoplewhoreceive25%oftheirdailycalories(热量)ormorethroughsugararetwiceaslikelytodiefromheartdiseasethanpeoplewhoreceivelessthan10%aday.____13____Onaverage,peopleget1/3oftheirsugarthroughsweetdrinksalone.Youneedtolimityourselvestolessthan100-150caloriesadayfromsugar.Inotherwords,ifyouwanttobehealthy,youhavetocutdownondesserts,andcutoutsweetdrinksaltogether.Beyondthis,youcankeephealthybyconsumingdifferenttypesoffreshfoods,whicharefullofvitaminsandfibre,ratherthanprocessedfoods.Itisalsoimportanttohavesomemeat,beans,ordairyproductsinyourdiet.Aswitheverythinginlife,moderation(适度)iskey.____14____Finally,akeytohealthyeatingistoeatslowly.Ittakesabouttwentyminutesfromthetimeyoustarteatingforyourbraintotellyourbodythatyouarefull.____15____Inaddition,studiesshowthatconsistenteatinghabits,forexample,takingthreemealsadayatthesametimeeachday,arebetterforourhealth.Thereisnoonesecrettohealthyeating.____16____Onequestionyoucanaskyourselfis,“DoIeattolive,orlivetoeat?”Itisuptoyoutodecidehowyouwanttolive,andtomaketherightdecisionsaboutyourdiet.A.Itstartswithhavingahealthyattitudetowardsfood.B.Healthyfoodshelpprotectyouagainstlotsofdiseases.C.Processedfoodsoftencontainalargeamountofsugar.D.Muchofextrasugarcomesfromsweetsandsweetdrinks.E.Whatthismeansisthatpeoplewhoeattooquicklyendupeatingtoomuch.F.Theidealdietisabalancedone,withouttoomuchortoolittleofanyonething.G.However,thereisincreasingevidencethattherealdriverofpoorhealthissugar.【答案】12G13.D14.F15.E16.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了养成健康饮食习惯的一些方法策略。【12题详解】根据下文“Peoplewhoreceive25%oftheirdailycalories(热量)ormorethroughsugararetwiceaslikelytodiefromheartdiseasethanpeoplewhoreceivelessthan10%aday.”（每天从糖中摄取25%或以上热量的人死于心脏病的可能性是每天摄入少于10%热量的人的两倍。）可知，健康状况不佳的真正罪魁祸首是糖。故G选项“然而，越来越多的证据表明，健康状况不佳的真正罪魁祸首是糖。”切题。故选G项。【13题详解】根据下文“Onaverage,peopleget1/3oftheirsugarthroughsweetdrinksalone.”（人们平均有三分之一的糖分来自甜饮料）推知，空处说明糖的来源。故D选线“很多额外的糖来自甜食和甜饮料”切题。故选D项。【14题详解】根据上文“Aswitheverythinginlife,moderation(适度)iskey”（和生活中的所有事情一样，适度是关键）可知，选项承接上文具体说明适度性。故F选项“理想的饮食是均衡的，一种东西不能太多也不能太少。”切题。故选F项。【15题详解】根据上文“Finally,akeytohealthyeatingistoeatslowly.Ittakesabouttwentyminutesfromthetimeyoustarteatingforyourbraintotellyourbodythatyouarefull.”（最后，健康饮食的关键是慢慢吃。从你开始吃东西到你的大脑告诉你的身体你已经吃饱了大约需要20分钟。）可知，选项承接上文说明吃的太快会产生不好的影响。故E选项“这意味着吃得太快的人最终会吃得太多”切题。故选E项。【16题详解】根据下文“Onequestionyoucanaskyourselfis,“DoIeattolive,orlivetoeat?”Itisuptoyoutodecidehowyouwanttolive,andtomaketherightdecisionsaboutyourdiet.（你可以问自己一个问题:“我是为了活着而吃，还是为了吃而活着?”这取决于你决定你想要如何生活，并对你的饮食做出正确的决定。）”可知，要对食物有个健康的态度。故A选项“以对食物有一个健康的态度开始”切题。故选A项。第三部分综合应用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。10-year-oldJackcreatedaplasticminifigure(人偶)thatlooksmuchlikehim.Fondlynamed“MiniJack,”thetoywascarriedwithhimwhereverhewent.Oneday,afterarrivingatschool,Jack____17____dugintohisbackpacktofindMiniJack.Hewasovercomebyawaveof____18____afterrealizingithadslippedoutofhisbackpackonhismorningwalktoschool.Inorderto____19____thetoy,Jackdecidedtocreateamissingpersonposter.Heimmediatelycreateda(n)____20____drawingofthefigurewithanaccuratedescription:“Lightbrownhairwithmatchingeyebrows.Hawaiianshirtinbluewithpalmtrees.”Jackaddeda____21____inlargelettersatthetopofthepicture:“____22____!!!Heisveryspecialtome.”Healsoofferedarewardoftwopoundsandincludedhishomeaddress.Afterlearningaboutthe____23____,Jack’smothersharedapictureofherson’s____24____online.Butshewasstill____25____aboutthechanceoffindingthefigureconsideringhowsmallitwas.____26____,Jack’sposterserveditsintendedpurpose.Peopleinthecommunitywere____27____andlefthelpfulcomments.AgirlfoundthefigureduringherjourneytoschoolandhermuminformedJack’smother____28____.BothJackandhismotherexpressedtheirgratitudeforthe____29____fromtheircommunity,and____30____thetwo-poundreward,theygavethegirlaboxofchocolates.Oncereunitedwiththeminifigure,Jackwasfilledwithjoyandplacedhimina____31____place—insideasmallcar.