高考语法填空技巧

语法填空解题技巧解题步骤〔宗旨——先语境、后语法〕：〔1〕把握文章大意；〔2〕分析句子结构、理解句子意义；〔3〕运用语法知识、结合解题思路答题；〔4〕分析考点核实答案。要做到________、____、____、____、和________五方面结合；注意大小写！篇章语境句意语法思路考点分析给出动词给出提示词的题给知名词/形容词/副词不作谓语作谓语：考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致词类转换作非谓语语法填空解题思路〔一〕：填todo填doing填done作主语/宾语:表习惯/一般情况作目的/结果/形容词后的状语:与逻辑主语是主动关系/动作正在进行表具体情况填todo作定/状语/补语:与逻辑主语是被动关系/动作已完成填doing作表/定/补语:作主/宾语:填形容词填名词饰动词/形容词/副词/句子作状语在冠词/形'物'代词后或“冠词+形容词”后填名词填副词词性不变，词义也不变填该词的比较等级词性不变，词义相反加否认/反义的前/后缀表动作发生在将来填todo1.缺主语或宾语2.作主/宾/表语的名词或“形容词+名词”前，填冠词填形容词性物主代词、指示代词填不定代词3.名词/代词/动名词在句中不作主/表，也不作动宾时，4.两个或几个单词或短语间没连词，5.两句(一个主谓关系算一句)间没连词，也没分号/句号，语法填空解题思路〔二〕：纯设空题填代词前面填介词填并列连词填限定词填附属连词6.假设结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词/表强调或倒装的助动词(do/does/did等)给出提示词的题考点归纳：〔1〕谓语的时态、语态、语气、人称和数〔2〕非谓语：todo;doing;done〔3〕词类转换：转换成名词、形容词、副词〔4〕形容词和副词的比较等级〔5〕变否认或反义的前、后缀纯设空题考点归纳：〔1〕代词：人称、物主、指示、反身、不定〔2〕冠词：a/an/the〔3〕介词〔4〕连词：并列、附属〔5〕情态动词、表强调或倒装的助动词注意：连续3年都没考查的考点〔1〕给出提示词的题：谓语的被动语态；名词：变否认或反义的前、后缀；〔2〕纯设空题：物主代词、指示代词、反身代词；并列连词；情态动词、表强调或倒装的助动词；注意其构成、数和所有格；首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。1.缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。1.Whatwasworse,[19]____wasalreadydarkwhenIarrivedathishouse.

(12汕头监测)it2....themanundressed[24]________immediatelyanddoveintothewaterforhissword.

(12金山、揭阳一中联考)himself2.名词前是空格，假设该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词、形容词性物主代词或some,any,other,another,either,neither,less,more,little,few,many,much等。1.Afterhearingtheevidence,thejudgeaskedthemantodrop[24]____25-centcoinontheground.(12广州调研)a2.Shewassodistressedaboutthemiseryofpoorpeoplethatsheleft[31]____finehometospendherlifeintheslumsofChicago.(10惠州一模)her3.Manymeanshadbeentriedbut[22]_____ofthemweregoodenoughtocatchtherats.(11惠州一模)none3.名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词。4.假设两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填并列连词。JaneAdamswasalsoactiveinfighting[35]______theuseofchildlaborandwar.(10惠州一模)againstIsoonfoundthatthekeyVernongavemecouldnotunlockeitherthefrontdoor[20]____thebackdoor.(12汕头监测)or5.假设两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列或附属连词。1.In1931,janeAdamswasawardedtheNobelPrizefor[40]______shehaddoneforsociety.

IwastoreturntoGuangzhou.(10惠州一模)what2.TheOldLibrarytodaycontainsabout13,000manuscriptsandmorethan800,000books,[90]_____manyofthemarevery[91]valuable

(value).(12执信期末考试)and6.假设结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did等)。IexplainedthatwhileIdidn’tcarryanycash,I[36]____happentohaveanewblanket,andaskedhimifhecoulduseit.Hewasthrilled.(10茂名一模)did7.假设缺状语，一定是填副词(在纯空中考的可能性不大，即使考，也是些常见的简短的副词)。Hewasupright,loyalandhighlyrespected.[18]_________,hewasdismissedfromoffice.

(11汕头四校联考)However(1)由itis…that…强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。…and[40]____wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG(味精)!(09广州一模)_______withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.注意：根据特殊句式的结构来判断空格应填的词。itOnly(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,notuntil,had等，还是填do,does,did等。(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的的句式判断，空格处是否填it。1.Lastyear,mydaughterwasdiagnosedwithleukemia(白血病).Itisstillhardtowritethatword.[16]____isevenhardertosayitoutloud,becauseitfeelslikethatwillmakeitmorereal.(11汕头质量监测)2.Andthosewhofind[17]____difficulttoaddupthenumbershouldn’tfeeltoohopeless...(12六校联考)Itit(4)so/such…that…句型。They[16]werecarried(carry)nearlyonemile,butwereletdownsogently[34]______noneofthethreewasseriouslyinjured.

