2023年高考第三次模拟考试卷-英语（上海B卷）（解析）

绝密★启用前

2023年高考第三次模拟考试卷

英语

（考试时间：150分钟试卷满分：140分）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改

动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在

本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

I.ListeningComprehension

SectionA（10分）

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,

anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.Thewoman,sideaistobewellconductedunderaniceplan.

B∙Thewoman,sideaistoofreshtobepractical.

C.Thewoman,sproposalisn,tfreshenough.

D.Thewoman'sprojectishardtorealize.

【答案】A

［原文】W:Quick,Iefsgetstartedontheprojectproposalwhiletheideaisstillfreshinourminds.There,s

notimelikethepresent.

M:Iguessweneedaplanfirst.Afterall,hastemakeswaste.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

2.A.Thegirlisinterestedinthosehome-grownflowers.

B.Thegirlislikelytopasstheflowerstoherfather.

C.Thefatheristohelpgrowsomeflowersinthegarden.

D.ThefatherisreadytotalktothegirΓsteacher.

【答案】A

【原文】M:Anythinginterestinginschooltoday?

W:Ourteachershowedusdifferentkindsofflowersandtoldusinpassingthatthoseflowerscamefrom

hergarden.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromthetalk?

3.A.Workinghard.

B.Refusingthejoboffer.

C.Expectinganotherchance.

D.Findinganidealjob.

【答案】C

【原文IW:TheCostcoWholesaleturneddownmyapplication.Idon,tknowwhattodoifIcan,tfindan

idealjob.

M:Well,don,ttakeitsohard.Betteropportunitieswillcomealong.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomandoing?

4.A.Inatheatre.

B.ɪnalibrary.

C.Inasupermarket.

D.Inamuseum.

【答案】B

【原文】W:Canɪstayhereforjustanotherminute?Ireallyneedtolookupsomething,suchasWarand

Peace,AnnaKarenina.

M:Sorry.Everyoneissupposedtoputbooksbacktotheshelveswhentheclosingbellsounds.

Q:Whereistheconversationmostprobablytakingplace?

5.A.Shedidn,tsleepwellthismorning.

B.Hersondidn,tcatchtheschoolbus.

C.Shedrivestheschoolbus.

D.Sheisalwayslateibrwork.

【答案】B

【原文】M:Youarelateforworktoday.

W:Yeah,Ihadtorushmysontoschool.Heoversleptthismorningandmissedtheschoolbus.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

6.A.Practicingaspeechcontest.

B.Listeningtosomeloudmusic.

C.Preparingforanoralexamination.

D.Talkingloudlyonthetelephone.

【答案】B

【原文】W:Hey,ifyoucan,tenjoytherockandrollatasensiblevolume,whynotuseearphones?I,m

preparingforthespeechcontest.

M:Oh,Sorry.Ididn,trealizeIwasbotheringyouallthistime.

Q:Whatisthemanprobablydoing?

7.A.Totellhimthattheyarebusy.

B.Tosharethephonesignalwithhim.

C.Toaskhimtogivethemaride.

D.Toinvitehimtodosportstogether.

【答案】D

【原文】M:IhavebeencallingDavidforthepasthalfhour,butIamalwaysgettingabusysignal.

W:Well,ifyoudon,tgethimsoon,wewilljusthavetogobowlingwithouthim.

Q:WhyarethespeakerstryingtocallDavid?

7.A.Totakeaphoto.

B.Totraveloverseas.

C.Toadoptachild.

D.Tolookforanewjob.

【答案】B

【原文】M:WhatdoIhavetodotoapplyforapassport?

W:Youneedproofofcitizenship,eitheranoldpassportorabirthcertificateandthreephotographs.Then

youmustcompletethisformandpayafee.

Q:Whatisthemanmostprobablygoingtodo?

9.A.Theydon,thaveanormalchildhood.

B.Theymayoutgrowtheircelebritylater.

C.Thepressuretheyareunderpaysoff.

D.Theirparentsdon,tconsidertheirfeelings.

【答案】C

【原文】W:Ifeelsorryforchildstars.Theyhaveareallyhardtimegrowingup.Thinkaboutallthe

pressuretheyareunder.

