高考英语复习：名词性从句精讲(上课用)

高考英语复习精讲精练名词性从句

名词性从句

主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做------宾语从句在句中做------表语从句在句中做------同位语从句在句中-----主语宾语表语同位语1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.2.Iknowthathewillcome.3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句为什么叫名词性从句？_______________________整个从句相当于一个名词比较:Themanlookedaround.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质Iknowhim.Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom2.为什么要有名词性从句？那人看了看四周.(名词作主语)那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望.(从句作主语)我知道他在房间里写作文.从句的特征:是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分(that除外)名词能做的成分,从句都能做

从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多主语从句thatwhetherwhowhomwhosewhatwhichwhenwherewhyhow从句引导词:1.ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoall.他懂英语,这一点大家都知道令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.3.When

hewillcomeisunknown.4.Whether

heiscomingdoesn’tmattermuch.他来不来没什么要紧的他什么时候来不清楚.他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.5.Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.主语从句的位置1.在句首2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用It主语太长了!放到句尾That无词义,不可省略What“什么”,“所….的”2.

What

surprisedmewastoseehimhere.When“什么时候”主语从句不用if位于句首It作主语的常用句型有:1.It+be+形容词+that从句2.It+be+名称词组(duty/pity..)+that从句3.It+be+过去分词(said/thought..)+that从句4.It+不及物动词(seem/happen..)+that从句Itisapitythatwecan’tgoswimming.Itissaidthathetoldhereverything.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.Itiscertainthathewilldowellintheexam.真可惜我们不能去游泳.碰巧那天我外出了.他考试肯定会考好.据说他已告诉了她一切.注意:Itlookedthathewasright.(×)可以说:Itlooksasif….happen只有it句型用形式主语it的主语从句常见结构Itisclear(necessary,important,possible,remarkablethat…很清楚〔必要,重要,可能,值得注意等)…Itis

afact(agoodthing,goodnews…)

that…事实是(好事是,好消息是…)…Itis

well-known(reported,recorded,estimated,said,believed)

that…众所周知(据报道,,据记载,据说,据计)It

turnsout(seems,happens,appears…)

that…结果是(似乎是,碰巧是,好象是…)…Ithasbeenfound(hasbeenproved,canbeseen,mustbepointedout)that…已发现(已证明,可以看出,需指出)…用it句型翻译:据说今年高一学生要学新教材.事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务.碰巧他们已经参加过军训了.众所周知,比尔·盖茨是世界上最富有的人.我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.ItissaidthattheSeniorGradeonestudentswilllearnanewtextthisyear.Itisafactthattheyfinishedalltheworkbythemselves.Ithappenedthattheyhadhadtheirmilitarytraining.Itiswell-knownthatBillGatesistherichestpersonintheworld.→→→→→Itisimportantthatwe(should)formagoodhabitofstudying.Note:Itisimportant/necessary/natural/ourduty/essential/strangethatsb(should)dosth.固定句型,should可以省略翻译:真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.Itisstrangethatheshouldbelatetoday.strange不省略should为好关于名词性从句中的虚拟语气：〔1〕在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气"(should)+do",常用的句型有:Itisnecessary，important,natural,strange,appropriate，advisable,preferable(更可取的),better，essential,vital，probable,possible，desirable(极好的)，compulsory，crucial〔紧急的〕，incredible〔惊人的〕，urgentetc.that...Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that...III.Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that...(2)表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有suggest,propose,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等。如:Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.(3)表示“建议、请求、要求、决定等”意思的名词desire,demand，suggestion,proposal,request,decision，advice,recommendation,order,plan,idea等,用在表语从句及同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气"(should)+do"。如:Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscussthequestion.

Theyreceivedordersthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.表语从句从句引导词:同主语从句(11个),外加asif/asthough,1.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeentothecountryside.2.ThequestioniswhetherwecanfinishtheexperimentbyFriday.3.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.实际情况是他从未去过农村.that一般不省略问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验.表语从句不用if好象看上去要下雨似的.(其实不会)asif/asthough从句常表示不真实的情况Shetalksasif/asthoughshehadbeentherebefore.她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的.

又比如:4.Thisschoolisnolongerwhat

itwasbefore.这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了.what=thethingthat系动词后面be,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,feel,remain等注意以下表语从句中where,how,why的译法Thisis

where

LuXunoncelived.Thatwashow

theywonthematch.Thisiswhyshegotupsoearlythismorning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.

这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.我们就是这样克服困难的.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.Thisis/Thatwashowweovercamethedifficulties.Thatiswhyhewasabsentyesterday.ThisiswherewemetlastSunday.Thisis总是现在时Thatis表示性质Thatwas指过去动作固定句型:Thisiswhere…Thisiswhy…Thisishow….这就是…的地方这就是…的原因这就是…的方法宾语从句中的连接词that在以下七种情况下不能省略：1.在由and和but连接的两个并列的宾语从句中，第一个从句中的that可以省略，第二个从句中的that不能省略。如：Iknow(that)youareverykindandthatyoucanhelpme.

