实用科技英语教程-Automation Technology

AutomationTechnology01LeadInICcardshavemanyapplicationsinagreatvarietyoffields.ReadthetextbelowtofindwhatindustriesthesesampleICcardsstandfor.ICcardshavemanyapplicationsinagreatvarietyoffields.ReadthetextbelowtofindwhatindustriesthesesampleICcardsstandfor.ICcards,alsoknownassmartcards,containadime-sizedmicrochipthatcanprocessandstorethousandsofbitsofelectronicdata.Theycaninteractwithcomputersandotherautomatedsystemsandthedatatheycarrycanbeupdatedinstantaneously.Today,themajorapplicationareasformicroprocessor-basedsmartcardsincludeinformationsecurity,bankingandcreditcards,communications,governmentprograms,physicalaccesssecurity,transportation,retailandloyalty,healthcare,andstudentidentification.Theseareintersectingareas-smartcardmaycarryapplicationsfrommorethanonearea(e.g.combininginformationandphysicalsecurityaccess,orfinancialandretailloyalty).LookatthetablebelowandcompareICcardswithMagneticcards.DifferenceSimilarity1234Technology(semiconductor;magnetism)Information(updatingprocess;predominantstorage)Tamper-resistantlifetimeInternationalstandard,appearanceMaterials:plasticsCardreaderConvenient,secure,etcComparison:1.ICcardsaresimilartomagneticcardsinthatthey

.2.Likemagneticcards,ICcards

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Contrast:1.ICcards

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.Writing对照型段落FurtherDevelopmentmedicine/ˈmedsn/perform/pərˈfɔːrm/treatments/ˈtriːtmənt/thinkingskillsprogress/ˈprɑːɡres,ˈprɑːɡrəs/economics/ˌiːkəˈnɑːmɪks,ˌekəˈnɑːmɪks/roboticsystems/roʊˈbɑːtɪk/military/ˈmɪləteri/research/'risɝtʃ/differentareasofexpertise/ˌekspɜːrˈtiːz/药品完成，执行治疗思维能力进步经济学机器人系统军事的研究不同的专业领域Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrases.ListeningArtificialintelligenceistechnologydesignedto___________________jobsthatrequirehigherlevel_________________.Inotherwords,skillslikethoseofhumanintelligence.A.I.systemshavemanydifferentuses.Theyareusedin_______________,tostudythingslikestockmarketactivity.Theyareusedin_________________---forexample,tohelpdoctorsrecognizedisordersanchoosethebest__________________.Andtheyareusedinthe_________________,todevelopsystemslikeself-guidingvehiclesandso-calledsmartbombsthatlookfortheirtargets.股票要求智商旨在识别，诊断失调，紊乱无人驾驶精灵炸弹；激光制导炸弹performthinkingskillseconomicsmedicinetreatmentsmilitaryListening

__________________withartificialintelligencecanperformmanyindustrialduties.Theserobotscanalsohelpdoctorsoperateonpatients.Theycanevenpilotspacecraft.______________intoartificialintelligenceincludesareaslikelearning,reasoningandaction.Theworkbringstogetherpeoplefrommany___________________________.完成操作，做手术病人领航，驾驶航空器推理RoboticsystemsResearchListeningdifferentareasofexpertiseYet___________withartificialintelligencehasbeenslowerthanthosescientistfiftyyearsagohadhoped.Forexample,ProfessorMoornotesthecontinueddifficultytotraincomputerstouseandtranslatelanguage.Usinglanguagecorrectlyrequiresaknowledgeofcountless_____________________situationsandconditions.Solanguageisanarea_______________________________________________________.持续的无数的条件progresssocialandculturalwherehumanscanstillconsiderthemselvessmarterthanmachinesListeningMatchsixmajorcategories/ˈkætəɡɔːri/（分类）

ofarobotsystemwithasix-waydivision/dɪˈvɪʒn/（部分）ofthefunctions（功能）ofthehumanbody.Andfindouttheirfunctions.TheRobotSystemSensors传感器Processors处理器TransportationsystemsCommunicationsystemsVisionsystems视觉系统Effectors效应器TheHumanSystemEyesScientificallyunidentifiedyetArms,handsBrainFeetSkin,nose,ears,tastebud味蕾RobotSystemVs.HumanSystemMatchsixmajorcategories/ˈkætəɡɔːri/（分类）