M:Whydoyousaythat?Whoisnotunderpressure?Buttheygetrichandfamous.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimplyaboutchildstars?

10.A.Heisshortofmoney.

B.Hehasbeenintroublerecently.

C.Hedoesn,twanttomissanywork.

D.Heisunwillingtostayathomealone.

【答案】C

【原文】W:Hi,Jack.Howareyoutoday?Whatseemstobethetrouble?

M:IfeelaSharPpaininmyknees.

W:You,dbettergoandseethedoctor.

M:He,llprobablyputmetobedandIcan,tmissanywork.

Q:Whydoesn,tJackwanttogotoseethedoctor?

SectionB（15分）

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandalongerconversation,andyouwillbeasked

severalquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassageandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichone

isthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.Lackofinterestinstudy.B.Theshortageofresources.

C.Herlackofaiminlife.D.Herunrealisticdreams.

12.A.Shekepttryingeventhoughshefailed.

B.ShewonascholarshiptostudyinChina.

C.Herwebsiteearnedheralotofmoney.

D.Shebuiltalibrarywithherexperience.

13.A.Trustyourinstinctandfollowyourheart.

B.Learningalanguageisthekeytosuccess.

C.Themoreyouexpect,themoredisappointedyouwillbe.

D.Theweakwaitforopportunities;thestrongcreatethem.

【答案】ILB12.A13.D

【原文】

Duringmyteenyears,Ifeltstuck.Iwantedtolearnsomanythingsandachievemywildestdreams,

yetIcouldn,t.Livinginanunderdevelopedcountιy,wedon,thaveanytrainingcourses,librariesorclubs,

andtheintemetisslow.

Oneday,Ihadhadenough.Idecidedtousetheresources1hadtocreatethefuture1dreamedof.Iset

mymindongettingtheChineseDreamScholarship.Ifoundarticlesandbooksonlinetobecomefluentin

Chinese.Inafewmonths,ɪwasabletoholdasimpleconversationinChinese.

IrealizedthatIwouldneedmoney.Isetouttobuildadogcarewebsite.Everyday,afterschool,I

wouldresearchdogsandwritedetailedarticlesaboutthem.

I,msureyou,reexpectingaspirit-liftingendingwhereItraveltoChinaandliveoffmywebsite.

However,that,snothowthisstoryends.Thefactis,ɪdidn,tevengetthechancetoapplyforthe

scholarship.Andthedogwebsiteonlymademeatotalof$60.Unwillingtoacceptthefacts,1startedan

onlineuniversitythenextyear.

I,mnotinChina,butIknowhowtospeakChinesenowandhavemetmanyinterestingpeoplealong

theway.Mywebsitedidn,tsucceed,butIcreatedanewonethat,sevenbetterwiththeexperienceI

gained.

Ididn'tletmydifficultiesstandinmyway,andIcreatedmyownopportunities.Anyonecanaccept

thecardsthey,vebeendealtandcreatetheirownwaytomakethemintoawinninghand.

(Nowlistenagain,please.)

Questions:

11.Whatpreventedthespeakerfromrealizingherdreamsduringherteens?

12.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker?

13.Whatdoesthespeakerwanttotellus?

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.ItisusedasmedicineinLatinAmerica.

B.Itbringsbenefitstoyourtongue.

C.Itcanspreadseedsinnature.

D.ɪtcancauseafeelingofpain.

15.A.Becausetheybringakindofnervousexcitement.

B.Becausetheycontainanti-cancerproperties.

C.Becausetheyaredangerouslybeautiful.

D.Becausetheycanturnanimalsaway.

16.A.Whatscientistshaveknownaboutcapsaicin.

B.WhychilipeppersareusedinSichuancuisine.

C.Howhotfoodaffectsyourbodyandfeelings.

D.Wherepeoplecanfindthebestspicyfood.

【答案】14.D15.A16.C

【原文】

FromLatinAmericatoSichuanprovince,chilipeppersandtheirfamousburningtastehavebecomea

worldwidefeeling.Buthowcouldsomethingthatburnssohotpossiblybeanygoodforpeople?

