2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练Unit4SpaceExploration新人教版必修第三册含答案

Unit4SpaceExploration一、阅读理解A[素材创新/]Duringspacemissions，astronautscanexperiencealossofsomeoftheinnerstructuralsupportintheirbones，reducingthedensity（密度）ofthem.Fortripsinspacelastingatleast6months，thebonelossisequaltoabout20yearsofaging.Fortunately，anewstudyfindsayearbackonearthrebuildsabouthalfofstrengthlostintheaffectedbones."Ourbonesarealwaysremodeling（重塑），"notesexercisescientistLeighGabel."Butthey’lllosesomeoftheirstrengthwheninspace."Gabelwaspartofateamthattracked17astronauts.Eachofthese14menand3womenhadspentfrom4to7monthsinspace.Theteammeasuredthe3-Dstructureoftheirbones.Theyfocusedonthestructureofthetibia（胫骨）inthelowerlegandthelower-armbone.Theresearcherstookimagesofthebones4times—beforespaceflight，thenwhentheastronautsreturnedfromspace，andagainsixmonthsandoneyearlater.Fromthepictures，theygottoknowanastronaut’sbonestrengthanddensityateachofthosetimes.Astronautsinspaceforlessthansixmonthsrecoveredtheirpreflightbonestrengthafterayearbackonearth.Butthosewhostayedinspacelongersufferedpermanentbonelossintheirtibias.Thatlosswasequaltoadecadeofaging.Thelower-armbonesshowedalmostnoloss.Thatwaslikelybecausethesearen’tweight-bearingbonesonearth，Gabelexplains.Infact，thosearmscangetabiggerworkoutinspacethanonearthasastronautsusethemtomovearoundtheircraftbypushingoffhandlesanddoorways."Increasingweight-liftingexercisesinspacecouldhelpreducebonelossinlegs，"saysexercisescientistStevenBoyd."Withlongerspaceflight，wecanexpectbiggerboneloss—andprobablyabiggerproblemwithrecovery，"saysphysiologistLaurenceVico."Spaceagenciesshouldalsoconsiderotherboneheathmeasurestoreducebonelossandincreaseboneformation."身处太空中的宇航员会出现骨质流失的情况，而且他们在太空中待的时间越长，这种情况会越严重。如果待的时间少于6个月的话，返回地球一年后，骨骼强度会恢复到进入太空前的状态；时间超过6个月的话，骨质流失将会是永久性的。1.Whatmaytheauthorthinkofthenewstudy’sdiscovery？A.Itshowsbonelossinspacecanbeignored.B.It’sreallybeyondtheresearchers’expectations.C.Itshowspeopleonearthdon’tsufferboneloss.D.It’sprobablygoodnewsforastronautsbackfromspace.解析D细节理解题。由第一段中的"Fortunately，anewstudyfindsayearbackonearthrebuildsabouthalfofstrengthlostintheaffectedbones"可知，研究的发现对于从太空归来的宇航员来说理应是好消息，故本题选D。2.WhatdoesPara.3mainlytalkabout？A.Thefocusoftheresearchers’study.B.HowGabel’steamcarriedouttheirresearch.C.Whytheresearcherstookpicturesfourtimes.D.Changesoftheastronauts’bonestrengthanddensity.解析B段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要讲述的是Gabel的团队如何开展他们的研究，故本题选B。3.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinPara.4probablymean？A.Regular. B.Limited.C.Everlasting. D.Typical.解析C词义猜测题。结合第四段中的"Astronautsinspaceforlessthansixmonthsrecoveredtheirpreflightbonestrengthafterayearbackonearth"、画线词所在句中的关键词But以及最后一段中的"Withlongerspaceflight，wecanexpectbiggerboneloss—andprobablyabiggerproblemwithrecovery"不难推知，permanent应该与recovered在意义上相对立，再结合四个选项可知，在太空中待的时间更长的宇航员的胫骨遭受的骨质流失应该是永久性的，故本题选C。4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayBoydagreewith？A.Aspaceflightlessthanhalfayeardoesnoharmtoastronauts.B.Astronautscanavoidbonelossthroughdoingenoughexercise.C.Spaceflightshouldbelimitedasmuchaspossibleforastronauts’safety.D.Usingsomeexercisedevicesforlegsmayhelptheastronautsinspace.解析D细节理解题。由倒数第二段中Boyd的话"Increasingweight-liftingexercisesinspacecouldhelpreducebonelossinlegs"可知，本题选D。