2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义Unit1PeopleofAchievement新人教版选择性必修第一册含答案

Unit1PeopleofAchievementYuanLongpingiswidelyacknowledgedasChina’s"fatherofhybridrice".Upongraduation，Yuantookupapositionasateacherinacollege.Heinsistedonstudyingagriculturewhileteaching.In1960，ProfessorYuanunexpectedlyfoundan"outstanding"riceplantwithexcellentproperties.Hecarefullyanalyseditandcametotheconclusionthatthisextraordinaryricewasanaturalhybridrice.Thiscrucialfindingfueledhisenthusiasmforthestudyofhybridrice.Despiteencounteringnumerousdifficulties，hecontinuedhisscientificresearchunderhardcircumstanceswithgreatpassion.Asaconsequence，Yuanandhisteamobtainedremarkablesuccess，significantlyimprovingChina’sriceoutput.Tosumup，Yuancommittedallhislifetodefeatinghunger.Yuanpassedawayin2021，aged91，andthewholenationmournedhisdeath.HewillbeforeverrememberedbyChinesepeopleandthemit（committed；committed；committing）vt.做出（错或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）；花（钱或时间）；承诺；保证vi.忠于（某个人、机构等）；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）1.[人教选必①－5]Heisaverygoodactorandhecommitshimselftoeveryrolethathetakeson.2.[外研选必③－3]Drivenbyasenseofcommitment（commit），agreatmanyjoinedthearmytoresisttheJapaneseinvadersanddefendthehonourofthenation.3.Thoughjournalistsarecommittedtopresenting（present）thetruth，itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelyonthenewsreports.4.MrLiisacommitted（commit）teacher，whoisverypopularamongstudents.点拨此处committed作形容词，表示"尽心尽力的，坚定的"，可用于写作中对人物品质的描述。5.ZhongNanshancommitshimselftomedicalresearch，andwasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic. （人物介绍）→①Committinghimselftomedicalresearch，ZhongNanshanwasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic.（现在分词短语作状语）→②ZhongNanshan，committedtomedicalresearch，wasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic.（过去分词短语作定语）6.直到那时我才意识到我犯了个巨大的错误，窘得满脸通红。 （读后续写之心理描写）OnlythendidIrealisethatIhadcommittedabigmistake.Myfaceglowedwithembarrassment.（"only＋状语"位于句首的倒装）★commitoneselfto（doing）sth.承诺/保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）commit...to...投入……于……commitsth.犯（错）等★commitmentn.承诺；投入；奉献makeacommitmenttodosth.保证/承诺做某事★committedadj.尽心尽力的，坚定的becommittedto（doing）sth.致力于（做）某事2acknowledgevt.承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢1.TraditionalChinesemedicineiswidelyacknowledgedtobe（be）effectiveinthefightagainsttheseveredisease.2.Iwassentafreecopyinacknowledgement（acknowledge）ofmycontribution.3.Igreatlythankyouforthehelpyouhavegivenme.→Igreatlyacknowledgethehelpyouhavegivenme.（词语升级）点拨表示"感谢，感激"的词或短语，除了thanksb.forsth.外，还有acknowledge/appreciatesth.和begratefultosb.forsth.。4.普遍认为，读好书可以丰富我们的思想，教我们明辨是非。It’suniversally/widelyacknowledgedthatreadinggoodbookscanenrichourmindsandteachustodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.点拨"明辨是非"的其他表达：tell/distinguishrightfromwrong，tellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong★acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.承认做过某事acknowledge...as/tobe...认为……是……It’suniversally/widelyacknowledgedthat...普遍认为……★acknowledgementn.承认inacknowledgementof...以回答……；以感谢……3insistvt.&vi.坚持；坚决要求1.[人教选必②－3]Forexample，scientistshaveinsistedforyearsthatabigenemyofhealthis（be）fattyfood.2.[北师必修③－9]IkepttellinghimthatIknewthewaymyself，butheinsistedontaking（take）methere.3.妈妈坚持认为我不该放弃，而应该全力以赴。→①MymotherinsistedthatIshouldnotgiveup，buttrymybest.（insistthat）→②Mymotherinsistedonmytryingmybestinsteadofgivingup.（insiston，insteadof）★insiston/upon（sb./sb.’s）doingsth.坚决要求（某人）做某事★insistthat...