InastudybyresearchersatMarshallUniversityintheUS,scientistsmadethefirstcomplete

descriptionofcapsaicin—achemicalfoundinspicyfood—anditsanti-cancerproperties.Although

capsaicinisnotnormallyagoodmedicineduetoitsspicyflavor,thestudyfoundthattherearewaysto

bringoutitsanti-cancerbenefitswhileovercomingthesenegatives.

Innature,capsaicinevolvedasadefensemechanisminplantstodriveawayunwantedanimalswhile

attractingthosethatcouldspreadtheseeds,suchasbirdswhichcannottasteorfeelthespice.Froma

scientificpointofview,capsaicinworksbyactivatingapainreceptorinthebrain,causingthebodyto

reactasifithadactuallytouchedsomethinghotanddangerous.

So,whatisitthatattractshumanstocapsaicin,chilipeppersandspicyfoodingeneral?Besidesits

manyhealthbenefits-suchasweightloss,andbodyheatregulation-peopleloveeatingchilipeppers

preciselybecauseithitsthepainreceptorsinjusttherightway.

AsScientificAmericannoted,chilieatingisawaytogettheexcitementoflivingontheedgewithout

theriskofexposingyourselftorealdanger.Peopleseemtoenjoy-andactivelyseekout—suchfeelings,

likethesensationoffallingprovidedbyskydiving,orthefearandanxietywhenwatchinghorrormovies.

So,thenexttimeyoubiteintoahotchilipepper,remember:it,snotjusthealthy,butfuntoo!

(Nowlistenagain,please.)

Questions:

14.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutcapsaicin,achemicalfoundinspicyfood?

15.Accordingtothepassage,whydopeopleenjoychilipeppers?

16.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.Datingbackto6000yearsago.B.FeaturingGreekandRomancivilization.

C.Focusingonthelightoftheoldtime.D.Displayinggardensofdifferenttimes.

18.A.Chargetoomuchforadmission.Notpayenoughattentiontomodernart.

C.Exhibitartworksofpoorquality.Dealwithcriticismsbadly.

19.A.AvoidtakingkidstotheMet.

B.Bookatourguideservice.

C.Visitthegalleriesneartotheentrance.

D.Selectinterestinggalleriesonlineinadvance.

20.A.Allthepeoplepay25dollars.Localpeoplecandecidehowmuchtopay.

C.Foreignvisitorscanpayzero.D.Studentsmustpayhalfprice.

【答案】17.B18.B19.D20.B

【原文】W:Hey,Peter.Anyplanforthesummer?

M:Well,Jenny.IamthinkingofabrieftourofNewYork.Anysuggestions?

W:Sure.Onemust-seeplaceistheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.

M:Ah,theMet.Asalocalstudent,ɪhaveneverbeentotheMet.

W:Thenyouhavemissedoutalot.TheMetcontainsacollectionofhumanaccomplishments,covering

6,000yearsacrosstheentireglobe.

M:Butɪdon,thavemuchtime.

W:Thenyouhavetoplanyourvisitwell.Ithinkyoushouldn,tmissGallery162.

M:What,ssospecialaboutGallery162?

W:ThecollectionthereispackedwithobjectsfromtheGreekandRomancivilizationsandsomestatues

ondisplaywereintendedtofillancientgardenstocreatedelightandcomfort.

M:Amazing.

W:AnotherattractionisGallery915.TheMethasfacedcriticismforpayinginsufficientattentiontotheart

ofthepresent.ButifyouvisitGallery915ofmodernandContemporaiyart,youwillknowthosecriticisms

arenonsense.Exhibitsthereareofhighquality.

M:Isee.AndIamthinkingofbringingmylittlesister.IstheMetsuitableforher?

W:Ofcourse.ThereisnoplaceliketheMetforchildrentoconnectwiththeancientculturesoftheworld.

Sure,there,slotsofwalkingtodo,butparentscanstudythemuseum,sonlineinteractivetimelineofart

historytofindoutwhat,smostinterestingtothekidsandgodirectlytheresothatkidsdon'thavetowalka

lot.

M:Excellent.Sohowmuchistheadmissionfee?

W:25dollarsforadultsand12forstudents.ButlocalresidentsorNewYorkstudentscanpayasmuchas

theywish.