B[科技创新/2024四川绵阳零诊]Nuclearbombs.That’sthego-toanswerforincomingspaceobjectslikeasteroids（小行星）andcometsasfarasHollywoodisconcerned.MovieslikeDeepImpactandArmageddonrelyonnuclearweapons，deliveredbystarslikeBruceWillis，tosavetheworldanddeliverthedrama.Butplanetarydefenseexpertssayinreality，ifastronomersspottedadangerousin-comingspacerock，thesafestandbestanswermightbesomethingmoresubtle，likesimplypushingitoffcoursebycrashingitwithasmallspacecraft.That’sjustwhatNASAdidonMondayevening，whenaspacecraftheadedstraightintoanasteroidcalledDimorphos，whichisaround7millionmilesawayandposesnothreattoEarth.It’sabout525feetacrossandorbitsanotherlargerasteroid.Inimagesstreamed（传输）asthecrashneared，theegg-shapedasteroidgrewinsizefromalittlespotonscreentohaveitsfullrockysurfacecomequicklyintofocusbeforethesignalwentdeadasthecrafthitrightontarget.Eventshappenedexactlyasengineershadplanned，theysaid，withnothinggoingwrong."Asfaraswecantell，ourfirstplanetarydefensetestwasasuccess，"saidElenaAdams，themissionsystemsengineer，whoaddedthatscientistslookedonwith"bothterrorandjoy"asthespacecraftneareditsfinaldestination.ThecrashwasthepeakofNASA’sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest（DART），a7-yearandmorethan$300millioneffortwhichlaunchedaspacevehicleinNovemberof2021toperformhumanity’sfirst-evertestofplanetarydefensetechnology.Itwillbeabouttwomonths，scientistssaid，beforetheywillbeabletodetermineifthecrashwasenoughtodrivetheasteroidslightlyoffcourse，probablyshorteningitsoriginalorbit.NASAplanstolaunchanasteroid-huntingspacetelescopenamedNEOSurveyorin2026."We’vetrackedlotsofspacerocks，especiallythelargeronesthatcouldcauseextinction-levelevents.Thankfully，nonecurrentlythreatensEarth.ButmanyasteroidsthesizeofDimorphoshaven’tyetbeendiscovered，andthosecouldpotentiallytakeoutacityiftheycamecrashingdown，"explainsLindleyJohnson，NASA’sPlanetaryDefenseOfficer.文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的行星防御专家实施行星防御测试，利用小型航天器撞击一块即将到来的危险太空岩石，使太空岩石偏离轨道的事情。1.Whydoestheauthormentionthemovies？A.Tomakeaprediction.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Toprovideapossibility.D.Tomakeacomparison.解析B推理判断题。由第一段中的"MovieslikeDeepImpactandArmageddonrelyonnuclearweapons，deliveredbystarslikeBruceWillis，tosavetheworldanddeliverthedrama"和第二段"Butplanetarydefenseexpertssayinreality，ifastronomersspottedadangerousin-comingspacerock，thesafestandbestanswermightbesomethingmoresubtle，likesimplypushingitoffcoursebycrashingitwithasmallspacecraft"可推知，作者提到电影是为了引出下文用小型航天器撞击危险的太空岩石，介绍文章的话题，故选B。2.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage？A.NASApushedDimorphosbycrashing.B.The7-yearprogramhasdrawnaconclusion.C.NEOSurveyorhastrackedlotsofspacerocks.D.Dimorphoscouldcauseextinction-levelevents.解析A推理判断题。由第二段"Butplanetarydefenseexpertssayinreality，ifastronomersspottedadangerousin-comingspacerock，thesafestandbestanswermightbesomethingmoresubtle，likesimplypushingitoffcoursebycrashingitwithasmallspacecraft"和第三段中的"That’sjustwhatNASAdidonMondayevening，whenaspacecraftheadedstraightintoanasteroidcalledDimorphos"可推知，本题选A。3.WhichstatementdoesLindleyJohnsonmostpossiblyagreewith？A.LargerasteroidswillnotbeathreattoEarth.B.NASAshouldshouldertheresponsibilityforthecrash.C.AsteroidslikeDimorphosaremoredestructivethanotherlargerones.D.NEOSurveyorisexpectedtodiscoverasteroidsthesizeofDimorphos.解析D推理判断题。由最后一段中的"NASAplanstolaunchanasteroid-huntingspacetelescopenamedNEOSurveyorin2026"和LindleyJohnson的话"ButmanyasteroidsthesizeofDimorphoshaven’tyetbeendiscovered，andthosecouldpotentiallytakeoutacityiftheycamecrashingdown"可推知，计划发射NEOSurveyor是为了发现像Dimorphos这样大小的小行星，从而帮助人类及时规避风险，LindleyJohnson作为美国国家航空航天局的行星防御官会同意这一观点，故选D。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？