2021高考人教版英语二轮专题复习《统考版》40分阅读理解提分练（五）

40分阅读理解提分练(五)阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A[2020·济南市高三年级学习质量评估]CongratulationsonyourofferofadmissiontoStanfordUniversity(SU)!Allthoseadmittedtograduatestudymustinformusofyourdecisionstoacceptordecline.Toacceptordeclinetheofferofadmissionontheweb,youfirstneedtosetupyourStanfordUniversityNetworkIdentificationname(SUNetID).Approximately24hoursafterthat,youwillbeabletologintoAxesstoacceptordeclinetheoffer.CreatingaSUNetIDYouwillneedyourstudentIDnumbersenttoyoubySU.OntheStanfordUniversityAccountswebsite,choose“CreateanewSUNetID”andselectthefirstbutton(IhaveaUniversityID)andfollowtheinstructions.—LogintoAxessusingyourSUNetID.—Inthetopmenubar,hoverover(悬停)“STUDENT”forthe“NEWADMITS,GraduateAdmissionResponse”sectiontoberevealed.—Click“GraduateAdmissionResponse”toopentheresponsepage.—Afteryouhaveacceptedtheofferofadmission,youwillbeabletocreateyouremailaccountandaccessotherservices.AddressUpdatesInordertoreceiveimportantinformationbeforeyouarriveoncampus,itisessentialthatyoukeepyourmailingandemailaddressesuptodateinAxess.AdmissionDeferral(延期)RequestsAdmissionisofferedforaspecificacademicprogram.Departmentshavedifferentpoliciesonwhethertheywilldeferadmissionorrequireanewapplicationforlaterenrollment.Requeststodelayadmissionshouldbesubmittedinwritingtothegraduateprogramthatofferedadmission.YoucanseetheProgramListforcontactinformation.1．Whoisthistextintendedfor?A．SUofferreceivers.B．Collegegraduates.C．Stanfordapplicants.D．Universitystudents.2．WhatisrequiredtoaccepttheofferadmissiontoSU?A．Anemailaccount.B．AprogramlistofSU.C．Apersonalrequestletter.D．AnIDnumberfromSU.3．WhatdoesSUadvisestudentstodo?A．Updatecontactinformation.B．Renewtheapplicationletter.C．Accepttheofferofadmission.D．Arriveoncampusinadvance.B[2020·银川市普通高中学科教学质量检测]WithbushfirescontinuingtoswallowdifferentpartsofAustralia,alocalzooinNewSouthWalesthestatewhichistheeasiesttocatchfirehashittheheadlineswithaheartwarmingstory.Rightwithintherangeofabushfire,thekeepersofMogoWildlifeParkmanagedtoprotectall200animalsfromharmaftertheyreceivedevacuation(撤离)orders,accordingtoreports.Netizenswerequicktoreactonsocialmediaandpraisedthebraveryofthezookeepers,astheystayedandmanagedtoprotectanimalsfromuncontrolledfiresandevenshelteredsomeattheirownhouse.The40­year­oldzookeeper,ChadStaples,describedthesituationastheworstcatastrophe,whichfeltlikeArmageddon(大决战)here.Luckily,histeamhadmadeapreciseplanaheadoftimeincludingmovingeverythingflammable(易燃的)fromtheareaandthelargeranimalstosafeplaces.What'sremarkableisthatasthesmalleronesneededextrashelter,Staplesdecidedtotakethemtohisownhouse.“Rightnowinmyhousethereareanimalsofalldescriptionsinallthedifferentrooms.Theyaresafeandprotected...notasingleanimalislost，”hesaid.BBCnewsalsomentionedthat“there'satigertothebackofthehouse”.Somemediaoutletshighlightedthe“heroicjob”intheirheadlines.Onlineusersalsoreactedwiththumbs­upandweregladtoseeallthestaffandanimalsingthroughthehorrficfire.LocatedinthesoutherncoastofNewSouthWales,MogoWildlifeParkhousesAustralia'slargestcollectionofprimates,andmanydifferentanduniqueanimalssuchaszebras,giraffes,rhinosandredpandas.4．