国贸实务-案例分析-Case-Studies

CaseStudiesofInternationalTradeCourse:PracticeofInternationalTrade Adviser:GaoYanfengGrade&Class:Grade2012Class5Name:LiYuanbaoStudentID:120440502Date:20thDecember,2014CaseStudiesofInternationalTradeName:LiYuanbaoStudentID:120440502Case1QualityofGoodsAChineseexportersignedasalescontractwithaEuropeancompanytoexportfivemetrictonsofChinesedates.BoththecontractandtheL/CspecifiedthatthedateswereofGrade3.Whenpreparinggoodsforshipment,thesellerfoundthatGrade3Chinesedateswereoutofstock.Inordertomakedeliveryintime,thesellershippedtheGrade2ChinesedatestothebuyerandindicatedinthecommercialinvoicethattheGrade2ChinesedatesarepricedasperGrade3.Doyouthinkitisreasonablefortheexportertodoso?Whatkindofriskistherefortheseller?译文：一家中国出口商与一家欧洲出口商签订了一个合同，卖方向买方出口5公吨的红枣。合同与信用证上明确标注，卖方所提供的是三等的红枣。当准备货物装运时，卖方发现三等红枣的仓储存货不足。为了使货物按时到达，卖方将二等红枣配送到给买方，并在商务发票上注明二等红枣的价格与三等红枣一致。你认为出口方这么做是否合理。卖方这样做有何风险？AnalysisonCase1:AccordingtoUCP500,Article37,thedescriptionofgoodsinthecommercialinvoicesmustcorrespondwiththedescriptionintheCredit.WhatthesellerdidisinconsistentwiththestipulationofUCP.ThebuyerisentitledtorejectthepaymentandthegoodsonthegroundthatthegoodsdeliveredarenotwhatthecontractandL/Crequire.salespersoninchargeofthiscontractwassobusythatheforgottosendthebuyertheshippingadviceuntilthenextmorning.Unexpectedly,whentheAmericanimporterwenttothelocalinsurancecompanytoinsurethegoods,theinsurancecompanyhadalreadylearnedthattheshipsufferedawreckonMay6andrefusedtoinsuretheshipment.TheAmericanimporterimmediatelysentafaxtotheChineseexporterreadingasfollows:“Owingtoyourdelayedshippingadvice,weareunabletoinsurethegoods.Sincethevesselhasbeendestroyedinawreck,thelossofgoodsshouldbeforyouraccount.Atthesametime,youshouldcompensateourprofitandexpenselosseswhichamounttoUS$50,000”.SoonalltheshippingdocumentssentthroughthecollectingbankwerereturnedtotheChineseexporter,forthereasonthattheimporterrefusedtotakeuptheshippingdocuments.Whoshouldberesponsibleforthelossandwhy?译文：一家中国出口商与一家美国进口商签订了一份按CFR成交的合同，该合同的货物为价值5万美元的肉罐头，付款方式为即期付款交单。2006年5月5日的早晨，货物已经全部被装载到指定的货船上。中方负责该笔订单的人员繁忙中未能将发货通知书及时发给买方，直到第二天早晨才将发货通知书发出。令人意想不到的是，当美国进口方去当地的保险公司为货物投保时，保险公司已得知该艘货船已经在5月6号遭受了沉船事故，因此拒绝对该批货物承保。美国进口方立即向中方发送了传真，传真内容如下：“由于你方未能及时发送发货通知书，我方无法为本批货物投保。现在货船由于沉船而损毁，货物损失应由你方负责。并且你方应当补偿我方的利润与开支损失，共计5万美元。”不久后，所有的船运单据经过代收银行返回到中国的出口商手里，因为上述的原因，中方拒绝了该付款赎单。谁该为损失负责？为什么？AnalysisonCase4:UnderCFRterm,alltherisksdutiesandexpensesaftergoods’passingship’srailarenormallybornebythebuyer.Itisprovidedthatthesellermustalsogivethebuyersufficientnoticethatthegoodshavebeendeliveredinordertoallowthebuyertotakemeasureswhicharenormallynecessarytoenablehimtotakethegoods.Underthisterm,thesellermustgivetheshippingnoticeinatimelymannersoastoallowsufficienttimeforthebuyertoeffectinsuranceofthegoods.Inthiscase,itwastheseller’sfailuretosendthe“sufficientnotice”thatledtohislossofbothgoodsandmoney.Ontheotherhand,ifthesellerhadinformedthebuyerimmediatelyaftershippingthegoods,thebuyerwouldhaveinsuredthegoodsintimeatthelocalinsurancecompany.Inthatcase,theinsurancecompanywouldhaveassumeditsliabilityforcompensationeveniftheaccidenthadhappenedpriortothebuyer’seffectinginsurancewhileboththebuyerandtheinsurancecompanywereignorantoftheaccident.ThusitcanbeseenhowimportantitistosendtheshippingadvicetothebuyerintimeunderCFRterms.Thatiswhyshippingadviceisoftenreferredtoas“insurancenotice”intradepractices.WhenCFRtermsorFOBtermsareusedincombinationwithpaymentbycollection,thesellermaycoverthegoodsagainst“seller’sinterestrisk”beforeexportingthegoodstocounteractthebuyer’sfailuretoeffectinsuranceorthebuyer’srefusaltoretirethedocuments.Hadthesellerinthiscasecoveredtheshipmentagainstthesaidrisk,thelosswouldhavebeensomewhatmitigated.Case5InternationalCargoTransportAChinesecompany(CompanyA)signedasalescontractwithaBraziliancompany(CompanyC).CompanyAentrustedashippingcompany(CompanyB)toshipthe10000sacksofcoffeebeansfromShanghaiPorttoaportinBrazil.CompanyBissuedacleanB/Levidencingthateachsackweights60kgsinapparentgoodcondition.Whenthegoodsarrivedatthedestination,CompanyCfoundthattheweightof600sacksofgoodswas25%lessinquantitythancontractedandthepackageswereloosened.Therefore,CompanyCsuedCompanyBforthequantitydiscrepancybetweenthedeliveredgoodsandthedescriptionsontheB/L,andaskedCompanyBtocompensatefortheloss.CompanyBlaterprovidedevidencetoprovethattheloosenedpackagesandtheshortweighthadexistedwhenthegoodswereloadedonboard,andthecompanyissuedthecleanB/Lbecauseoffailureincheckingeverypackage.SincethediscrepancyindeliveredquantitywasnotcausedbyCompanyB，thecompanyshouldnotcompensatefortheloss.Investigationalsoconfirmedthattheshortweightof600sackswasnotcausedbythecarrierbutbytheshipper,CompanyA.WhichpartyshouldcompensateCompanyC?Givereasonstosupportyouranswer.译文:一家中国公司（A公司）与一家巴西公司（C公司）签订了一份销售合同。A公司委托船运公司（B公司）从上海港口运送1万袋咖啡豆到巴西的某一个港口。B公司签署了清洁提单，表明每袋咖啡豆重量为60千克，货物外表状况良好。当货物抵达目的地时，C公司发现货物中有600袋咖啡豆的重量比合同中规定的重量少了25%，而且货物的包装也是松散的。因此，C公司以发货数量与信用证上货物数量不符为由起诉B公司，并要求B公司赔偿损失。B公司随后提供了相关的证据来证明包装松散与重量不足的现象在货物装运的时候已经存在，之所以签订清洁提单是因为公司无法检查每一个包装。既然货物数量差异不是由B公司造成的，那B公司就不需要赔偿损失。调查也确认了600袋咖啡豆的重量不足并非由货运公司造成，而是由出口方A公司造成的。哪一方应想C公司赔偿？给出依据来论证你的观点AnalysisonCase5:CompanyBshouldcompensateCompanyC,becausetheconsigneeonlyreliesontheB/Ltoprotecthisrightintransportation.Oncethebillofladingistransferredtoathirdparty,thecarriercannotusethediscrepancyincontentontheB/LandtheactualconditionasanexcusetodefendathirdpartyB/Lholder.IfthecarrierissuesacleanB/L,thecarrierisresponsiblefordeliveringthedescribedgoodstotheconsignee.Inthiscase,CompanyBshouldcompensateCompanyCbeforemakingclaimsagainstCompanyAforpayment.Case6CargoTransportInsuranceAChinesecompanyexported600casesoftablewareonCIFbasis.TheexportcompanycoveredtheinsuranceonthegoodsagainstFPAfor110%oftheCIFvalue.Beforethegoodswereloadedontheship,20caseswereoffthehookandfellintothesea.Doyouthinktheinsurancecompanyshouldundertaketocompensatefortheloss?IfthistransactionwasconcludedonFOBorCFRbasis,shouldtheinsurancecompanycompensatefortheloss?Whyorwhynot?译文：一家中国公司以到岸价计算，出口600箱餐具。该出口公司为该批货物投保了平安险，保额为到岸价的110%