M:Really?

W:Definitely.Asyouarealocalresident,youcanpayasmuchasyouwish.

M:Amazing.Iwilltakeadvantageofthepolicy.

（Nowlistenagain>please.）

Questions

17.WhatisspecialaboutthecollectionsofGallery162?

18.WhathastheMetbeencriticizedfor?

19.Howcanparentswithkidsavoidextrawalking?

20.WhatistheticketpolicyoftheMet?

ILGrammarandvocabulary（⅛20题，每小题1分，满分20分）

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthe

givenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

LovelyTeamMembers

IfellinlovewithrhinoswhenIworkedinazoointhe80s,andspentmuchofthenext20yearsasthe

keeperofthelargestcaptive（圈养的）groupofrareblackrhinos.

Beingaggressiveandstupidis21impressesurbanresidentsaboutrhinos,butIdiscovereda

groupofsensitive,affectionateanimals.22（weigh）overaton,blackrhinosareunexpectedly

alertandhaveanunpredictablenature.However,23careandreassurance（安慰），theycanbe

verytrusting.

Inthepastfewyears,thenumberofrhinoshasdroppeddramatically,during24timeIhave

helpedlookafterrhinosbeingmovedtoreserves.Lastyear,Ihelpedonaprojecttoflyfiveblackrhinosto

theSerengetiNationalPark,wheretheyhadtobekeptcaptiveforafewweeksbefore25(release)

intothewild.Theylivedin“bomas''woodenenclosureswith“bedrooms”.

Acoupleofweeksbeforetheirplannedrelease,theskywasfilledwithsmokeandtheflameswere

blowingoverit,26(make)sureeverythingwasfine,Werushedtowardthebomas.Iwasterrified

thattherhinos27-(catch)fire,somyinitialresponsewastoreleasethem.ButIcouldn,t,because

they28(notfit)withtransmitters(发射器).IfIletthemout,wewouldhavegreatdifficulty

trackingthemdown.SoIdashedbacktothebomasandcalledtherhinostotheir“bedrooms”.Tomy

surprise,theymovedwithouthesitationandwere29(panicky)thanIhadthought.Afterhalfan

hour,thewindchangeddirectionandthefirebegantodiedown.

ThatWeandtherhinoshadescapedunscathed(未受伤的)wasamiracle.TherelationshipWehad

builtwiththoselovelyanimalsprovedcrucial.30it,allourworkwouldhavebeenfornothing.

Theteamworkofeverybodythereplayedalargeparttooandtherhinoswereverymuchpartofthatteam.

【答案】

21.what22.Weighing23.with24.which25.beingreleased26.Tomake27.would

catch28.weren,tfitted∕weren,tfit29.lesspanicky30.Without

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了大家都认为犀牛好斗和愚蠢，但作者却认为黑犀牛是一种深

情且值得信赖的动物，作者不仅养了犀牛20年，还和它们建立了深厚的感情。

21.考查表语从句连接词。句意：好斗和愚蠢是城市居民对犀牛的印象，但我发现它们是一群敏感、

深情的动物。分析句子可知，空格处引导is后面的表语从句，且从句缺主语，表"什么”，应使用连

接代词WhaI引导。故填What。

22.考查非谓语动词。句意：体重超过一吨，黑犀牛出乎意料地警觉，并且具有不可预测的天性。

分析句子可知，句子已经有谓语，空格处应使用非谓语形式，weigh在此表示“有……重”，与逻辑

主语blackrhinos之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词表主动，作状语，且置于句首，首字母

要大写。故填Weighing。

23.考查介词。句意：然而，有着关爱和安慰，它们非常值得信赖。分析句子可知，句子结构完整，

此处应使用介词+名词形成介词短语作状语。结合语境，however表示转折，此处强调犀牛的优点，

拥有关爱和安慰人的特点，它们非常值得信赖。表示“附着，带有”应使用介词Wilh。故填With。

24.考查定语从句关系词。句意：在过去的几年里，犀牛的数量急剧下降，在此期间，我帮助照顾

的犀牛被转移到保护区。分析句子可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，且前面有介词during,应使用