NewSouthWaleshitstheheadlinesbecauseof________.A．itsfamouszooB．itsendangeredanimalsC．theheartwarmingeventD．beingeasytocatchfire5．WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMogoA．ItbelongstoChadStaples.B．Noneoftheanimalsismissing.C．Itmerelyholdsrareanimalspecies.D．Extrashelterswerebuiltforemergencies.6．WhichwordcanprobablydescribeChadStaples?A．Irresponsible.B．Considerate.C．Selfish.D．Energetic.7．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheHeroicJob.B．TheHorrificFire.C．TheExtinctAnimals.D．TheBraveZooKeepers.C[2020·长沙市四校高三模拟]Reducing,reusing,andrecyclingisawayoflifeinSweden.Recyclingisrequiredbylawandgarbageissortedathomebeforeitgoestoarecyclingcenter.Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust300metersofallresidentialareas.“RecyclingalmosteverythingisamustinSwedennow.Itactuallyfeelsveryunfortablewhenyouvisitanothercountryandcan'tfindeasywaystorecycle，”saidOwenGaffney,anexpertatStockholmResilienceCentreandFutureEarth.Butnotallofitsgarbageisrecycled.Swedenusesalternativesthatincludeincineratinggarbagetomakeelectricityinsteadofusingfossilfuels(化石燃料)toheat1.2millionhomes.Abouthalfofhouseholdgarbageissenttooneofthe33waste­to­heatplants.Swedenisimportinggarbagefromothercountriestokeeptheseplantsrunning.Swedenisalsoaworldleaderinturningfoodwasteintoeco­friendlybiogas.Ithasmadefoodwastecollectionpulsorybeginningin2021.Thereisafoodwastebiogasplant,whichallowsbiogastobeusedtorunpublicbusesandtoheatapartmentbuildings.Swedennowwantstodealwiththoseremainingitemsthatcannotberecycledbyusingacircular(循环论证的)economyapproach.Itmeansthatproductscanbereusedandonlyrecycledwhenabsolutelynecessary.TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindawayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy.Thiswillnotworkeffectivelyunlesspeoplearetaughttochangetheirbehavior.Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings.ThelargeSwedishclothingretailer(零售商)H&Moperatesarecyclingprogramthatgivescustomersdiscountswhentheybringbackoldclothing.Swedenisfightingclimatechangebydoingalltherightstuff.Wasterecyclingandtheplanstoswitchtoacirculareconomywillgoalongwayinreducingitscarbonfootprintandwillhelpstopglobalwarming.8．WhatdoweknowaboutSweden?A．Swedenimportshouseholdgarbageforbiogas.B．ItisconvenienttorecyclethingsinSweden.C．HalfofgarbageinSwedenisusedtoproduceheat.D．EverythingisrecycledafterbeingusedinSweden.9．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mean?A．Burning.B．Treating.C．Throwing.D．Reusing.10．Whatdoestheadvisorygroupdo?A．Teachpeoplehowtosavefossilfuels.B．Conductasurveyaboutthelocaleconomy.C．Offeradviceonenvironmentalpolicy.D．Makesurethecitizensrecyclewisely.11．Howdoesthegovernmentencourageitscitizenstoreuse?A．Itprovidesvariousrecyclingprograms.B．Itcutsdowntaxesonnewproducts.C．Itgivesdiscountstoregularbuyers.D．