高中化学常用化学公式

高中化学常用化学公式（Commonchemicalformulasinhighschoolchemistry）Commonchemicalformulaeinhighschoolchemistry.TxtCommonchemicalformulaeinhighschoolchemistry1,oxidation:F2+H2=2HFF2+Xe(excess)===XeF22F2(excess)+Xe===XeF4NF2+2M===2MFn(representingmostmetals)2F2+2H2O===4HF+O22F2+2NaOH===2NaF+OF2+H2OF2+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2F2+2NaBr===2NaF+Br2F2+2NaI===2NaF+I2F2,+Cl2(equalvolume)===2ClF3F2(excess)+Cl2===2ClF37F2(excess)+I2===2IF7Cl2+H2===2HCl3Cl2+2P===2PCl3Cl2+PCl3===PCl5Cl2+2Na===2NaCl3Cl2+2Fe===2FeCl3Cl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3Cl2+Cu===CuCl22Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2Cl2+2NaI===2NaCl+I25Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HClCl2+Na2S===2NaCl+SCl2+H2S===2HCl+SCl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HClCl2+H2O2===2HCl+O22O2+3Fe===Fe3O4O2+K===KO2S+H2===H2S2S+C===CS2S+Fe===FeSS+2Cu===Cu2S3S+2Al===Al2S3S+Zn===ZnSN2+3H2===2NH3N2+3Mg===Mg3N2N2+3Ca===Ca3N2N2+3Ba===Ba3N2N2+6Na===2Na3NN2+6K===2K3NN2+6Rb===2Rb3NP2+6H2===4PH3P+3Na===Na3P2P+3Zn===Zn3P22.reducibilityS+O2===SO2S+O2===SO2S+6HNO3(thick)===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O3S+4HNO3(dilute)===3SO2+4NO+2H2ON2+O2===2NO4P+5O2===P4O10(oftenwrittenasP2O5)2P+3X2===2PX3(XstandsforF2,Cl2,Br2)PX3+X2===PX5P4+20HNO3(thick)===4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2OC+2F2===CF4C+2Cl2===CCl42C+O2(asmallamount)===2COC+O2(adequate)===CO2C+CO2===2COC+H2O===CO+H2(generatingwatergas)2C+SiO2===Si+2CO(madefromcrudesilicon)Si(coarse)+2Cl===SiCl4(SiCl4+2H2===Si(pure)+4HCl)Si(powder)+O2===SiO2Si+C===SiC(emery)Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H23,(base)disproportionationCl2+H2O===HCl+HClO(acidinhibition,disproportionation,additionofalkaliorilluminationtopromotedisproportionation)Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2===CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O3Cl2+6KOH(hot,thick)===5KCl+KClO3+3H2O3S+6NaOH===2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O4P+3KOH(thick)+3H2O===PH3+3KH2PO211P+15CuSO4+24H2O===5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO43C+CaO===CaC2+CO3C+SiO2===SiC+2COTwo,thereductionofmetallicelements(Na,Mg,Al,Fe)2Na+H2===2NaH4Na+O2===2Na2O2Na2O+O2===2Na2O22Na+O2===Na2O22Na+S===Na2S(explosion)2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