高级英语第一册-U10-The-Artist-in-America

Unit10TheArtistinAmerica新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材〔修订版〕高级英语1电子教案3DetailedReadingContents24516WarmUpGlobalReadingConsolidationActivitiesTextAppreciationFurtherEnhancementSection1:WarmUpLookatthefollowingpicturesandidentifywhotheseartistsare.Lead-inBackgroundInformationShakespeareBeethovenSection1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationLuXunPicassoSection1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationCharlotteBronteZhangYimouSection1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationYo-YoMaYangLipingSection1:WarmUpWorkingroupsoffouranddiscussthefollowingquestions.Lead-inBackgroundInformationHowdoyouview“artists?”Thinkofwordsorphrasesasmanyaspossiblethatcanbeusedtodescribe“artists.”Whoisyourfavoriteartist?Why?Givespecificexamplestoillustratehisorheradmirablequalities.IstheimageofanidealartistarticulatedbyJohnF.Kennedythesameasthatinyourmind?Section1:WarmUp

AbouttheAuthorJohnFitzgeraldKennedy(1917-1963):The35thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,alsoreferredtoasJohnF.Kennedy,JFK,JohnKennedyorJackKennedy.Heservedfrom1961untilhisassassinationin1963.KennedyrepresentedMassachusettsduring1947-1960,asbothamemberoftheUSHouseofRepresentativesandUSSenate.Hewaselected1917-1963BackgroundInformationLead-inSection1:WarmUpPresidentin1960inoneoftheclosestelectionsinAmericanhistory.MajoreventsduringhispresidencyincludedtheBayofPigsInvasion,theCubanMissileCrisis,thebuildingoftheBerlinWall,theSpaceRace,earlyeventsoftheVietnamWar,andtheAmericanCivilRightsMovement.BackgroundInformationLead-inKennedyaddressesnationonCivilRights,11June1963Section1:WarmUpJohnF.KennedywasassassinatedonNovember22,1963.TheWarrenCommissionconcludedthatLeeHarveyOswaldactedaloneinkillingthepresident,althoughlatertheHouseSelectCommitteeonAssassinationsconcludedthataconspiracymayhavebeeninvolvedintheassassination,andthesubjectremainscontroversial.Kennedy’sassassinationisconsideredtobeadefiningmomentintheUShistoryduetoitstraumaticimpactonthenationaswellasonthepoliticalhistoryoftheensuingdecades,hissubsequentbrandingasaniconforanewgenerationofAmericansandAmericanaspirations,andforthemysteryandconspiracyallegationswhichsurroundit.BackgroundInformationLead-inSection1:WarmUpBackgroundInformationLead-in

AbouttheTextThetextcomesfromaspeechdeliveredbyJohnF.KennedyincommemoratingtheAmericanpoetRobertFrostwhopassedawayonJanuary29,1963.ThespeechwasmadeatAmherstCollege,inMassachusetts,onOctober27,1963,lessthanamonthbeforethePresident’sassassination.Arrivinganhourandahalflatebecauseofbadweather,thePresidentspokebefore3,000peopleattheAmherstFieldHouseat11:50a.m.afterreceivinganhonorarydegreeofDoctorofLaws.Hereceivedastandingovationafterthespeech,“althoughmanyofthestudentshere,”TheNewYorkTimesreportedthenextday,“aremoreinclinedtotheRepublicancause.”Section1:WarmUpBackgroundInformationLead-inKennedyatAmherstSection1:WarmUpBackgroundInformationLead-inJFK’sdraftSection2:GlobalReadingWhatisthetextmainlyabout?StructuralAnalysisMainIdea

ThetextisaspeechdeliveredbyJohnF.KennedyinhonorofafamouspoetinAmerica,RobertFrost.Inthisspeech,PresidentKennedydescribestheroleofanartistinsociety,notingRobertFrost’scontributionstoAmericanarts,culture,andideologyanddiscussingthenatureofstrengthandpower.Section2:GlobalReadingPleasedividethetextinto4partsandsummarizethemainideaofeachpart.StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaPartI(Paragraphs1-2)Introduction

KennedystatesthepurposeofthespeechistocommemoratetheAmericanpoetRobertFrost.StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaSection2:GlobalReadingPartII(Paragraphs3-15)Frost’sContributiontoAmerica

KennedysummarizeswhatFrosthascontributedtothenation.ThepraisesKennedybestowsonRobertFrostarehisabilitytoquestionpower,hisunsparinginstinctforreality,hissenseofthehumantragedy,hisdeepfaithinthespiritofman,andhispracticeofcouplingpoetryandpower,whichareexactlythevaluesKennedyurgeshispeopletofosterandcherish.StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaPartIII(Paragraphs16-20)HowaNationShouldTreatItsArtists

Kennedyadvocateshowanationshouldtreatitsartists:Itshouldrecognizetheplaceofartists,lettinganartistfollowhisowntruevisionandrewardingtheachievementsofartistsasitrewardsthoseofbusinessmenandstatesmen.

Section2:GlobalReadingStructuralAnalysisMainIdeaPartIV(Paragraphs21-29)AVisionofAmerica

KennedyarticulatesavisionforAmerica.Thatistobuildthecountryintoasocietywheremoralrestraintandwisdomareplacedinaprominentposition,wherethebeautyofnaturalenvironmentisprotectedandculturalheritageisgivenpriorityto,whereachievementsintheartsareamplyrewarded,wherethelevelofartisticaccomplishmentisraisedandculturalopportunitiesforthecommonfolksaremultiplied,wheretherespecttheworldpaysderivesfromthemeritsofcivilization,andwherepersonaluniquenessissecured.