(11佛山二模)that(5)more…than…(与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。Cynthia’sstoryshowsvividlythatpeopleremembermorehowmuchamanagercares[40]_____howmuchhepays.(深圳宝安期末)thanBeinggoodatmathematicsmaybeentirelypre-destined—youeitherhaveit[16]_____youdon’t.(12六校联考)or(6)either...or...;neither...nor...;notonly...butalso句型。代词代词考点归纳：1.人称代词：主格、宾格2.物主代词：形容词性、名词性3.反身代词4.指示代词5.表示“两者”(both/neither/either)或“多者”(all/none/any)的不定代词6.表示“别的，另外的”(another,other,others,theother,theothers)不定代词7.表示“每一”的each和every8.表示“一些”的some和any9.复合不定代词：由every-,some-,any-,no-与-thing,-one,-body等构成的不定代词。10.替代词it,that,those,one11.it的用法1.Roystonand[35]______volunteerscollect,packandgiveoutgiftsandcandy-15tonsoftoysandgoodies[36]donated(donate)byfolksandbusinesses....Angelscomeinallshapes,sizesandcostumes.Andallof[39]______bringhappinessandlittlemiraclesalong,[40]encouraging(encourage)otherstopassthemalong.(10惠州二模)2.Mr.Joneswokeearlyonemorning.Itwasabeautifulmorning,so[16]____

wenttothewindowandlookedout.(13惠州二模)otherthemhe3.Tomfeltthathekneweverybody’sbusinessbetterthantheyknewit____________.(全国)themselves4.Ifyourunaftertwoharesatthesametime,youwillcatch_______.neither5.Whenthehorsewiththebellreturnstothebarneachevening,hewillstop23frequently(frequent)tolookback,makingsurethatthe[24]______isn'ttoofarbehindtohearthebell.〔11汕头一模〕6.Movedbythebeautyofhismusic,thesemenrecognizedexcellenceandrespondedto[25]____.(11广一模)otherit7._____ofuscouldlivewithoutotherpeople.None8.I’mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan_____inthecity.that9.Manywillfailtofindjobsorlosethe_____theyhave.ones10.…as[32]___tookthemjustthreeminutestostealpaintingsbytwoworld-famousartists…(08佛山二模)it连词连词考点归纳：1.并列连词:and,when(=andjustatthistime),notonly…but(also)…,neither…nor…;or,otherwise,orelse,either...or;but,yet,not…but…;while;for,so等2.引导状语从句的连词:when,while,as,before,after,since,till/until,whenever,assoonas;where,wherever;because,as,since;sothat,inorderthat;incase,forfearthat等3.引导名词性从句的连词:that,whether,if,who(m),whose,which,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等4.引导定语从句的连词:who,whom,that,which,when,where,why,as,whose等2.Immigrants[34]_____otherpoorpeoplecametohersettlementhouseforadviceandhelpaswellasforfun.

(10惠州一模)and1.…allIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl,whosesmilejustmeltedme[36]____almostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.(08深圳一模)and3.Thismadethegoatsojealous[34]______itbeganplottingagainst(谋划对付)thedonkey.(07惠州二模)that

4.Ikeptthinkingof[21]_____Vernonwouldsaywhenhecameback.Iwasjustgoingtogiveup[22]______Inoticedthatonebedroomwindowwasslightlyopen.

(12汕头监测)

whatwhen5.[20]__________________theysupportedthetraveller,theyalsoagreedthatthewindwasblowingfromtheshoptotheplace[21]_______hehadeaten,carryingthesmellofthefriedfishtohim...Sheinsistedthat[23]_________________

themanhadenjoyedherfishsmell,heshouldpay25cents.(12广州调研)

Though/Althoughwheresince/because/as6.Afewyearsagothebeliefbecamegeneral[20]_____orangejuiceandmilkshouldneverbedrunkatthesametime.(12深圳期末考试)that7.Atlasttheytriedtofillintheplane[23]withcarbon-dioxide,[24]______poisonedalltheeightyratsbythepoisonousgas.(11惠州一模)which首先判断要填的动词在句中作谓语还是作非谓语。1.假设句中没有谓语，或虽已有谓语，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；假设是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致。一、给出动词的题ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,[40]_______(close)mybookandwalkedaway.(08年广一模)closed2.假设句中已有谓语、又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词：-ing、-ed或不定式。(1)作主语或宾语，通常表示具体情况用不定式，表示习惯或一般情况用-ing。MissBeanexpectedmetohavemyownopinionaboutdifficultquestionsandtaughtmethat[21]________(think)foroneselfwastherealkeytosuccessinlearning.(12深圳阶段测试)thinking(2)作目的状语、结果状语和形容词后的状语，用不定式。

WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________(buy)presentsformydad.(10全国卷I)tobuy

Georgereturnedafterthewar,only________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.(2012山东卷)tobetold(3)作定语、状语、或补语，与逻辑主语是主动关系、表动作正在进行，用-ing；是被动关系、表动作已完成，用done;表动作发生在将来用不定式。

_____________(approach)thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.

(10上海卷)Approaching3.有时给出的动词既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。…therewasalotofinformationaboutthecity’swell-knowntourist[34]__________(attract)…(08年广一模)attractions二、给知名词、副词、形容词的题：1.词类转换:〔1〕作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词。Previousresearchhasindicatedthat"numbersense"is[18]_____(base)tohumans.〔12六校第四次联考〕basic〔2〕作主语或宾语，用名词。[36]________(lazy),lying,stealingandsoonarealleasily-formedbadhabits.(10惠州三模)Laziness〔3〕在冠词、形容词性物主代词后，或“冠词+形容词”后，用名词。HestudiedpianowiththegreatmastersofEuropeandachievedhugesuccessasa[17]________(music)andcomposerinhisearlyyears.(11广州调研)musician〔4〕修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词。Whenapersondoesacertainthingagain,heisdrivenbyanunseenforcetodothesamething[32]___________(repeat);thenahabitisformed.(10惠州三模)repeatedly2.给出形容词或副词的题，如果词性不变、词义也不变，可能是考查其比较等级。ThenIheardpianomusicandsingingrisingabovethenoiseofthepeopleandthetraffic.Iwalkedmuch[17]______(slow)soIcouldfindoutwhereitwascoming[18]from.(12茂名二模)slower3.给出形容词或副词的题，如果词性不用变、词义相反，在词根前、后表否认或反义的前、后缀un-，im-，-less等。Onceahabitisformed,itisdifficult,andsometimes[32]__________(possible),togetridof.Itisthereforeveryimportantthatwepaygreatattentiontotheformationofhabits.(10惠州三模)impossible

2.WhenIexplainedthatmybaseballhadflewthroughMrsHolt'swindow,[33]_________(break)theglass,Steveencouragedmetoadmittoher.Afterall,Ishould[34]____________(play)intheparkandnotinthepath.(07年肇庆二模)haveplayed3.…butitisnotenoughonly[35]_____________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.(09佛山一模)6.SevernldaysearlierMrCarlsson,whoistheownerofafishshop,waspreparingafreshloadoffish[36]________________(sell)athisshop.(07广州调研)tomemorizebreakingtosell/tobesold-ing做结果状语，且在作文中常用8.IlookedattheprouddirtyfacethatIhadgivenattentiontosorarely,withtears[25]______(fill)myeyes.〔11惠州二模〕filling10.Hehadwitnessedtoomany[19]_______(die)andwoundsattheBattleofSolferinoinItalyfouryears[20]_______(early),inwhich40,000peoplewerekilled,woundedormissing.〔12佛山二模〕deathsearlier1.Buttheleadersdidnotannounceany[32]________(detail)planforGreeceaftermeetingThursdayinBrussels.〔10广二模〕4.BeforethetripIthoughtwewererichbuttodayIlearntwhois[39]_____(true)rich.(09广一模)detailedtruly6.WorriesoverGreekdebthavepushedtheeurotoits[36]______(low)valueinmonthsagainstthedollar.(10广二模)7.Withthistheboygotupandwalkedaway,leavinghisfathersittingontheircomfortablesofa,totally[40]__________(speech).(09广二模)8.[18]______________(fortunate),IforgotallaboutthebirdsuntilthenightbeforeVernonwasgoingtoreturn.(12汕头监测)lowestspeechlessUnfortunately1.[16]___tellsthestoryofmenandwomenwho,inthecourseofthemajoreventsofthelast150years,havegivenassistance[17]____victimsofwarsandnaturaldisasters.

(12佛山二模)Itto3.Unlike[23]_____previousstudiesproved,thisoneshowsthatthelink

[24]________numbersenseandmathsabilityisalreadypresentbeforethebeginningofformalmathsinstruction.(12六校联考)whatbetween2.Thatwastheonlywaytheycouldpromote[24]___________andberecognized.

