高考英语阅读理解专题：猜词技巧

TranslatethesesentencesHeisa

goodChristian.Heisagoodfather.Heisagoodchild.Heisagoodhusband.Sheisa

goodwife.Sheisagoodteacher.Sheisagoodfriend.他是一名虔诚的教徒。他是一名慈祥的父亲。他是一个听话的孩子。他是一个有责任心的丈夫。她是一个贤惠的妻子。她是一名敬业的老师。她是一个可靠的朋友。HeavynewsHeavyfoodHeavywaterHeavyappearanceHeavysleeperHeavysmoker晴天霹雳热量高的食物硬水粗陋的长相睡觉沉的人烟鬼阅读理解猜测词义题在阅读理解中，猜测词义、句义题的特点是对生词、短语、指示代词和句子意思的考查。

常用设问形式：

1.Theunderlinedword"..."refersto(means)____.

2.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword"..."?

3.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean_____.

4.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto...(paragraph...)?

1、释义法

猜词技巧2、比照关系3、因果关系4、举例法5、重述6、同义词、反义词7.构词法

1.

释义法：

在文中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号,括弧等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。●信号词：

tobe,thatis,mean,standfor,namely,toreferto,tomean,inotherwords,thesameas,like,as...as…

Ex.1◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.◎Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.

木匠

动物学家

牧人

夜班2、比照关系●信号词:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等

Ex.2

1.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.

2.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.3.Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.4.Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthething.脏的

无辜的节约的不同意3、因果关系

●信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusEx.31.He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.2.Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.3.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow(浅的〕.

精明的

修剪混浊的

“But”,beganKim,“Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo”.Theword“presumptuous”istheclosestinmeaningto____fullofrespecttooconfidentandrudelackinginexperiencetooshyandquiet4、举例法●信号词:such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistof或冒号Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes〔刹车〕.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽装置

Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.Theunderlinedwordmeans_______.A.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.novels

5、重述

●信号词:or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway等

Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwatertheirfields.Allwhalesconsistoftwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.灌溉有牙齿的6、同义词、反义词同义词信号词:or,like,as…as,thesameasThenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplump

asmother,andmuchshorter.代替圆胖的“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.Theunderlinedword“cultivated”roughlymeans____encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed反义词信号词:unlike,reverse7.根据词法中的转化、派生、合成等来猜测词义----即构词法知识1.Womenhaveequalsayineverything.

2.ThecolorsofEnglandinthespringareunforgettable.

3.Boththedevelopedandtheunderdevelopedshouldtrytheirbesttopopularizeeducation.4.“Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,”Rubinwrites，“thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings…”中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-〔极微小的〕re-〔再，反复〕mis-〔误，恶〕im-〔不〕un-〔不，非〕in-〔不，非〕non-〔不，非〕-able〔能…的〕-less〔不，无〕-wards(向)inner-〔内部的，里面的〕co-〔共同〕，sino-〔中国〕-ship〔身份；资格；权力；性质trans-〔超越；转换〕，-hood〔状态；性质；时期anti-〔反；防〕supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)