定冠词与零冠词的用法

v1.0可编辑可修改v1.0可编辑可修改v1.0可编辑可修改PAGEModule6Grammar定冠词与零冠词的用法一．定冠词定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有"那（这）个"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。Inthemorning,playingthepianotowardsthesunrisingintheeastisthefirstthingiwanttodo,anditisthemostinterestingthingforme.

in

the

morning

类推:

（一些惯用语中用the）:in

the

afternoon

/evening

在下午／傍晚;

in

the

middle

(of),

in

the

end,

by

the

way

例外

:

at

night/noon

在深夜／中午

in

the

east

类推：(方位名词前一般用the):

in

the

west/south/north/middle

在西方／南方／北方／中间

The

sun

类推：(世上独一无二的事物前一般用the):

the

moon

/sky/world月亮／天空／世界

Play

the

piano

类推：

(乐器前一般用the):

play

the

guitar弹吉它；play

the

violin

拉小提琴

first

类推：(序数词前一般用the)

:

the

second／fifth

/twelfth

第二／五／十二

The

most

interesting

类推：(形容词最高级前一般用the)：the

hottest

最热的；the

most

important

最重要的补充：1.上文提到过的人或事：

He

bought

a

house.

I've

been

to

the

house.

他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。2.单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the

dollar

美元;

the

fox

狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the

rich

富人;

the

living

生者。3.与复数名词连用，指整个群体：

They

are

the

teachers

of

this

school.指全体教师)

They

are

teachers

of

this

school.

(指部分教师)

4.用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：

the

People's

Republic

of

China

中华人民共和国

the

United

States

美国

5.用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：

the

Greens

格林一家人

(或格林夫妇)

二．零冠词记忆口诀：月，季，星期，节假日呼语，头衔，职务前三餐，球类，惯用语学科，棋类名词前。

零冠词用法归纳

1.

用于复数名词前

复数名词泛指某类人或物时，其前通常用零冠词。如：

Students

should

obey

the

school

rules.

学生应该遵守校规。

【说明】复数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。如：

The

students

are

too

lazy.

这些学生太懒。

2.

用于不可数名词前

不可数名词表示泛指时，其前通常用零冠词。如：

Bread

is

made

from

flour.

面包是用面粉做的。

【说明】不可数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。如：

He

sawed

the

wood

into

three

pieces.

他把木头锯成三块。

3.

用于专有名词前

在通常情况下，专有名词前要用零冠词。如：

Mr

Smith

is

our

English

teaches

us

English.

史密斯先生教我们英语。

【说明】在特殊情况下，若专有名词需要特指，也可加定冠词。如：

The

Smith

you’re

looking

for

no

longer

lives

here.

你找的那个史密斯不再住这里。

4.

用于某些单数可数名词前

单数可数名词前在某些特殊情况下用零冠词，如用作呼语时、表示家庭成员时。如：

Can

I

tell

Father

about

it

这事我可以告诉爸爸吗

He

was

a

teacher

before

he

turned

writer.

在成为作家前他是教师。

5.

用于抽象化的可数名词前

有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动，其前通常零冠词。如：

Jim

has

gone

to

bed.

吉姆已上床睡觉了。

She

goes

to

church

every

Sunday.

她每周星期天都去做礼拜。

【说明】这类主要涉及bed,

church,

class,

college,

school,

university,

work,

hospital,

prison,

market,

sea,

town等。另外，这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关。如：“住院”在英国英语中通常说成

in

hospital，而在美国英语中则通常说成in

the

hospital；类似的还有go

to

university

(英)上大学

/

go

to

the

university

(美)上大学；at

table

(英)在吃饭

/

at

the

table

(美)在吃饭。

6.

用于职务及头衔前

当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时，其前通常用零冠词。如：

Trumpbecame

President

of

the

U.

S.

A.

特朗普当了美国总统。

He

will

be

made

captain

of

the

football

team.

他将被选为足球队队长。

【说明】有时也可用定冠词，但以不用为多见。

7.

用于球类运动前

Let’s

go

and

play

basketball.