A.TheimpactofplanetarydefensetechnologyB.AthreattoEarthfromasteroidsC.ThecontributiontospacesafetyD.Anintentionalcrashinspace解析D标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的行星防御专家实施行星防御测试，利用小型航天器撞击一块即将到来的危险太空岩石，使太空岩石偏离轨道的事情。由此可知，D项最能概括文章大意，适合做文章标题。二、完形填空KatyaEchazarreta，26，madehistorywhenshebecamethefirstMexican-bornwomantotravelintospace."It’sbeenmylife’sgoaltogetintothespace1andreachspace，"shesaid.BorninMexico，KatyamovedwithherfamilytoSanDiegoat7.Atthatyoungage，sheaskedhermother，"Whatdoyouthinkisthemost2thingsomebodycando？"Hermother3，"Foryou，Ithinkmaybebeinga（n）4."Atthattime，Katya5tosomedaymeetthatchallengeandtraveltospace.Asachild，shewouldlookuptothestarsandbelieveshewouldsomedayreachthem.Sheworkedsohardinordertomakethatbig6cometrue.Whenherparents’marriagecametoanend，shehelped7heryoungerbrothersandsistersandstartedajobatMcDonald’s.Thoughshehadtoworklonghours，sheneverlostsightofherdream.Aftercollege，sheacceptedaninternship（实习）atNASA，achievingherfirst8ofworkinginthespaceindustry.Shedidagreatjobandwas9afull-timejoblater.In2019，Katyaheardofa10opportunityofferedbySpaceforHumanity.TheorganizationlookedforapplicationsforitsfirstCitizenAstronautprogram，whichwould11onepersontojoinasix-personspaceflightaspartofaJune2022mission.12，Katyawaschosenfromthousandsofpeople."Oneofthemost13thingsofthiswasgettingtotellmymom，"Katyashared.Shealwaysthinksitwashermother’s14thatkeptherworkinghardanddreamingbig."The15inspacewasabsolutelywonderful，"Katyaadded."AndIfinallyachievedmylifelongdream."本文为记叙文，主要讲述了KatyaEchazarreta实现飞向太空的梦想的故事。1.A.wish B.informationC.industry D.organization解析C投身太空行业（industry）和抵达太空一直是我的目标。2.A.official B.popularC.formal D.challenging解析D你认为一个人所能做的最有挑战的（challenging）事情是什么？challenging与第5空所在句中的meetthatchallenge相吻合。3.A.replied B.shoutedC.explained D.ordered解析A结合上文的问题可知，此处说的应该是"母亲回答说……"，故用replied。4.A.engineer B.scientistC.reporter D.astronaut解析D结合下文内容可知，空格所填词表示的应是"航天员"，故选D。5.A.stopped B.refusedC.agreed D.determined解析D此处说的是"那时，Katya决定（determined）将来迎接挑战，飞向太空"。6.A.imagination B.dreamC.difficulty D.difference解析B此处说的是"为了让远大的梦想（dream）变成现实，她学习非常努力"，故选B。7.A.carefor B.turnaroundC.pickout D.preparefor解析A此处说的是Katya帮忙照看（carefor）年幼的弟弟和妹妹，故选A。8.A.discussion B.responsibilityC.mission D.education解析C此处说的是"完成她的第一个任务（mission）——进入太空行业工作"，故选C。9.A.offered B.lentC.prevented D.advised解析AKatya表现突出，之后获得了全职工作。offer在此表示"给予，提供"。10.A.serious B.basicC.precious D.various解析C此处指Katya获悉了一个宝贵的（precious）机会，故选C。11.A.warn B.allowC.invite D.cause解析B此处说的是该计划可以允许一个人加入一个六人的航空之旅。allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事。12.A.Luckily B.SuddenlyC.Probably D.Generally解析A幸运的是（Luckily），Katya从数千人中脱颖而出。13.A.popular B.beautifulC.careful D.surprising解析B此处说的是"这一切之中最美好的（beautiful）事情之一是得以告诉妈妈"，故选B。14.A.doubt B.successC.worry D.support解析D她一直认为是妈妈的支持（support）让她努力工作和心怀远大梦想，故选D。15.A.experience B.celebrationC.challenge D.imagination解析A所填词指的应该是飞入太空的这一经历（experience），故选A。三、语法填空[2023江西南昌一模]Asmalldevice，MOXIE，hasproducedoxygenonthesurfaceofMars，1（bring）thechancesofsurvivingontheredplanetastepcloser.Researchpublishedin2journalScienceAdvancesreportedthatMOXIEproducedbreathableoxygeninseven-hour-longtestsconductedinvariousweatherandatmospheric（大气的）conditionslastyear.Theresearchalsofoundthateveninextreme3（temperature）andafteraMartianduststorm，MOXIE4（continue）toproducehigh-purityoxygen."ThisisthefirstdemonstrationofactuallyusingresourcesonthesurfaceofMarsandtransforming5（they）chemicallyintosomethingusefulforahumanmission，"JeffreyHoffman，a6（retire）astronaut，said."ThethinatmosphereonMarsis96percentcarbondioxideandmuchmore7（change）thanthatonEarth