(11湛江一模)themselves6.Theyaimedtoshownotonlygood[24]

performance(s)(perform)duringthesevendays[25]____theirimageofself-improvingandhigh-levelsportmoral.(11佛山一模)but4.Peoplewith[21]varieties

(vary)oftalentscanberecognizedthroughtheInternet.[22]__________________,theInternetis[23]____opportunitytoputforwardone’stalents,creativity,andpowersinordertobenoticed.(12湛江一模)Thus/Therefore/Soan5.ListentothesewordsfromDarwinP.Kingsley:“Youhavepowersyouneverdreamedof.Youcandothingsyouneverthoughtyou[39]______do.”(10茂名二模)could

7.Sheaskedmeforahug,butIdidnotknowwhat[20]____word“hug”meant.So,Ijustlookedather[21]_____

aquestioningexpressiononmyface.Butshedidn’tgiveup.Shecalledmyfatherintotheroomandaskedhimtoexplaintomewhatshemeant.WhenhedidIlookedatmynewstep-momandwondered[22]____shewantedtohugme.Shethentoldmeitwasbecauseshelovedmeandyouhugpeoplewhenyoulove[23]______.SosheopenedherarmswideandtimidlyIopened

[24]______andwehugged.(12茂名一模)themminethewithwhy8.Hic!You'vejusthiccupped(打嗝)forthetenthtimesinceyoufinisheddinner.Wonder[16]______thesefunnynoisesarecomingfrom?Thepart[17]toblame

(blame)isyourdiaphragm,themuscle〔肌肉〕atthebottomofyourchest.Allhiccupsstarthere.

Thediaphragmalmostalways[18]works

(work)perfectly---itpullsdownwhenyoubreatheintohelppullairintothelungs[19]_______itmovesupwhenyoubreatheouttohelppushairoutofthelungs....Whenthisirregularbreathhitsyourvoicebox,you'releftwithabighiccup.Things[23]___________

botherthediaphragmincludeeatingtooquicklyortoomuch,stomachachesorfeelingnervous.Ifyouwanttoknow[23]____

togetridofhiccups,herearesome"cures".(11广二模)whereand/orthat/whichhow(2012惠州二模)

RecentlyIfailedanexam．However,[16]when/afterIcameoutofmyteacher'soffice,Itoldmyself:"Smile!It'snotsoserious."

Ismiledabigsmileand[17]itworkedalittle,really．

Everyonegets[18]__________(frustrate)sometimes．IusedtobealwaysinfluencedbypressureandIwasofteninlowspirits．ButonedayIcame[19]acrossasentenceintheBible:“Donotbeanxiousabouttomorrow,fortomorrowwillheanxiousforitself．Lettheday'sowntroublebesufficientfortheday．"Itsuddenlystruckme:形容词frustrated"[20]________________(worry)aboutaproblemdoesn'thelp．Whynotjustgiveabigsmileandfaceup[21]tothetrouble?"NoweverytimeIwanttocry,Iremindmyselfthat[22]_____________〔laugh〕isbetterthantearsandanger．I[23]__________________(convince)thatthere'ssomethingmagicalaboutasmile．Asmilehelpsmerecoverconfidenceandgivesme[24]thecouragetomoveon．Remember,wheneveryou'refacedwithasetback,wheneveryou'vebeentreatedunfairly,allittakesisdeterminationandyoucanfeelhappyagain．Smileatlife,[25]anditwillshineonyou．名词laughter非谓语Worrying谓语amconvinced我们的错题集

1.I[77]______________(impress)byitsgarden-likecampus,itsenthusiasticstudentsandespeciallyitslearningatmosphere.Ioncefellinlovewithit.(12执信月考)wasimpressedtofind4.Wewereastonished________(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(10辽宁卷)5.Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if________(carry)outregularly,canimproveourhealth.(10浙江卷)7._______(seat)inyourhome,youarecapableoffindingalotofsources.(11湛江一模)9.Hewastoordersomeflowers[16]__________(send)tohismotherwholivedtwohundredmilesaway.Whenhegotoutofhiscarhenoticedayounggirlsittingontheroadside[17]_______(cry).〔12六校第三次联考〕carriedSeatedtobesentcrying2."Thankyou.Ihavebeengoingthrougharoughtimelately,butyou'vemademe[25]________(hope)again."〔12茂名二模〕3.Themantookherto[19]______(safe)，helpedhergetassistanceandputherintoataxicab.(12广东冲刺卷八)5.Thensheheldupherhandtothedoctor,"Don'tcomeany[25]______(close)tous."(12揭阳水平考试)saftycloserhopeful11.The[23]___________(educate)person，ontheotherhand，iseitherunabletodosomethingnew，orjust[24]does

(do)itbadly.(12汕头测评)uneducated8.ThegreatcityofVeniceisfamoustodayasapopulartouristdestinationandisrecognizedasoneoftheworld’smostbeautifulcit