Itofferslowerpricesforrepairs.D[2020·青岛市高三练习诊断]KevinRandall,ateacher,whoteachesbiologyatGrandvilleHighSchool,runstheenvironmentalclubatthehighschool,whichhasaround2,000students.TheclubisknownastheGHSGreenTeam,anditaimstoraiseawarenessamongstudentsandteachersaboutsustainability(持续性).Italsoworksonprojectstoreducetheenvironmentalfootprintofthebuildingitself.Oneoftheclub'srecentprojectsfocusedonreducingwasteintheschoolcafeteria.Randallsaidtheircafeteriasupervisortoldthemthattheschoolwentthrough54,000plasticforkseveryyear.Theclubappliedforthefinancialhelp,builtrecyclingcentersforthecafeteria,andpurchasedmetalsilverware.Andnoweverystudentusesadurablemetalforkoraspooninsteadofdisposables(一次性用品),“andthat'sjustonewaywe'retryingtocapturethelow­hangingfruit,ifyouwill，”Randallsaid.TheeffortsofRandallandhisstudentshaveearnedGrandvilleHighSchooltheMichiganRandallsaidhewasmotivatedtotaketheleadonenvironmentalissuesforhisschoolbecausehewantedhisstudentstohavesomeonetoturntointhebuildingwhounderstandswhat'satstake(有风险)whenitestoclimatechange.“AndIalsofeltlikeIneededtodomoreinmylifeformyowntwochildrenathome，”Randalladded.“Theyneedtoknowthattheirdadisworkingashardashecantoreducetheeffectsofclimatechange,andtospreadtheword,andtomakesurethatotherstudentsouttherearelearningaboutthisjustthewaytheyareathome.”12．WhatisthepurposeoftheGHSGreenTeamclub?A．Toinspirestudents'loveforbiology.B．Tofinishtheprojectsassignedbyschool.C．Topreparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs.D．Topromoteenvironmentalprotection.13．What'stheresultoftheprojectontheschoolcafeteria?A．Ithaschangedtheoutlookofthecafeteria.B．Studentscanhavemorefruitsinthecafeteria.C．Plasticforksarenolongerusedinthecafeteria.D．Theschoolhasbeefamousnationwide.14．What'sthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theclassificationoftheprojects.B．Thecharacteristicsoftheclub.C．Theactivitiesorganizedbytheclub.D．Thefutureoftheclub.15．WhatwasRandall'saimbydoingtheworkonenvironmentalissues?A．Toeducatetheyoung.B．Togetmaterialrewards.C．Toamusehischildren.D．Tomakehimselffamous.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2020·武汉市高中毕业生质量检测]__16__Oneday,whenIwasperhapssixyearsold,Iwaswalkingwithmyfatheronacrowdedstreet.Allofasudden,thenormalflowofpedestriantrafficbackedupaspeopletriedtoavoidalargeobjectonthesidewalk.Tomyastonishment,theobjectturnedouttobeahumanbeing,amanlyingunconsciousagainstabuilding.__17__Certainlynoonemadeeyecontact.Aswewalkedby,myfather—themodelofaloving,caringgentleman—pointedtoabottleinapaperbagandtoldmethatthepoorsoulonthesidewalkjustneededtosleepitoff.Thenthedrunkenmanbegantomurmur(低语)senselessly.Myfatherwarnedmenottogonear,saying“Youneverknowhowhe'llreact.”__18__Ihadspenttheprevious12monthstravelinginpoorAsiancities,butevenbythosestandardsthiswasasceneofmisery.Inadditiontobeingdesperatelypoor,thelocalshadtoliveintheextremelyhotclimatewithridiculouslyhugecrowdsandafairlystrongwindblowingdusteverywhere.Suddenlyamancarryingahugebagofpeanutscalledoutinpainandfelltotheground.__19__Halfadozensellersranfromtheirstandstohelp,leavingunattendedwhatmighthavebeenthetotalityoftheirpossessions.Oneputablanketundertheman'shead;anotheropenedhisshirt;thethirdonequestionedhimcarefullyaboutthepain;thefourthonefetchedwater;thefifthonekeptonlookersfromcrowdingaroundtooclosely;thesixthoneranforhelp.