2.当that宾语从句中的状语位于从句的前部时，that不可以省略。如：Tellhimthatifhecomestomorrow,pleasecallme.

3.当that前面有插入语时，that不可以省略。如：Hedidn'tknow,I'msure,thathismotherwasill.

宾语从句4.当it作为形式宾语放在动词之后，而that引导的真正宾语从句放在句尾时，that不可以省略。如：Theytookitforgrantedthatthesingerwascoming.

5.在省略答语中，当that宾语从句单独出现时，that不可以省略。如：

----Whatdidyousay?

----Thathewouldbehereat8o‘clock.

6.当that宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that一般不省略。如：Iswear.Iwillnevertellanyonethatyouhavebrokentheglass.

7.当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉如：IpreferhisplantoyoursinthatIthinkitismorepractical.(inthat表示原因)whether与if的辨用表“是否”时，在以下情况下用whether。1.主语从句

2.表语从句

3.同位语从句

4.介词后的宾语从句5.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.6.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用ifeg:Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.7.Theydiscussedwhethertheywillgobackrightnow.Practicetimeif/whether

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherIdoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idon’tdoubt

thatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubt

thathediditonhisown?doubt问题肯定句中用if/whether否认句中用that疑定句中用thatIdoubt_________heistellingthetruth.Weneverdoubt_________theplanwillbecarriedout.Doeshedoubt_________youarefromAustria?I’mdoubtful_________hewillagreetothis.

if/whether

that

that

if/whether宾语从句经常做介词的宾语TheSwedestoodstill,except_____hislipsmovedslightly.Sheisnotsatisfiedwith____shehasachieved.Maryalwaysthinksof____shecandomorefortheclass.Hewrotealetterofthanksto______helpedhim.(任何一个)5.Itdependsonifwehaveenoughtime.whetherwehaveenoughtime.介词后面不用ifthat

what

how

whoever6.Areyousorryforwhichyouhavedone?

whatyouhavedone?介词后面不用which宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语I’mafraid(that)I’llbelate.Weweresurprisedthathelostthegame.我恐怕要迟到了.that可以省略我们对他在比赛中的失败感到惊异.此类表语形容词有:afraidpleasedhappysatisfiedanxioussuresurprisedcertaingladawarethat从句只跟在except,but,in,besides,save〔except)五个介词后面Wethink

that

middleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguage

possible

.(改用形式宾语it)2.Wehavemade

that

aforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflifeclear.(改用形式宾语it)我认为学好英语是必要的.IconsiderthatweshouldlearnEnglishwellnecessary.Weconsiderhersuitableforthejob.宾语宾补considerfindthinkfeelmakehate,take,have,seeto等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语it,宾语从句放到宾补之后Wethinkit

possible

that

middleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguage.Wehavemade

it

clear

that

aforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflife.Iconsideritnecessary

thatweshouldlearnEnglishwellit不能漏从句后移【疑难1】Iamafraid(that)I'vemadeamistake.【疑难剖析】作形容词的宾语时，可以省略that【注意】以下形容词后常跟that引导的从句作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。(有时也将此类词后的that从句看作原因状语从句。)宾语从句需要注意的问题【疑难2】Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.Iadmirethattheywonthematch.【疑难剖析】后边不能直接跟that从句的动词有：allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。(√)(×)【疑难3】Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.【疑难剖析】有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that－从句”结构中，这类动词常见的有envy，order，accuse，refuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce(揭发，斥责〕，advise，congratulate等。(√)(×)【疑难4】我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.【疑难剖析】否认的转移：假设主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句假设含有否认意义，一般要把否认词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。correctionTheemperorwaspleasedbywhichtheministertoldhimaboutit.Areyousorryforthatyouhaveannoyedhim?Ifindthatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetimebeingnecessary.Canyoudoubtifshewillsucceed?Iworriedaboutifmybrotherwillreturnintime.Shesaidthatshehasnevertoldalie.WillyoutellmewhenheleavesforParis?OurfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofus.Itlookedthathewaswellpreparedfortheunexpectedchallenge.Thathesaidmovedeveryonepresent.whatitnecessarythatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetimebeingthatshewillsucceed?whethermybrotherwillreturnintime.had

willleaveforParis?ThatourfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofusWhatItseemedwhich不做介词宾语that不做介词宾语从句缺少引导词that不做句子成分没有Itlookthat…表达式同位语从句被解释说明的词有:fact,news,hope,opinion,order,question,problem,belief,truth,theory,decision,discovery,conclusion,promise,rumor,fear,thought,suggestion,plan,idea…同位语从句说明它们的内容常见引导词:that,whether(if),how,wh-疑问词Thefactthatdeedsarebetterthanwordsisquiteclear.Thequestionhow