“IwanttomakesureIneverlosehimagain,”saidJack.17.A.eagerly B.unwillingly C.unhappily D.respectfully18.A.gratitude B.sadness C.inspiration D.loneliness19.A.passon B.payfor C.pickup D.getback20.A.detailed B.abstract C.imaginative D.mysterious21.Amessage B.poster C.word D.logo22.A.Damaged B.Lost C.Sold D.Injured23.A.toy B.money C.news D.picture24.A.story B.backpack C.poster D.letter25.A.nervous B.doubtful C.ashamed D.annoyed26.A.Unusually B.Besides C.Undoubtedly D.However27.A.curious B.supportive C.moved D.excited28.A.secretly B.shyly C.immediately D.patiently29.A.trust B.wisdom C.sharing D.response30.A.inplaceof B.inspiteof C.atthecostof D.forthepurposeof31.A.convenient B.public C.distant D.safe【答案】17.A18.B19.D20.A21.A22.B23.C24.C25.B26.D27.B28.C29.D30.C31.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了10岁的杰克制作了一个和他长得很像的塑料人偶，并且命名为“迷你杰克”，但在早上去学校的路上丢失了，母亲协助心急如焚制的杰克发布一张寻人启事，社区人们非常热心，终于一小女孩找回人偶。【17题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一天，杰克到达学校后，急切地在背包里找MiniJack。A.eagerly急切地；B.unwillingly不情愿地；C.unhappily不高兴地；D.respectfully尊敬地。根据上一段的“thetoywascarriedwithhimwhereverhewent”可知，杰克非常喜欢他的人偶，所以，到达学校后，急切地在背包里找他的人偶。故选A项。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他意识到在早上去学校的路上它从背包里滑落时，他非常悲伤。A.gratitude感恩；B.sadness悲伤；C.inspiration灵感；D.loneliness孤独。根据下文的“realizingithadslippedoutofhisbackpackonhismorningwalktoschool”可知，意识到人偶从背包里滑落了，杰克肯定是很伤心。故选B项。【19题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了找回玩具，杰克决定制作一张失踪人口海报。A.passon传递；B.payfor为……付钱；C.pickup捡起；D.getback找回。根据下文的“createamissingpersonposter”可知，杰克制作海报，肯定是为了找回他的玩具。故选D项。【20题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他立即为这个人偶画了一幅详细的素描，并准确地描述道：“浅棕色的头发和相配的眉毛。蓝色夏威夷衬衫，上面有棕榈树。”A.detailed详细的；B.abstract抽象的；C.imaginative富有想象力的；D.mysterious神秘的。由常识可知，寻找丢失的东西，肯定是提供详细的信息。故选A项。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰克在图片的顶部用大字加了一条信息：“丢了！！！他对我来说很特别。”A.message留言，（书面或口头的）信息；B.poster海报；C.word文字；D.logo标示。根据下文的内容“6!!!Heisveryspecialtome.”可知，杰克在图片的顶部加了一条信息。故选A项。【22题详解】考查形容词/动词词义辨析。句意：杰克在图片的顶部用大字加了一条信息：“丢了！！！他对我来说很特别。”A.Damaged被损坏的；B.Lost丢失的；C.Sold出售；D.Injured受伤的。根据第二段的“realizingithadslippedoutofhisbackpackonhismorningwalktoschool”可知，杰克的玩具丢了。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：得知这一消息后，杰克的母亲在网上分享了儿子海报的照片。A.toy玩具；B.money钱；C.news消息；D.picture图片。根据下文的“Jack’smothersharedapictureofherson’s8online.”可知，杰克的妈妈知道了杰克寻找玩具的信息。故选C项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：得知这一消息后，杰克的妈妈在网上分享了儿子海报的照片。A.story故事；B.backpack背包；C.poster海报；D.letter信。根据上一段的“Jackdecidedtocreateamissingpersonposter”可知，杰克的妈妈在网上分享的是儿子海报的照片。故选C项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她仍然怀疑找到这个人偶的可能性，因为它太小了。A.nervous紧张的；B.doubtful怀疑的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.annoyed恼怒的。根据下文的“consideringhowsmallitwas”可知，因为玩具太小了，所以妈妈怀疑找到这个人偶的可能性。故选B项。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，杰克的海报达到了预期的目的。A.Unusually不寻常地；B.Besides此外；C.Undoubtedly毫无疑问；D.However然而。上一句“Butshewasstill

9aboutthechanceoffindingthefigureconsideringhowsmallitwas.”和空格后的句子“Jack’sposterserveditsintendedpurpose”，两句话是转折关系。故选D项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：社区里的人们都很支持，并留下了有用的评论。A.curious好奇的；B.supportive支持的；C.moved感动的；D.excited激动的。根据下文的“lefthelpfulcomments”可知，社区里的人是支持杰克的。故选B项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一个女孩在去学校的路上发现了这个人偶，她的妈妈立即通知了杰克的妈妈。A.secretly偷偷地；B.shyly害羞地；C.immediately立即；D.patiently耐心地。由常识可知，捡到东西的人应该会立即通知失主。故选C项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰克和他的母亲都对社区的反应表示感谢，并以两英镑的奖励为代价，给了那个女孩一盒巧克力。A.trust信任；B.wisdom智慧；C.sharing分享；D.response反应。根据上文的句子“Peopleinthecommunitywere11andlefthelpfulcomments.