H22Na+2NH3===2NaNH2+H24Na+TiCl4(molten)===4NaCl+Ti镁+Cl2===MgCl2镁+Br2===MgBr22mg加O2===2mgo镁+===毫克镁+2H2O===Mg（OH）2+H22mg加TiCl4（熔融）===钛+2mgcl2镁+2rbcl===MgCl2+2rb2mg加CO2===2mgo+C2mg加SiO2===2mgo+Si镁+H2S===毫克+H2镁+硫酸===硫酸镁+H2除2A1+3Cl2===特点4al+3O2===2Al2O3（钝化）4al（HG）+3O2+2xh2o===2（Al2O3部分）+4hg4al+3mno2===2Al2O3+300万除2A1+Cr2O3===Al2O3+2CR除2A1+Fe2O3===Al2O3+2fe除2A1+3feo===Al2O3+3FE除2A1+6hcl===特点+3H2除2A1+3h2so4===Al2（SO4）3+3H2除2A1+6h2so4（浓）===Al2（SO4）3+3so2+6H2O（Al，Fe在冷，浓的H2SO4、HNO3中钝化）铝+4hno（稀）===Al（NO3）3+不+2H2O除2A1+2naoh+2H2O===2naalo2+3H22fe+3br2===2febr3铁+I2===2铁离子3fe+H2O（g）===Fe3O4+4H2铁+2hcl===FeCl2+H2铁+CuCl2===FeCl2+铜铁+===SnCl4氯化亚铁+氯化亚锡（铁在酸性环境下，不能把四氯化锡完全还原为单质锡Fe+氯化亚锡==FeCl2+SN）三，非金属氢化物（HF、HCl、H2O、H2S、NH3）1、还原性：4hcl（浓）+MnO2===MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O4hcl（G）+O2===2+2H2O16hcl+2kmno4===2kcl+2mncl2+5cl2+H2O14hcl+重铬酸钾===2kcl+2crcl3+3Cl2+7H2O2H2O+2F2===4hf+O22h2s+3O2（足量）===2SO2+2H2O2h2s+O2（少量）===S+2H2O2h2s+SO2===3S+2H2OH2S+H2SO4（浓）===S+SO2+2H2O3h2s+2hno（稀）===3S+2NO+H2O5h2s+2kmno4+3h2so4===2mnso4+硫酸钾+5S+H2O3h2s++===4h2so4K2Cr2O7Cr2（SO4）3+硫酸钾+3S+7H2O4na2o2+H2S+2H2O===Na2SO4+6naoh2nh3+3cuo===3cu+N2+3H2O2nh3+3Cl2===N2+6hcl8nh3+3Cl2===N2+6nh4cl4NH+3O2（纯氧）===2N2+6H2O4NH+5O2===4no+6H2O+===6no4NH5N2+6ho（用氨清除没有）水蒸气4nah+===钛TiCl4+2H2+4naclCaH2+2H2O===Ca（OH）2+2H22、酸性：4hf+SiO2===SiF4+2H2O（此反应广泛应用于测定矿样或钢样中SiO2的含量）2hf+===2hclCaF2+氯化钙硫化氢+铁H2S+CuCl2===因为+2hclH2S+2agno3===Ag2S+2hno3H2S+===HgS+2hcl氯化汞H2S+Pb（NO3）2===+2hno3PBSH2S+氯化亚铁===2nh3+2NA==2nanh2+H2（NaNH2+H2O===氢氧化钠+NH3）3、碱性：NH3+HCl===氯化铵NH3+硝酸===硝酸铵2nh3+H2SO4===（NH4）2SO4NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2===碳酸氢钠+氯化铵（此反应用于工业制备小苏打，苏打）4、不稳定性：2hf===H2+F22hcl===H2+Cl22H2O,2h2+,O2===========2h2o2,2H2O+,O2================H2+H2S=====N2+3h22nh3Four,non-metallicoxidesReducibilityoflow-pricedstates:2so2+O2=====2so32so2+O2+2H2O=====2h2so4(thisistheslowenvironmentalchemicalreactionofSO2occurringintheatmosphere.)SO2,Cl2,2H2O====+++2HCl,H2SO4SO2,Br2,2H2O====+++2hbr,H2SO4SO2,I2,2H2O====+++2hi,H2SO4=====SO3,SO2++noNo22No+O2=====2no2NO2+NO+2naoh,2nano2==========(usedinthenitricacidindustrytoabsorbnoandNO2inexhaustgases)2CO+O2=====2co2=====CuO+chicken+carbondioxide=====2Fe,3Co+Fe2O3+3co2Contraction+carbondioxide+H2,H2O=========Oxidation:=====3S,SO2+2h2s+2H2O=====K2SO3,SO3+2Ki+I22Ki,NO2++,H2O====NO++2koh,I2(nobrominevaporandNO2canbeidentifiedwithstarchkisolution)=====4NO,4no2,H2S++H2O+SO3=====4cuo2no2+chicken+N2=====2MgO,2mg+CO2+C(threeCO2cannotbeusedtoextinguishburningfiressuchasMg,CA,K,etc.)