介词+关系代词引导,修饰前面的主句(侧重点不在于主句中的时间名词，而是整个句子),应用during

whichtime引导,表“在...期间故填whicho

25.考查非谓语动词。句意：去年，我帮助了一个项目，将五头黑犀牛带到塞伦盖蒂国家公园，在

那里它们必须被圈养几周，然后被释放到野外。介词before后用动名词形式，分析句子可知，where

theyhadtobekeptcaptiveforafewweeksbefore(release)intotheWiId.为非限制性定语从

句，从句的主语是they,指代前文的fiveblackrhinos,和非谓语动词release之间为被动关系，该

空用动名词的被动式。故填beingreleased。

26.考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保一切都很好，我们冲向木质围栏。分析句子可知，句子有谓

语rushed,make要使用其非谓语形式，结合语境，此处应使用不定式作目的状语，且置于句首，

首字母要大写。故填TOmake。

27.考查时态。句意：我很害怕犀牛会着火，所以我的第一反应是释放它们。分析句子可知，IWaS

terrifiedthattherhinos(catch)fire是宾语从句，当主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态

的某种形式，结合语境，是担心可能会着火，would可以用于表示某事的可能性，应使用情态动词

wouldo故填wouldcatcho

28.考查时态。句意：但我不能，因为它们没有配备发射器。befitted/fkwith(配备)，根据CoUIdlft

和上下文语境可知，此处也应使用一般过去时，再根据主语Ihey和提示词not可知，应使用一般过

,

去时复数的否定形式。故填werentfitted∕fito

29.考查比较级。句意：令我惊讶的是，它们毫不犹豫地移动并且没我想象中的那么惊慌失措。根

据后文的than和提示词PaniCky可知，此处要使用形容词的比较级，结合语境，是没"我''想象中的

那么惊慌失措，所以是IeSSPaniCky。故填IeSSPaniCky。

30.考查介词。句意：没有它，我们所有的工作都是徒劳的。it指代上文的TherelationshipWehadbuilt

withthoselovelyanimals,结合语境，没有“我们”与犀牛之间建立的联系，"我们''所做的工作就是徒

劳的，表示没有应用介词WithOUt,置于句首要大写。故填WithOUt。

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeused

once.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.agreementsB.chatteringC.effortsD.feasiblyE.fulfillmentF.hard

G.introducedH.moralityI.persuadedJ.seizedK.spoiled

Here,stoguilt-freeflying

MajaRosengaveupflyingadecadeagooutofconcernforitsenvironmentalimpact.Butwhenshe

becameamotherandstartedhangingoutwithotherparents,shedidn,tbringitup,evenwhenthe

conversationturnedtoflying.Itwouldhave31themood.

TheninApril2018,herhomecountryofSweden32ataxonaviation（飞彳亍）.Theclimate

impactsofflyingwereontheeveningnewsandthemoodchanged.Rosen33themoment.With

,,

herneighborLottaHammar,shelaunchedacampaigncalled“Westayontheground5which

has3410,000peopletocommittoavoidflightsin2019.

Kudos.Buthere,sthe35truth:inthegrandschemeofthings,barelyanyonewillfollowsuit.

The36classestendtohavealottosayabouttheecobenefitsofavoidingmeat,cyclingand

eatinglocallysourcedfood.Butthat37generallydisappearswhenitcomestoflying.

Wccan,trelyoninternational38tostopaviationemissioneither.Yes,theUNhasfixedupa

dealtocapaviationemissionsbeyond2020.Butitlacksrealbite,allowingairlinestocontinueemitting

carbonprovidedtheyOffSet（抵消）it.

AllthismeansWecouldreallydowithgreentechridingtotherescue.Here,atleast,thereisalittle

goodnews.Evenrathersimplemeasureslikefreeingplanestoflyinstraighterlinescould39cut

carbonemissions.Hybrid（混合动力的）electricaircraftarealsothepipeline.Andwealreadyknowthat

planescanmixupto50percentbiofuelsintotheirtanksandflysafely.

It'stimetoredoubleour40tomakeplanesgreen.Inthemeantime,ifyouarestilllooking

foraNewYear,sresolution,youmightwanttothinkaboutjoiningthose105000Swedes.

【答案】

31.K32.G33.J34.I35.F36.B37.H38.A39.D40.C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文由介绍一项由瑞典女性发起的“不乘坐飞机''运动开启，进而介绍目

前让航空业更加绿色环保面临的问题，最后呼吁人们要加大环保力度。

31.考查谓语动词。句意：谈话气氛会被破坏。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填写动词过去分词，

与前面的助动词WoUkIhaVe构成谓语，spoiled“破坏”为动词过去分词形式，符合文意,故选K项。

32.考查谓语动词。句意：然后到了2018年4月，她的祖国瑞典出台了一项针对飞行的税收政策。

分析句子结构可知，设空处应填写动词作谓语；又根据时间状语inApril2018可知，该处应填写动

词过去式，表示“引入……（政策）'‘，introduce"引入；介绍''为动词，符合文意，故选G项。

33.考查谓语动词。句意：R。Sen抓住了这个时机。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填写动词作谓语；

根据前文的句意可知，设空处还是表述过去发生的事情，应使用动词的过去式，SeiZed"抓住；占据”

为动词过去式形式，符合文意，故选J项。

34.考查谓语动词。句意：她和邻居LottaHammar共同发起一个名为“我们在地面”运动。此次运动

已经在2019年说服了1万人承诺不再乘坐飞机。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填写动词作谓语；又

根据空格前的助动词has可知，该处填写动词过去分词形式，构成现在完成时态，persuaded“说服”

为动词过去式形式，符合文意，故选I项。

35.考查形容词作定语。句意：但是这里有一个残酷的事实：声势浩大的事情，儿乎任何人都会跟

风加入。分析句子结构可知，该处应填写形容词，hard“艰难的；残酷的“为形容词，作truth的定语，

表示“残酷的现实“，故选F项。

36.考查非谓语动词。句意：喜欢对社会发表意见的人们往往很愿意谈论素食、自行车骑行和选择

就近生产的食物带来的生态环境益处。分析句子结构可知，该空格处作定语，chatteringclasses为固

定搭配，意为“清谈阶层；喜欢对政治或社会问题发表意见的人"，故选B项。

37.考查名词。句意：但是这种道德准则遇到飞行话题上就会缺位。分析句子结构可知，空格处应

填写名词，作主语;根据空格前的that可知，该处指代上文人们生态保护方面的道德准则,morality”道

德；道德准则”为名词，符合文意，故选H项。

38.考查名词。句意：我们也不能只是依靠国际协议来阻止航空业的温室气体排放。分析句子结构

可知，该空格处应填写名词，作宾语，agreements"协议；合同”为名词，符合文意，故选A项。

39.考查副词。句意：即使是相当简单的措施，如让飞机以直线飞行，也可以有效减少碳排放。混

合动力的电动飞机也在蓄势待发。分析句子结构可知，该空格处应填写副词，修饰谓语动词cut,

feasibIy"可行地；行得通地''为副词，符合句意表述，故选D项。

40.考查名词。句意：我们如今要加倍努力，让航空业变得更加绿色环保。分析句子结构可知，该

处应填写名词，作宾语；efforts”努力”为名词，符合文意，故选C项。

IIIReadingComPrehenSiOn（满分45分）

SeCtiOnA（共15题，每小题1分，满分15分）

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.

Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Humanbeingshavesomehowmanagedtoengineerthenighttoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.This

kindofcontrolisnodifferentfromthefeat（壮举）ofdammingariver.Itsbenefitscome

with41-calledlightpollution-whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.

Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign.42lightingwashesoutthedarknessof

night,alteringlightlevelsandlightrhythmstowhichmanyformsoflife,includingourselves,

have43Whereverman-madelightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectsoflife-migration,

reproduction,feeding-isaffected.

Formosthumanhistoιy,thephraseςςlightpollution^^wouldhave44Imaginewalking

towardsLondononamoonlitnightaround1800,whenitwasEarth,smostpopulouscity.Nearlyamillion

peoplelivedthere,45candles,torchesandlanterns,astheyalwayshad.Onlyafewhouseswere

litbygas,andtherewouldbenopublicgaslightsinthestreetsorsquaresforanothersevenyears.Froma

fewmilesaway,youwouldhavebeenmorelikelyto46Londonthantoseeitsdimcollective

glow.