我们去打篮球吧。

You

can’t

pick

the

ball

up

in

football.

踢足球时不许用手持球。

【说明】若指球类运动，其前用零冠词；若球类运动所用的球，则根据情况可用冠词。如：

The

basketball

cost

me

30

yuan.

这个篮球花了我30元。

8.

其他用零冠词的场合

按英语习惯，在表示学科、语言、三餐、月份、季节、节假日、星期等名词前，通常用零冠词。如：

We

are

all

interested

in

physics.

我们大家都对物理感兴趣。

Won’t

you

stay

and

take

lunch

with

us

留在这儿吃午饭好吗

School

begins

in

September.

九月开学。

It’s

a

fortnight

to

National

Day.

离国庆节还有两星期。

She

has

been

here

since

Monday.

从礼拜一起她一直在这里。

8.

用于某些固定结构中

at

home

在家

at

night

在晚上at

least

至少

at

most

至多at

first

首先

at

last

最后in

bed

在床上

on

foot

步行face

to

face

面对面

catch

fire

着火

give

way

让路

lose

heart

灰心move

house

搬家

send

word

捎信

take

place

发生

by

chance

偶然

=byaccident

catch

sight

of

看见

make

use

of

利用9.有些短语用零冠词和定冠词均可，只是含义不同：

out

of

question毫无疑问

=without

question

out

of

the

question不可能，不值得考虑的=impossible

keep

house

料理家务

keep

the

house

呆在家里不外出

in

charge

of

负责，管理，主管

in

the

charge

of

在…的管理(负责)之下练习=1\*ROMANI.填空。在空白处填入适当的冠词，不需要的划“\”。1．There

is

_______

picture

of

_______

elephant

on

_______

wall．

2．This

is

_______

useful

book．I've

read

it

for

_______

hour．

3．

_______

elephant

is

much

heavier

than

_______

horse．

4．

_______

doctor

told

him

to

take

_______

medicine

three

times

_______

day．

5．Let's

go

out

for

_______

walk．

6．It's

too

hot．Open

_______

door，please．

7．There

is

_______

woman

over

there．

_______

woman

is

Meimei's

mother．

8．

_______

sun

rises

in

_______

east．

9．

_______

Changjiang

River

is

_______

longest

river

in

_______

China．10．Are

you

going

to

do

it

_______

second

time

11．Washington

is

_______

capital

of

_______

USA．

12．

_______

Turners

are

living

at

the

end

of

_______

Turner

Street．

13．He

joined

the

army

in

_______

spring

of

_______

1995．

14．

_______

old

man

is

_______

teacher．He

likes

playing

_______

basketball

after

_______

supper．

15．After

I

had

_______

quick

breakfast，I

hurried

to

school．

16．Are

_______

sheep

kept

by

_______

farmers

for

producing

_______

wool

and

_______

meat

went

to

_______

People's

Park,but

we

both

went

to

_______

People's

Cinema

yesterday．

18．I

often

watch

_______

TV

in

_______

evening．

19．

_______

day

of

_______

December

20，1999

is

Monday．

20．Tomorrow

is

_______

Christmas

Day

and

my

father

and

I

went

to

choose

_______

Christmas

tree

today．

II.选择填空。

1.—Does

Jim

have

_______

ruler

—Yes，he

has

_______

．

A．an；some

B．a；one

C．a；／

D．any；one

2．There

is

_______

old

bike．

_______

old

bike

is

Mr

Zhao's．

；The

B.the；An

C.a；The

D.the；The

3．

_______

apple

a

day

keeps

the

doctors

aw

ay．

A．The

B．A

C．An

D．Two

4．—How

many

books

do

you

have

—I

have

_______

book．That's

_______

English

book．

A.a；an

B.a；one

C.one；an

D．one；one

5．At

that

time

Tom

was

_______

one-year-old

baby．

A．a

B．an

C．the

D．／6．

_______

tiger

is

_______

China．

A．The；a

B．A；the

C．The；from

D．The；the

7．We

can't

see

_______

sun

at

_______