=====2h2=SiO2+Si+2H2O=====2MgO,SiO2+2mg+Si3,withtheroleofwater:SO2+H2O=====H2SO3SO3+H2O=====H2SO43no2+H2O=====2hno3+NON2O5+H2O=====2hno3P2O5+H2O=====2hpo3=====2h3po4+3H2OP2O5(P2O5ishighlyabsorbentandcanbeusedasagasdryingagentP2O5+3h2so4(thick)====2h3po4+3so3)Carbondioxide+H2O=====H2CO34,withtheroleofalkalinesubstances:2nh3,SO2++,H2O====NH4(2so3)SO2,2so3+,H2O+(NH4)=====2nh4hso3(thisisthereactionofthesulphuricacidplanttotherecoveryofSO2.FirstabsorbSO2withammoniawater,AndthenH2SO4processing:2nh4hso3,H2SO4====+(++2so2,2H2O,2SO4,NH4)TheresultingammoniumsulfateisusedasfertilizerandtheSO2isrecycledasfeedstockgasSO2+CA(OH)2====CaSO3+H2O(donotdistinguishbetweenclearlimeandwater,SO2andco2.canbeidentifiedwithfuchsin.)=====MgSO4+MgOSO3SO3+CA(OH)2====CaSO4+H2OCarbondioxide+2naoh(excess)====Na2CO3+H2OCarbondioxide(excess)=====NaOH=NaHCO3Carbondioxide+CA(OH)2(excessCaCO3+H2O======)2co2(excess)+CA(OH)2====HCO3(2cases)2naalo2+carbondioxide+3H2O====3+Na2CO32Al(OH)C6h5ona+carbondioxide+H2O=====C6H5OH+NaHCO3=====CaSiO3,SiO2+highSiO2+2naohNa2SiO3+H2O=================(alkalinesolutionslowlycorrosiveglassatnormaltemperature)=====Na2SiO3,SiO2+Na2CO3+=====CaSiO3,SiO2+CaCO3+Five,metaloxide1,thelowcostofreduction:6feo+O2=====2fe3o4=====4hno3+Fe(NO3)+3+NO22H2O=FeO2,oxidation:=====2na2o+2NaNa2O2(thisreactionisusedtoprepareNa2O)MgO,Al2O3,ishardlyoxidizingandcanhardlybereducedtoMg,Al.MgandAlareusuallymadebyelectrolysis.=====2Fe,Fe2O3++3H2O(reducedironpowder)3h2=====3Fe,Fe3O4+4h2+4H2O3,withtheroleofwater:Na2O+H2O=====2naoh=====4naoh,2na2o2+2H2O+O2(thisreactionisdividedintotwosteps:Na2O2==++2H2O,2naoh,h2o2;=====2h2o2+O22H2O.ThepreparationofH2O2usesasimilarreaction:BaO2+H2SO4(dilute)===BaSO4+H2O2MgO+H2O===Mg(OH)2(slowresponse)4,withtheroleofacidicsubstances:Na2O+SO3===Na2SO4Na2O+CO2===Na2CO3Na2O+2HCl===2NaCl+H2O2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2Na2O2+H2SO4(cold,thin)===Na2SO4+H2O2MgO+SO3===MgSO4MgO+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2OAl2O3+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2O(Al2O3isanamphotericoxide:Al2O3+2NaOH===2NaAlO2+H2O)FeO+2HCl===FeCl2+3H2OFe2O3+6HCl===2FeCl3+3H2OFe2O3+3H2S(g)===Fe2S3+3H2OFe3O4+