We,velitupthenightasifitwerea(n)47country.Asamatteroffact,amongmammals(哺

孚L动物)alone,thenumberofspeciesactiveatnightisastonishing.Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,

andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnetattractingthemtoit.Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeak

ofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing48bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflareson

marineoilplatforms,circlingandcirclinginthethousandsuntiltheydrop.

Itwasoncethoughtthatlightpollutiononlyaffectedastronomers,whoneedtoseethenightskyinall

itsgloriousclarity.Unlikeastronomers,mostofUSmaynotneeda49viewofthenightskyfor

ourwork.50,likemostothercreatures,Wedoneeddarkness.5]darknessis

pointless.Itisasessentialtomaintainingourbiologicalwelfareas52itself;thepriceof

modifyingourinternalclockworkmeansitdoesn,toperateasitshould,causingvariousphysical

discomlbrts.Sofundamentalaretheregularrhythmsofwakingandsleeptoourbeingthat53

themissimilartoalteringourcenterofgravity.

Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesusto54ourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforget

thescaleofourbeing,whichisbest55againstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilky

Way—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.

41.A.consequencesB.achievementsC.agreementsD.circumstances

42.A.Randomly-designedB.Well-designed

C.Poorly-designedD.Economically-designed

43.A.appealedB.adaptedC.objectedD.amounted

44.A.comeundercriticismB.madenodifference

C.comeintoeffectD.madenosense

45.A.makingdowithB.fedupwith

C.identifyingwithD.overflowingwith

46.A.visitB.greetC.feelD.smell

47.A.independentB.disconnectedC.unoccupiedD.excluded

48.A.exposedB.capturedC.dismissedD.frustrated

49.A.clearB.comprehensiveC.traditionalD.critical

50.A.SubsequentlyB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Similarly

51.A.ReviewingB.EmbracingC.DenyingD.Regulating

52.A.lightB.rhythmC.statusD.dawn

53.A.emergingfromB.withdrawingfromC.messingwithD.coincidingwith

54.A.keeptrackofB.losesightofC.catchholdofD.letgoof

55.A.measuredB.neutralizedC.undergoneD.supervised

【答案】

41.A42.C43.B44.D45.A46LD47.C48.B49.A50.B51.C52

A53.C54.B55.A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了因为人类照明导致的光污染相关情况。

41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的好处伴随着被称为光污染的后果，科学家们现在才开始研究光

污染的影响。A.consequences结果；B.achievements成就；C.agreement同意；D.circumstances情

况。根据下文“lightpollution（光污染厂可知，这是人类黑夜使用灯光造成的结果。故选A项。

42.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拙劣设计的的照明消除夜晚的黑暗，改变包括我们在内的许多生

命形式所适应的光线水平和光线节奏。A.RandOmIy-designed随意设计的；B.Wen-designed好好设

计的；C.PooIiy-designed拙劣设计的；D.ECOnOmiCaHy-designed经济实惠设计的。根据上文“Light

pollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign.（光污染在很大程度上是不良照明设计的结果户可

知，本文探讨的光污染与不良照明设计关系密切，即拙劣设计的照明。故选C项。

43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：拙劣设计的的照明消除夜晚的黑暗，改变包括我们在内的许多生命

形式所适应的光线水平和光线节奏。A.appealed呼吁；B.adapted使适应；C.objected反对；D.

amounted共计。根据上文“alteMnglightlevelsandlightrhythms（改变光线水平和光线节奏厂可推测，

发生改变的是大家习以为常的光线水平和节奏，而动词搭配adaptt。意为“使适应”，此处表示人们

以及适应的光线水平和节奏被改变，符合语境。故选B项。

44.考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于大多数人类历史而言，“光污染”这一短语毫无意义。A.comeunder

CritiCiSm遭受批评；B.madenodifference没区另小C.comeintoeffect∑k¾;D.madenosense没意义。

根据下文“ImaginewalkingtowardsLondononamoonlitnightaround1800,whenitwasEarth'smost

POPUk）USCity.（想象一下，大概在1800年，在一个月明的夜晚走向伦敦这个地球上人口