ofarobotsystemwithasix-waydivision/dɪˈvɪʒn/（部分）ofthefunctions（功能）ofthehumanbody.Andfindouttheirfunctions.TheRobotSystemSensors传感器Processors处理器TransportationsystemsCommunicationsystemsVisionsystems视觉系统Effectors效应器TheHumanSystemEyesScientificallyunidentifiedyetArms,handsBrainFeetSkin,nose,ears,tastebud味蕾RobotSystemVs.HumanSystemFunctions1.Inchargeofoperations.Examples:computerchipsandsoftware.B.Processors2.Capturetactileinformation:lightandsounds.A.Sensors3.Workwithopticalsignals;abletosee.Example:TVcamera.E.Visionsystems4.Manipulateandsupporttools:pliers,drills,poles,hammers,brooms,etc.F.Effectors5.Usemovementmechanism:wheels,feet,wings,propellers,rockets,etc.C.Transportationsystems6.Usedtocommunicateandoperatefromadistance.Examples:telephone,internet,fax.

D.Communicationsystems负责，管理操作捕获触觉信息光信号操作工具机制propeller螺旋桨钳子，钻子，杆子RobotSystemVs.HumanSystemROTOIBSCWordPuzzleROTOIBSCSPAYING

INSPECTINASSEMLYLADING

ESTINGWELDNGPAKAGINGCATING喷漆检查装配焊接铸造WordPuzzleComprehensiveProgressTextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara1Robots,becomingincreasinglyprevalentadjunctinfactoriesandindustrialplantsthroughoutthedevelopedworld,areprogrammedandengineeredmechanicalmanipulatorsdesignedtoperformindustrialtaskswithouthumanintervention.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara1在发达国家的工厂里，机器人正成为越来越受欢迎的助手。机器人是经过设计及制造出来的机械手，用来独立完成各种工业任务。TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara2Mostoftoday'srobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustry,wheretheyareprogrammedtotakeoverassemblylineoperationsasweldingandspraypaintingautomobileandtruckbodies.Theyalsoloadandunloadhot,heavymetalformsusedinmachinescastingautoandtruckframes.Inaddition,theyinstallbulbsininstrumentpanels.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara2它们也用来装卸厚重的高温金属模板，这些模板用于浇铸汽车与卡车的框架。此外，还可以用机器人安装仪表盘上的灯泡。TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara3Robots,alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefield,arebeginningtobeseen,althoughtoalesserdegree,inotherindustriesaswell.Theretheybuildelectricmotors,smallappliances,typewriters,pocketcalculators,andevenwatches.Therobotpowerplantshandletheradioactivematerials,sparinghumanpersonnelexposuretoradiation.Thesearetherobotsresponsibleforthereductioninjob-relatedinjuriesinthisnewindustry.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara3机器人在汽车行业已经接替了人类工作，并开始出现在其他行业，尽管程度稍逊。在这些行业，它们制造电机，小型器械，打字机，袖珍计算器，甚至还有手表。机器人核电厂处理放射性材料，可以使工作人员免遭辐射伤害。在这种新兴行业中，使用机器人可以减少工伤事故。TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara4Whatmakesarobotarobotandnotjustanotherkindofautomaticmachine?Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesinthataftercompletionofonespecifictask,theycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.Asanexample,arobotdoingspotweldingonemonthcanbereprogrammedandswitchedtospraypaintingthenext.Automaticmachines,ontheotherhand,arelessversatile.Theyarebuilttoperformonlyonetask.Robotsaremoreflexibleandadaptableandusuallymoretransportablethanothermachines.Futurerobotswillsee,touchandthink.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara4为什么不把机器人称之为是另一种形式的自动化机器呢？机器人不同于自动化机器是因为机器人在完成某项特定任务之后，可以用计算机重新编程，再去执行另一项任务。比如，这个月做点焊的机器人经过重新编程，下个月转做喷漆。而自动化机器就没有这样“多才多艺”了。自动化机器只能用来执行一项任务。与其它机器相比，机器人更灵活，适应性更强，更便于运输。未来的机器人兼具视觉和触觉，并会思考。

TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara5Thenextgenerationofrobotswillbeabletoseeobjects,willhaveasenseoftouch,andwillmakecriticaldecisions.Engineersskilledinmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnologyaredevelopingartificialvisionforrobots.Withtheabilityto"see",robotscanidentifyandinspectonespecificclassofobjectsoutofastackofdifferentkindsofmaterials.Onerobotvisionsystemuseselectronicdigitalcamerascontainingmanyrowsoflight-sensitivematerials.Whenlightfromanobjectsuchasamachinepartstrikesthecamera,thesensitivematerialsmeasuretheintensityoflightandconvertthelightraysintoarangeofnumbers.Thenumbersarepartofagray-scalesysteminwhichbrightnessismeasuredinarangeofvalues.Onescalerangesfrom0to15,andanotherfrom0to255.The0isrepresentedbyblack.Thehighestnumberiswhite.Thenumbersinbetweenrepresentshadesofgray.Thecomputerthenmakesthecalculationsandconvertsthenumbersintoapicturethatshowsanimageoftheobjectinquestion.Itisnotyetknownwhetherrobotswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashumanvision.Techniciansbelievetheywill,butonlyafteryearsofdevelopment.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara5新一代机器人能看见物体，具有触觉，还能做决策。微电子和计算机领域的工程师们正在研发机器人的仿真视觉。具备了“看”的能力，机器人可以从一堆不同材质的物体中，识别并检测出某种特定类别的物体。有种机器人视觉系统使用了含有多行感光材料的电子数码相机。当某一物体（如：一个机器零件）被相机拍下后，感光材料可以测量光的强度，然后将光线转化成一系列的数字。这些数字是灰阶系统的组成部分，灰阶系统通过一系列数值来测量物体的亮度。一种灰阶等级是0到15级，另一种是从0到225，0表示黑色，最高的数值表示白色。中间的数值表示不同的灰度。然后，经过计算，计算机将这些数值转化为图片，呈现出该物体的图像。将来某一天，机器人是否具有与人类一样好的视力还未可知。专家们相信会有那么一天，只是还需要多年的开发。

TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara6Engineersworkingonotheradvancesaredesigningandexperimentingwithnewtypesofarticulatedmetalhandsandfingersandgivingrobotsasenseoftouch.Otherengineersarewritingnewprogramsallowingrobotstomakedecisionssuchaswhethertodiscarddefectivepartsinfinishedproducts.Todothis,therobotwillalsohavetobecapableofidentifyingthosedefectiveparts.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara6其他前沿领域的工程师们正在设计试验新型仿真金属手与金属手指，使机器人具有触觉。还有一些工程师在编写新的程序，使机器人能够做决定，如：是否丢弃成品中的次品。要做到这一点，机器人还得具备识别这些次品的能力。

TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara7Thesefuturerobots,assembledwithasenseoftouchandtheabilitytoseeandmakedecisions,willhaveplentyofworktodo.Theycanbeusedtoprospectformineralsontheoceanfloororindeepareasofminestoodangerousforhumanstoenter.Theywillworkasgasstationattendants,firefighters,housekeepers,andsecuritypersonnel.Therobotbusinesswillcontinuetogrowalso.Financialanalystsbelievethisbusinesswillsoarfroma$100-millionindustryatthestartofthe1980stoa$5-billionindustrybythenearly1990s.Anyonewantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara7这些未来的机器人，集触觉、视觉及决策能力于一身，将大有可为。它们可用于海底勘探矿藏，或进入矿区深处进行勘探，这些地方非常危险，人类不能进入。它们将担任加油站的工作人员、消防队员、家庭管家及安保人员。机器人产业会持续增长。财经分析人士相信：机器人产业将从1980年初的1亿美元飙升至1990年初的50亿美元。不论是谁，只要想要了解未来行业发展状况，就必须了解机器人的应用。

TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsengineern.工程师；设计师；技师e.g.They'resendinganengineertofixthephone.

他们要派一名技师来安装电话。e.g.Thecarisbeautifullyengineeredandapleasuretodrive.

这辆汽车设计完美，工艺精良，开起来过瘾。v.设计制造；策划TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsperform[pəˈfɔːm]v.e.g.toperformanexperiment/amiracle/aceremony做实验；创奇迹；举行仪式Sheperformsanimportantroleinourorganization.她在我们的组织中发挥着重要的作用。1.to