8HCl===FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2OSix,oxygenacid1,oxidation:4HClO3+3H2S===3H2SO4+4HClHClO3+HI===HIO3+HCl3HClO+HI===HIO3+3HClHClO+H2SO3===H2SO4+HClHClO+H2O2===HCl+H2O+O2(oxidation:HClO>HClO2>HClO3>HClO4,Butthestrong,hotHClO4isveryoxidizing2H2SO4(thick)+C===CO2+2SO2+2H2O2H2SO4(thick)+S===3SO2+2H2OH2SO4+Fe(Al)passivationatroomtemperature6H2SO4(concentrated)+2Fe===Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O2H2SO4(thick)+Cu===CuSO4+SO2+2H2OH2SO4(thick)+2HBr===SO2+Br2+2H2OH2SO4(thick)+2HI===SO2+I2+2H2OH2SO4(dilute)+Fe===FeSO4+H22H2SO3+2H2S===3S+2H2O4HNO3(thick)+C===CO2+4NO2+2H2O6HNO3(thick)+S===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O5HNO3(thick)+P===H3PO4+5NO2+H2O6HNO3+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+3NO2+3H2O4HNO3+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+NO+2H2O30HNO3+8Fe===8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O+15H2O36HNO3+10Fe===10Fe(NO3)3+3N2+18H2O30HNO3+8Fe===8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2O2,reducibility:H2SO3+X2+H2O===H2SO4+2HX(XstandsforCl2,Br2,I2)2H2SO3+O2===2H2SO4H2SO3+H2O2===H2SO4+H2O5H2SO3+2KMnO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2SO4+3H2OH2SO3+2FeCl3+H2O===H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl3,acidic:H2SO4(thick)+CaF2===CaSO4+2HFH2SO4(thick)+NaCl===NaHSO4+HClH2SO4(thick)+2NaCl===Na2SO4+2HClH2SO4(thick)+NaNO3===NaHSO4+HNO33H2SO4(concentrated)+Ca3(PO4)2===3CaSO4+2H3PO42H2SO4(concentrated),+Ca3(PO4),2===2CaSO4+Ca(H2PO4)23HNO3+Ag3PO4===H3PO4+3AgNO32HNO3+CaCO3===Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2(H2S,HI,HBr,H2SO4(SO2)couldnotbepreparedwithHNO3andconcentratedpEquivalentreducinggas)4H3PO4+Ca3(PO4)2===3Ca(H2PO4)2(TSP)H3PO4(thick)+NaBr===NaH2PO4+HBrH3PO4(thick)+NaI===NaH2PO4+HI4,instability:2HClO===2HCl+O24HNO3===4NO2+O2+2H2OH2SO3===H2O+SO2H2CO3===H2O+CO2H4SiO4===H2SiO3+H2OSeven,alkaliReducibilityoflow-pricedstates:4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O===4Fe(OH)3Theactionofacids:2NaOH+SO2(asmallamount)===Na2SO3+H2ONaOH+SO2(adequate)===NaHSO32NaOH+SiO2===NaSiO3+H2O2NaOH+Al2O3===2NaAlO2+H2O2NaOH+Cl2===NaCl+NaClO+H2ONaOH+HCl===NaCl+H2ONaOH+H2S(adequate)===NaHS+H2O2NaOH+H2S(asmallamount)===Na2S+2H2O3NaOH+AlCl3===Al(OH)3+3NaClNaOH+Al(OH)3===NaAlO2+2H2O(AlCl3andAl(OH)3,whichacidisstronger?)NaOH+NH4Cl===