”可知，杰克和妈妈对社区里人们的积极反应表示感谢。故选D项。【30题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：杰克和他的母亲都对社区的反应表示感谢，并奖励了那个女孩一盒两英镑的巧克力。A.inplaceof代替；B.inspiteof尽管；C.atthecostof以……为代价；C.forthepurposeof为了……的目的。根据下文的“theygavethegirlaboxofchocolates”可知，他们为小女孩买了一盒价值两英镑的巧克力。故选C项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：和小人偶团聚后，杰克满心欢喜，把他放在一个安全的地方——一辆小车里。A.convenient方便的；B.public公共的；C.distant遥远的；D.safe安全的。根据下文杰克说的话“IwanttomakesureIneverlosehimagain”可知，杰克一定是把他的人偶放在一个安全的地方。故选D项。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Hangzhou,thebirthplaceofZhejiangcuisine,isfamousfordisheslikeWestLakevinegarfish,beggar’schickenandDongpopork.____32____(surprising),inrecenttimes,Hangzhouhasbeenjokinglyreferredtoasthe“desertofChina’sdeliciousfood.”Different____33____(opinion)aboutthetasteofHangzhou’scuisinecanbeseenonChinesesocialmediaplatforms.SomepeoplearguethatHangzhou’sdishesareknownfor____34____(they)mildflavors,highlightingthedelicatetaste____35____thefood.TheybelievethatHangzhou’scuisine,thoughdifferentfromnorthernChinesecuisines____36____arecharacterizedbystrongflavors,____37____(be)bynomeanslesstasty.Incontrast,othersclaimthatHangzhou’sdisheslackaspecialfeature,____38____(describe)themastasteless,withsharpcriticismaimedatthecity’smostfamousdish,WestLakevinegarfish,foritsstrangeand____39____(pleasant)taste.Asdebatescontinue,Hangzhou’sreputationasaculinary(烹饪的)destinationremains____40____topicofdiscussion.Chinesecuisineiscelebratedforitsdiversity,offeringawiderangeofflavors.It’sofgreatimportance_____41_____(accept)thevarietiesofregionaltastesandenjoytheculinaryrichnessofdifferentplaces.【答案】32.Surprisingly33.opinions34.their35.of36.which##that37.is38.describing39.unpleasant40.a41.toaccept【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近杭州被戏称为“中国美食荒漠”，对此人们发表了各自的看法。【32题详解】考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，最近杭州被戏称为“中国美食荒漠”。修饰后文句子应用副词surprisingly，首字母大写。故填Surprisingly。【33题详解】考查名词的数。句意：在中国的社交媒体平台上，人们对杭州菜的味道有不同的看法。有些人根据上文different可知opinion应用复数形式。故填opinions。【34题详解】考查代词。句意：一些人认为杭州菜以口味温和而闻名，突出了食物的精致口感。修饰后文名词应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。【35题详解】考查介词。句意：一些人认为杭州菜以口味温和而闻名，突出了食物的精致口感。此处taste与food为所属关系，应用介词of。故填of。【36题详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们认为，杭州菜虽然不同于中国北方菜的浓重口味，但绝不逊色。定语从句修饰先行词northernChinesecuisines，在从句作主语，指物，故填which/that。【37题详解】考查时态。句意：他们认为，杭州菜虽然不同于中国北方菜的浓重口味，但绝不逊色。根据主句believe可知为一般现在时，从句主语为Hangzhou’scuisine，谓语用单数。故填is。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：相比之下，其他人则认为杭州的菜缺乏特色，形容它们没有味道，并对该市最著名的菜西湖醋鱼提出了尖锐的批评，因为它的味道奇怪而令人不快。分析句子结构可知describe与逻辑主语others构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填describing。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：相比之下，其他人则认为杭州的菜缺乏特色，形容它们没有味道，并对该市最著名的菜西湖醋鱼提出了尖锐的批评，因为它的味道奇怪而令人不快。根据上文“itsstrangeand”可知，此处表示“令人不快的”应用形容词unpleasant，作定语。故填unpleasant。【40题详解】考查冠词。句意：随着争论的继续，杭