__20__Theperformancecouldhavepassedforafinalexamataparamedic(护理人员)school.A．Ithenwitnessedanastonishingscene.B．Nooneofthepassers­byseemedtonoticethatitwasaman.C．ThiswastotallydifferentfromthebitterexperienceIhadinNewYork.D．Withinminutes,adoctorarrived,andtwootherlocalsjoinedintoassist.E．Isooncametoseethatday'slessonasbasicknowledgeforaNewYorker.F．I'llalwaysrememberalessonthatIlearnedasaboygrowingupinNewYorkCity.G．YetmanyyearslaterIhadaverydifferentexperiencewhilevisitingamarketinRangoon.40分阅读理解提分练(五)第一节A语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——通知书——入学通知书[文章大意]文章介绍了收到斯坦福大学研究生录取通知书的人如何在指定的网站上注册账号，以告知校方自己决定接受还是拒绝录取通知书。1．答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据关键句“CongratulationsonyourofferofadmissiontoStanfordUniversity(SU)!Allthoseadmittedtograduatestudymustinformusofyourdecisionstoacceptordecline.”(第一段第一、二句)可知，本文的写作对象是收到斯坦福大学研究生录取通知书的人。故选A。2．答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据关键句“YouwillneedyourstudentIDnumbersenttoyoubySU.”(CreatingaSUNetID部分第一段第一句)可知，学生需要斯坦福大学发送的学生证号码才能接受该大学的录取通知书。故选D。3．答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据关键句“Inordertoreceiveimportantinformationbeforeyouarriveoncampus,itisessentialthatyoukeepyourmailingandemailaddressesuptodateinAxess.”(AddressUpdates部分)可知，斯坦福大学建议学生及时更新联系方式。故选A。B语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——热点事件——动物园的饲养员救助动物的英勇事迹[文章大意]暖心故事成为新闻焦点——澳大利亚森林大火持续蔓延，Mogo野生动物园的饲养员们想方设法保护园内动物免遭大火侵害，甚至在自己家里收容需要额外居所的较小动物。4．答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“alocalzooinNewSouthWalesthestatewhichistheeasiesttocatchfirehashittheheadlineswithaheartwarmingstory”可知，位于最易着火的新南威尔士州的一家动物园以一则暖心的故事成为新闻焦点。故选C。5．答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“notasingleanimalislost”可知，B选项“没有一只动物失踪”正确。干扰项分析根据第五段“What'sremarkableisthatasthesmalleronesneededextrashelter,Staplesdecidedtotakethemtohisownhouse”可知，该公园没有用来应对突发事件的额外的避难所，所以Staples才决定把较小的动物带回家，故D选项不对。6．答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第五段内容可知，因为较小的动物需要额外的避难所，Staples就决定把它们带回自己家，由此可推知，ChadStaples是体贴的，故B项正确。irresponsible“不负责任的”；selfish“自私的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。技巧点拨褒贬排除法。文章颂扬了动物园饲养员的事迹，而A、C两项是两个贬义词，首先排除，D选项与文章大意不符，故也排除。7．答案与解析：D考查标题判断。本文主要颂扬了Mogo野生动物园的饲养员在森林大火持续蔓延之际，将较大的动物们转移到安全的地方，将较小的动物带到自己家里，从而保护它们免遭大火侵害的英勇事迹，D项最适合作文章标题。C语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——人与环境——分类回收和使用二手商品[文章大意]在瑞典，减少、再利用和回收是一种生活方式。瑞典政府鼓励人们回收和使用二手商品，废品先分类，再回收。8．答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust300metersofallresidentialareas”可知，在瑞典回收物品是很方便的。9．答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据第二段的第二句可知，瑞典通过焚烧化石燃料的替代品——垃圾来发电，为120万个家庭供热。画线词incinerating的意思是“焚烧”，与“Swedennowwants...approach”和burning同义。10．答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Swedennowwants...approach”和“TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindawayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy”可知，瑞典政府成立了一个咨询小组，目的是找到一个方法使通过循环经济法处理不能被回收利用的产品的做法成为政府环境政策的一部分，即咨询小组的职责就是为环境政策提供建议。11．答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings”可知，政府正在改革其