Ididitishardtoanswer.Theyhadnoideawhere

theyshouldgotofindsomefood.Thequestionwhether

hecomesornotisnotimportant.(if)Athoughtcametome

that

hemightbeinthelibrary.事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚.我怎么做的这一问题难答复.他们根本不知去哪儿找食物他是否来这个问题不重要.我突然想到他可能在图书馆.被别的词隔开that无词义1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________

Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.把两句话合成复合句Choosethebestanswer1.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact___hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea____hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.thatChoosethebestanswer4.Thenews___surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovesto

befalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome___someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherc.thatD.which名词性从句的主要考点考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别考例:_______wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_______wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what分析:(注:划线的选项为最正确答案,下同.)在名词性从句中that与what的区别是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语.A考点之二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语

考例1:_______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语.此句也可以改写为:ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.

考例2:Ihate_______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.thisD.them

分析:此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不能作形式宾语.DA考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序

考例:Thephotographswillshowyou_______.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike分析:在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。此题句子的意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。此题中根据引导词what要作介词like的宾语,而副词how不能作介词like的宾语,所以首先排除C、D,而A项是疑问句语序,故只能选B。B考点之四:考查名词性从句中的whether,if以及that的区别考例1:_______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where分析:句子的意思是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定.whether与if当"是否"讲时的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟ornot时通常只能用whether,而不能用if.

考例2:Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why分析:此题句子的意思是:医生真正疑心的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来.whether引导的是表语从句.BC考例3:Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for分析:此题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。It作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。whether,if以及that引导的名词性从句的区别是:whether与if(当"是否"讲时)引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;而that引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。B考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与nomatter+疑问词引导的从句的区别考例1:Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever分析:此题句子的意思是:一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的.whatever引导的是宾语从句,A.however和D.whenever是不能作宾语的;而C.whichever表示"无论哪一个、无论哪些",表示在一定范围内的人或事物,此处并不涉及"一定范围内的人或事物",所以也不能选.B考例2:Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho分析:此题句子的意思是:萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友.疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与nomatter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句.首先排除D.而选A.anyone那么应在其后加who.从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行.C考点之六:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题考例:Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent______atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster分析:此题选B.句子的意思是:大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。It作形式主语,that引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。

B典型错误及归纳找出以下句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?

2.Idon'tknowwherehashegone.

3.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.

thereare

hehaswhatwasthematter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！找出以下句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.

5.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.

(should)gotowe(should)go规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？找出以下句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifornotIcouldgowithhim.

Whetherwhetherwhetherwhether规律三：4种情况只能用whether：〔1〕位于句子开头；〔2〕前面有介词；〔3〕引导表语从句；〔4〕与ornot连用。找出以下句子中的错误，并总结出规律：Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.Everybodyconsidersitimpossiblewhichhewantstofinishthejobinsuchashorttime.4.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouwillcomeornot.ititthatwhether规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it”而后置。问题：想想看是什么“适当的情况”？名词性从句试题集锦1.Iaskher_______comewithme.A.ifshewill B.ifwillsheC.whetherwillsheD.willshe2._______hesaidistrue.A.WhatB.That C.Which D.Whether3.Canyoutellme________?A.whoisthatgentleman B.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanis D.whomisthatgentleman4.Hedidn'tknowwhichroom_______.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein5.Togetthejobstarted,_______Ineedissomemoney.A.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythat6.Ihavenoidea_______fartherailwaystationisfromhere.A.what B.how C.it's D.that7.Canyoutellme_______therailwaystation?A.howIcangetto B.whatcanIgetto C.whereIcangotto D.wherecanIgetto8.Doyouknow_______?A.whatishisname B.howishisname C.whathisnameis D.howhisnameis9._______youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.That B.What C.Which D.This10.Theyhavenoideaatall________.A.wherehehasgone B.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegone D.wherehashegone11.Theywanttoknow_________dotohelpus.A.whatcanthey B.whattheycan C.howtheycan D.howcanthey12.Thesephotographswillshowyou_______.A.whatourvillagelookslike B.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklike D.howourvillagelookslike13.Canyoumakesure________thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadput B.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasput D.wherehasAliceput14.Noonecanbesure________inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklike B.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklike D.whatlookmanlike15.________the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.If C.Whether D.That16.Goandgetyourcoat.It's________youleftit.A.there B.where C.therewhereD.wherethere17.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggray.A.while B.that C.if D.for18._______hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.What B.That C.Thefact D.Thematter19.—Doyouremember________hecame?—Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.how B.when C.that D.if20._________wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_________wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what