经济学英语知识点归纳

经济学英语知识点归纳

经济学是研究如何合理利用资源以满足人们需求的一门社会科学。在学习经济学时，掌握经济学英语知识点是很重要的。下面将详细介绍一些常见的经济学英语知识点。

1.Microeconomics（微观经济学）:Microeconomicsstudiesthebehaviorofindividualconsumersandfirmsinmakingdecisionsontheallocationoflimitedresources.

2.Macroeconomics（宏观经济学）:Macroeconomicsisthebranchofeconomicsthatdealswiththeperformance,structure,behavior,anddecision-makingofaneconomyasawhole.

3.SupplyandDemand（供求关系）:Supplyreferstothequantityofagoodorservicethatproducersarewillingtoofferatagivenprice,whiledemandreferstothequantityofagoodorservicethatconsumersarewillingtobuyatagivenprice.Theinteractionbetweensupplyanddemanddeterminestheequilibriumpriceandquantityinamarket.

4.Elasticity（弹性）:Elasticitymeasurestheresponsivenessofquantitydemandedorsuppliedtochangesinpriceorincome.Priceelasticityofdemandmeasuresthepercentagechangeinquantitydemandedduetoa1%changeinprice,whilepriceelasticityofsupplymeasuresthepercentagechangeinquantitysuppliedduetoa1%changeinprice.

5.MarketStructure（市场结构）:Marketstructurereferstothecharacteristicsofamarket,suchasthenumberoffirms,barrierstoentry,anddegreeofproductdifferentiation.Commonmarketstructuresincludeperfectcompetition,monopoly,monopolisticcompetition,andoligopoly.

6.GDP(GrossDomesticProduct)（国内生产总值）:GDPisthetotalvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountry'sbordersinagivenperiodoftime.Itiscommonlyusedasanindicatorofeconomicperformance.

7.Inflation（通货膨胀）:Inflationreferstoasustainedincreaseinthegeneralpricelevelofgoodsandservicesoveraperiodoftime.Itreducesthepurchasingpowerofmoneyandcanhavenegativeeffectsonaneconomy.

8.Unemployment（失业）:Unemploymentreferstothestateofbeingwithoutajob.Itisanimportanteconomicindicatorandcanhavesignificantsocialandeconomicconsequences.

9.FiscalPolicy（财政政策）:Fiscalpolicyreferstotheuseofgovernmentspendingandtaxationtoinfluencetheeconomy.Itisoftenusedtostabilizetheeconomyandpromoteeconomicgrowth.

10.MonetaryPolicy（货币政策）:Monetarypolicyreferstotheactionstakenbyacentralbanktocontrolthemoneysupplyandinterestratesinordertoinfluencetheeconomy.Itisoftenusedtocontrolinflationandpromoteeconomicstability.

11.ComparativeAdvantage（比较优势）:Comparativeadvantagereferstotheabilityofacountry,individual,orfirmtoproduceagoodorserviceataloweropportunitycostthanothers.Itisthebasisforinternationaltrade.

12.ExchangeRate（汇率）:Theexchangerateistherateatwhichonecurrencycanbeexchangedforanother.Itisdeterminedbysupplyanddemandintheforeignexchangemarketandcanhaveasignificantimpactoninternationaltradeandinvestment.

13.TradeBalance（贸易平衡）:Tradebalancereferstothedifferencebetweenacountry'sexportsandimports.Apositivetradebalance,ortradesurplus,occurswhenexportsexceedimports,whileanegativetradebalance,ortradedeficit,occurswhenimportsexceedexports.

14.MarketFailure（市场失灵）:Marketfailureoccurswhentheallocationofresourcesbyafreemarketisinefficientandleadstoasuboptimaloutcome.Commoncausesofmarketfailureincludeexternalities,publicgoods,andimperfectcompetition.

15.GameTheory（博弈论）:Gametheoryisabranchofeconomicsthatstudiesthestrategicinteractionsbetweenindividualsorfirmsinsituationswheretheoutcomeof