①表示"坚持/坚决要求……"时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用"（should＋）动词原形"。②表示"坚持说/坚持认为……"时，从句用陈述语气。4conclusionn.结论；推论；最后1.WhenChrisbroughthisspeechtoaniceconclusion（conclude），Whaley，histeacher，invitedtherestoftheclasstoapplaudhim.2.Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.3.SoIcometo/arriveat/reach/drawaconclusion（得出结论）thatifyouwantagreatcareer，youneedtocommityourselftosomethingmeaningful.（conclusion）4.总之，急需共同努力来抢救我们的传统文化瑰宝。 （传统文化）Inconclusion，jointeffortsareurgentlyneededtorescueourtraditionalculturaltreasures.点拨conclusion/conclude常出现在科研类或科普类说明文中，用于总结研究发现或观点。如：☆[2022北京]Crystalknewthatvisionsalonedon’tproduceresults，butconcludedthat"we’llneverproduceresultsthatwecan’tenvision".☆[2020北京]Inconclusion，positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone’slife.★inconclusion最后；总而言之cometo/arriveat/reach/drawaconclusion得出结论jumptoconclusions匆忙下结论bring...toaconclusion使……结束★concludevt.推断出vt.&vi.结束，终止concludesth.（fromsth.）（从……中）推断出/断定……5circumstancen.（usuallypl.）条件；环境；状况1.[北师选必②－5]Sometimesweneedtobeflexibleandadapttochangingcircumstances（circumstance）.2.Ifcircumstancespermit/allow（如果情况允许的话），theworkwillbeginonMonday.3.在任何情况下，我们都不能在互联网上将我们的个人信息泄露给陌生人。 （建议信）Under/InnocircumstancesshouldwegiveawayourpersonalinformationtostrangersontheInternet.（倒装结构）点拨表示"绝不"的其他短语：innoway；onnoaccount；bynomeans。这些短语置于句首时，句子都需要用部分倒装结构。★under/inthecircumstances在这种情况下，既然如此under/innocircumstances在任何情况下决不，无论如何不（放在句首时句子要用部分倒装结构）★ifcircumstancespermit/allow如果情况允许的话6consequencen.结果；后果1.Ididn’tkeepmypromise.Inconsequence，hegotveryangryatme.2.Johnwascommittedtohisstudy.Consequently（consequent），hegainedadmissiontoZhejiangUniversity.3.在过去的几年里，大量垃圾被倾倒进海洋中。因此，许多海洋物种正面临灭绝的威胁。（倡议）Thepastyearshavewitnessedlargeamountsofwastedumpedintotheoceans.Asaconsequence/Inconsequence，manymarinespeciesareunderthreatofextinction.（consequence）★asaconsequence/inconsequence（＝asaresult）结果asaconsequenceof/inconsequenceof（＝asaresultof）由于★consequentadj.随之发生的consequentlyadv.因此；结果7takeupaposition担任；任职1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①[外研必修①－1]After-schoolactivitiesalsoplayapartwhenstudentsapplytocollege.However，theycantakeupalotoftime，sostudentshavetolearntoorganisetheirbusyschedules.占用②MrSmithlastyeartookupapositionasadesignerinthenewcompany. 开始从事③LangPingbecameastarinChinabecauseofhersuccess，herpositiveattitudeandherabilitytotakeupchallenges. 接受2.Takedowntheimportantpointsinclasssothatyoucangooverthemafterclass.3.I’mgoingtotakeaweekoff（休一周假）andBriggswilltakeoverthebusiness（接管业务）whenI’maway.★takeup拿起；占用；开始从事；接受takeoff脱下；起飞；事业腾飞；休假takein吸收；理解；收留；欺骗takeover接管；接任takeon呈现；雇用；承担takedown写下，记下；拆除takeapart拆开，拆卸8sumup总结，概括1.[北师选必①－3]Tosum（sum）up，despiteproducingcheapfood，factoryfarmingisbadfortheplanetandfortheanimalsthemselves.点拨表示"总之，总而言之"的归纳总结性短语除了tosumup和insum外还有inconclusion，inshort，inbrief，insummary，allinall等。2.这个年轻人冒着生命危险从火海中救人。他因勇敢而得到一大笔金钱奖励。Theyoungmanriskedhisownlifetosavepeoplefromthefire.Hewasrewardedwithalargesumofmoneyforhisbravery.3.总之，他对教育的奉献为他赢得了当地人的尊重。 （人物介绍）Insum，hiscommitmenttoeducationearnshimthelocalpeople’srespect.★tosumup总之alargesumofmoney一大笔钱insum总而言之9upon/on＋doing/n.一……就……1.[外研必修③－2]Onleaving（leave）school，WintonworkedinbanksinGermanyandFrance.2.Uponherretirement（retire）fromtheuniversity，theprofessortookupapositionincharity.3.一到海滩，我们就开始清理冲到岸边的垃圾。 （环境保护）→①Uponarrival/arrivingatthebeach，westartedtocleanupthelitterwashedashore.（upon＋n./doing）→②Themomentwearrivedatthebeach，westartedtocleanupthelitterwashedashore.（themoment）→③Immediatelywearrivedatthebeach，westartedt