NaCl+NH3+H2OMg(OH)2+2NH4Cl===MgCl2+2NH3.H2OAl(OH)3+NH4Cldoesnotdissolve3,instability:Mg(OH)2===MgO+H2O2Al(OH)3===Al2O3+3H2O2Fe(OH)3===Fe2O3+3H2OCu(OH)2===CuO+H2OEight,salt1,oxidation:2FeCl3+Fe===3FeCl22FeCl3+Cu===2FeCl2+CuCl2(usedinengravingcoppercircuitplates)2FeCl3+Zn===2FeCl2+ZnCl2FeCl3+Ag===FeCl2+AgCFe2(SO4)3+2Ag===FeSO4+Ag2SO4(hardertoreact)Fe(NO3)3+Agdoesnotrespond2FeCl3+H2S===2FeCl2+2HCl+S2FeCl3+2KI===2FeCl2+2KCl+I2FeCl2+Mg===Fe+MgCl22,reducibility:2FeCl2+Cl2===2FeCl33Na2S+8HNO3(dilute)===6NaNO3+2NO+3S+4H2O3Na2SO3+2HNO3(dilute)===3Na2SO4+2NO+H2O2Na2SO3+O2===2Na2SO43,withtheroleofalkalinesubstances:MgCl2+2NH3.H2O===Mg(OH)2+NH4ClAlCl3+3NH3.H2O===Al(OH)3+3NH4ClFeCl3+3NH3.H2O===Fe(OH)3+3NH4Cl4,withtheroleofacidicsubstances:Na3PO4+HCl===Na2HPO4+NaClNa2HPO4+HCl===NaH2PO4+NaClNaH2PO4+HCl===H3PO4+NaClNa2CO3+HCl===NaHCO3+NaClNaHCO3+HCl===NaCl+H2O+CO23Na2CO3+2AlCl3+3H2O===2Al(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O===2Fe(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl3NaHCO3+AlCl3===Al(OH)3+3CO23NaHCO3+FeCl3===Fe(OH)3+3CO23Na2S+Al2(SO4)3+6H2O===2Al(OH)3+3H2S3NaAlO2+AlCl3+6H2O===4Al(OH)35,instability:Na2S2O3+H2SO4===Na2SO4+S+SO2+H2ONH4Cl===NH3+HClNH4HCO3===NH3+H2O+CO22KNO3===2KNO2+O22Cu(NO3)3===2CuO+4NO2+O22KMnO4===K2MnO4+MnO2+O22KClO3===2KCl+3O22NaHCO3===Na2CO3+H2O+CO2Ca(HCO3)2===CaCO3+H2O+CO2CaCO3===CaO+CO2MgCO3===MgO+CO2Answer:TeddyBear0306-Magicianfive,2-2212:41Topic1:importantchemicalreactionsPart1nonmetallicelementsHalogenThehydrogenandchlorineasconditionsinthelightorlightreaction:H2Cl22HClThecopperinchlorine:CuCl22CuCl2Principle3chlorinebleachingandsterilizationCl2+H2O=HClO+HCl(Cl2+H2O=HClO+H+Cl)Theindustrialproductionofbleachingpowder(withlimemilk):2Ca(OH)2+2C12=CaCl2+Ca(C1O)2+2H2O(Ca(OH)2+C12=Ca2++Cl+C1O+H2O)Theprincipleofchlorineexhaustabsorption(NaOHsolution)2NaOH+Cl2=NaC1+NaClO+H2O(2OH+Cl2=C1+ClO+H2O)ThestarchiodidepapertestchlorineCl22KI=2KCl+I2(Cl22I=2Cl+I2)Thelaboratoryofchlorine:MnO2+4HClMnCl2+2H2O+Cl2=(MnO2+4H++2Cl-=Mn2++2H2O+Cl2)Thetestofchlorine,bromineandiodineionsAg+C1=AgCl:(white);Ag+Br=AgBrcase(yellow)Ag+I=AgI:(yellow)(threekindsofprecipitationarenotsolubleindilutenitricacid)Thebleachbleachprinciple:Ca(ClO)2+CO2H2O=CaCO3:2HClO(Ca22ClO+CO2H2O=CaCO3:2HClO)Asafilmprinciple:2AgBr2AgBr2Theproofofhalogenelemental(C12-I2)andchemicalpropertiesofsuccessivevariationequation:H2+Cl22HCl,H2+Br22HBr,H2+I22HIOr:Cl2+2Br=2Cl+Br2,Cl2+2I=2Cl+I2,Br2+2I=2Br+I2Two,oxygenfamilyelementsTheelementalsulfurisoxidationandreductionH2SH2S,FeSFeS,SO2SO2Thewritecanshowthreedifferentreactionequationofnon-metallicchlorinesulfurthanstrong:Thedifferentconditions:H2S,H2STheFeandCuvalencemetalreaction,valencestateofmetalelementsofdifferentproducts:2Fe+3Cl22FeCl3;FeSFeSItcanreact:Cl2+S2=2Cl+Sdown;Decomposition:2H2O22H2O+O2=3hydrogenperoxideThereactionofsulfurdioxideandoxygen:2SO2+O22SO3(industrialsulfuricacid,catalystfive,twovanadium,V2O5)Thesulfurdioxideandwateraftermixing,lossofbleaching:SO2+O2+2H2O=2HCl+H2SO4(SO2+O2+2H2O=4H+2Cl+SO42)ThesulfurdioxidelimewaterarerespectivelyinsertedintoasmallenoughandAsmallamountofCa(OH)2+SO2=CaSO3(+H2O:Ca2+2OH+SO2=CaSO3:+H2O)Enough:Ca(OH)2+2SO2=Ca(HSO3)2(OH+SO2=HSO3)Theformationofsulfurdioxideintheformofacidrain:H2O+SO2=H2SO3;2H2SO3+O2=2H2SO4(2H2SO3+O2=4H+2SO42).The2SO2+O22SO3(catalystisPiaochen)SO3+H2O=H2SO4(SO3+H2O=2H+SO42)ThesmallvaluecausesacidrainintheairpH:2H2SO3+O2=2H2SO4(2H2SO3+O2=4H+2SO42)Aswithequation,strongoxidizingacidconcentratedsulfuricacidAcidity:canusealkali,alkalineoxide,carbonateandsoonOH+H=H2O;CuO2H=Cu2+H2O;CO322H==H2OCO2Strongoxidizing:Cu2H2SO4(sulfuricacid)CuSO4SO2=+2H2OC2H2SO4(sulfuricacid)=+2H2OCO2=SO2TheinspectionandsulfateionBa2++SO42-:=BaSO4(whiteprecipitate,insolubleinwateranddilutenitricacid)ThevalueofthevariablecausessmallsodiumsulfitesolutioninairpHSO32+H2OOH+HSO3;2SO32+O2=SO42-(Na2SO4doesnothydrolyze,thesolutiongraduallybecomesneutral)Nowthewaterinthereactionisoxidant2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2(2Na+2H2O===2Na+2OH+H2)ThewaterreducingagentinthereactionisF2+2H2O=4HF+O2(hydrofluoricacidisweakacidandcanbeusedtoengraveglass)Thewaterintheoxidation-reductionreactionsasoxidantandreducingagent2H2O=+O2=2H2(hydrogenindustry)Thewaterintheoxidation-reductionreactionsnotoxidizingandreducingagentsCl22H2O=HClOHCl(Cl2+H2O=HClO+H+Cl)Three,pnictogensTheprincipleof"Thunderstormprimarycrops"N2+O22NO;2NO+O2=2NO2;3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NOThereactionequationisalsothemainprocessofnitricacidrainandphotochemicalsmogcausedbyautomobileexhaust.Theprincipleofsyntheticammonia:N23H2(2NH3catalystisaplatinumrhodiumalloy)3inammoniasolutionwasredphenolphthalein:NH3+H2ONH3?H2ONH4++OHTheammoniaandHCltoproducewhitesmoke:NH3+HCl=NH4ClThethermaldecompositionofammoniumhydrogencarbonate:NH4HCO3=NH3+H2O+==CO2Thelaboratoryforammonia:2NH4ClCa(OH)2CaCl22NH3hav'e2H2OButalongsetofconcentratednitricacidyellow:4NO2=O2=4HNO3++2H2OStrongoxidationoftheconcentratedanddilutenitricacid.Cu4HNO3(concentrated)Cu(NO3)22NO2hav'e2H2O3Cu8HNO3(dilute)3Cu(NO3)22NOhav'e4H2OFour,carbonfamilyelementsTwomethods:thecarbonmonoxideproduced2CO22CO;CO2C2COThelimewaterpourintothesmallandplentyofcarbondioxideAsmallamountofCO2:Ca(OH)2+CO2=CaCO3:H2O(Ca22OH+CO2=CaCO3:H2O)AsufficientamountofCO2:Ca(OH)2+2CO2=Ca(HCO3)2(OHCO2=HCO3)Twokindsofmethodstoproducecarbondioxide,limestoneCaCO3CaO+CO2=CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2=(CaCO3+2H+=Ca2++H2O+CO2=)Thesiliconburning:Si+O2SiO2Themethodofindustrialproductionofthicksilica:2C+Si+CO=SiO2Thereagentbottlecannotbethereasonforalkaliglassstopper2NaOH+SiO2=Na2SiO3+H2O(2OH+SiO2=SiO32+H2O)WhydidthewaterglasssolutionforlongtimewillbecloudyNa2SiO3H2OCO2=H2SiO3:Na2CO3(SiO32H2OCO2=H2SiO3:CO32)TheprincipleoftheindustrialproductionofglassCaCO3SiO2CaSiO3CO2hav'eNa2CO3SiO2Na2SiO3CO2hav'eThesecondpart,metalelementsAlkalimetalThereactionatroomtemperatureandheatingundersodiumandoxygen4NaO2=2Na2O;Na2O22NaO2Thesodiumandwaterreaction2na＋2h2o＝2naoh＋h2↑(2na＋2h2o＝2na＋＋2oh－＋h2↑)⒊钠与盐酸反应2na＋2hcl＝2nacl＋h2↑(2na＋2h＋＝2na＋＋h2↑)⒋钠与硫酸铜溶液反应2↓＋h2↑2na＋2h2o＋cuso4＝na2so4＋cu(oh)(2na＋2h2o＋cu2＋＝2na＋＋cu(oh)2↓＋h2↑)⒌过氧化钠与水反应2na2o2＋2h2o＝4naoh＋o2↑(2na2o2＋2h2o＝4na＋＋4oh－＋o2↑)2na2o2＋2co2＝2na2co3＋o2↑⒍过氧化钠与二氧化碳反应.⒎碳酸钠转化为碳酸氢钠na2co3＋h2o＋co2＝2nahco3(co32－＋h2o＋co2＝2hco3－)⒏碳酸氢钠转化为碳酸钠2nahco3na2co3＋h2o＋co2↑⒐碳酸钠与盐酸na2co3＋2hcl＝h2o＋co2↑(co32－＋2h＋＝h2o＋co2↑)⒑碳酸氢钠与盐酸nahco3＋hcl＝nacl＋h2o＋co2↑(hco3－＋h＋＝h2o+co2↑)⒒碳酸氢钠与氢氧化钠nahco3＋naoh＝h2o＋na2co3(hco3－＋oh－＝h2o＋co32－)⒓氢氧化钠中通入二氧化碳(少量和足量)少量co22naoh＋co2＝na2co3＋h2o(2oh－＋co2＝co32－＋h2o).足量co2naoh＋co2＝nahco3(oh－＋co2＝hco3－).二、铝⒈铝、氧化铝、氢氧化铝与盐酸反应6hcl＝2alcl3＋3h2↑2al+(2al+6h＋＝2al3＋＋3h2↑)al2o3＋6hcl＝2alcl3+3h2o(al2o3＋6h＋＝2al3+3h2o)al(oh)3＋3hcl＝alcl3+3h2o(al(oh)3+3+＝al3+3h2o)⒉铝、氧化铝、氢氧化铝与氢氧化钠溶液反应2naoh＝2naalo22al+2h2o++3h2↑(2al+2h2o+2oh－=2alo2－+3h2↑)al2o3＋2naoh＝2naalo2+h2o(al2o3＋2oh－＝2alo2－+h2o)al(oh)3+naoh＝naalo2+2h2o(al(oh)3+oh－＝alo2－+2h2o).⒊铝离子分别与少量和足量氢氧化钠溶液反应少量naoh溶液:al3＋+3oh－＝al3↓(oh)足量naoh溶液al3＋+4oh－＝alo2－+2h2o.⒋偏铝酸根离子分别与少量和足量盐酸反应少量盐酸3↓alo2－＋h＋＋h2o＝al(oh).足量盐酸alo2－＋4h＋＝al3＋+2h2o.⒌铝与二氧化锰发生铝热反应