Section2:GlobalReading1Thisday,devotedtothememoryofRobertFrost,offersanopportunityforreflectionwhichisprizedbypoliticiansaswellasbyothersandevenbypoets.ForRobertFrostwasoneofthegranitefiguresofourtimeinAmerica.Hewassupremelytwothings—anartistandanAmerican.2Anationrevealsitselfnotonlybythemenitproduces,alsobythemenithonors,themenitremembers.Section3:DetailedReadingTheArtistinAmericaQUESTIONSection3:DetailedReading3

InAmericaourheroeshavecustomarilyruntomenoflargeaccomplishments.Buttodaythiscollegeandcountryhonorsaman[3]

whosecontributionwasnottooursizebuttoourspirit;nottoourpoliticalbeliefsbuttoourinsight;nottoourself-esteem,buttoourself-comprehension.4[4]

InhonoringRobertFrostwethereforecanpayhonortothedeepestsourcesofournationalstrength.Thatstrengthtakesmanyformsandthemostobviousformsarenotalwaysthemostsignificant.Section3:DetailedReading5Themenwhocreatepowermakeanindispensablecontributiontothenation’sgreatness.[5]

Butthemenwhoquestionpowermakeacontributionjustasindispensable,especiallywhenthatquestioningis

disinterested.6[6]

Fortheydeterminewhetherweusepowerorpowerusesus.

[7]

Ournationalstrengthmatters;butthespiritwhich

informs

andcontrolsourstrengthmattersjustasmuch.ThiswasthespecialsignificanceofRobertFrost.QUESTIONSection3:DetailedReading7[8]

Hebroughtan

unsparing

instinctforrealityto

bearon

theplatitudesandpieties

ofsociety.

[9]

Hissenseofthehumantragedy

fortified

himagainstself-deceptionandeasy

consolation.8[10

“Ihavebeen,”hewrote,“one

acquaintedwith

thenight.”9[11Andbecauseheknewthemidnightaswellasthehighnoon,becauseheunderstoodtheordealaswellasthetriumphofthehumanspirit,hegavehisagestrengthwithwhichtoovercomedespair.QUESTION10

Atbottomheheldadeepfaithinthespiritofman.Andit’shardlyanaccidentthatRobertFrostcoupledpoetryandpower.[12]

Forhesawpoetryasthemeansofsavingpowerfromitself.11

Whenpowerleadsmantowardarrogance,poetryremindshimofhislimitations.Whenpowernarrowstheareasofman’sconcern,poetryremindshimoftherichnessanddiversityofhisexistence.Whenpowercorrupts,poetrycleanses.Section3:DetailedReadingQUESTIONSection3:DetailedReading12

Forartestablishesthebasichumantruthswhichmustserveasthetouchstonesofourjudgment.[13]

Theartist,howeverfaithfultohispersonalvisionofreality,becomesthelast

champion

oftheindividualmindandsensibilityagainstanintrusivesocietyandan

officious

state.13

Thegreatartististhusasolitaryfigure.Hehas,asFrostsaid,[14]“alover’squarrelwiththeworld.”Inpursuinghisperceptionsofrealityhemustoftensailagainstthecurrentsofhistime.Thisisnotapopularrole.QUESTIONSection3:DetailedReading14

[15]

IfRobertFrostwasmuchhonoredduringhislifetime,itwasbecauseagoodmanypreferredtoignorehisdarkertruths.15

[16]

Yetinretrospectwe

seehowtheartist’sfidelityhasstrengthenedthe

fiberofournationallife.

[17]

Ifsometimesourgreatartistshavebeenthemostcriticalofoursocietyitisbecausetheirsensitivityandtheirconcernforjustice,whichmustmotivateanytrueartist,makeshimawarethatournation

fallsshortof

itshighestpotential.QUESTIONSection3:DetailedReading16

Iseelittleofmoreimportancetothefutureofourcountryandourcivilizationthanfullrecognitionoftheplaceoftheartist.Ifartistonourishtherootsofourculture,societymustsettheartistfreetofollowhisvisionwhereverittakeshim.17

Wemustneverforgetthatartisnotaformofpropaganda;itisaformoftruth.AndasMr.(Archibald)MacLeishonceremarkedofpoets,[19]“Thereisnothingworseforourtradethantobe

instyle.” Section3:DetailedReading18

[20]

Infreesocietyartisnotaweaponanditdoesnotbelongtothesphereof

polemics

andideology.

[21]

Artistsarenotengineersofthesoul.19

Itmaybedifferentelsewhere.[22]

Butdemocraticsociety—init—thehighestdutyofthewriter,thecomposer,theartististoremaintruetohimselfandto

letthechipsfallwheretheymay.QUESTIONSection3:DetailedReading20

Inservinghisvisionofthetruththeartistbestserveshisnation.AndthenationwhichdisdainsthemissionofartinvitesthefateofRobertFrost’shiredman—[23]“thefateofhavingnothingtolookbackwardtowithprideandnothingtolookforwardtowithhope.”21

IlookforwardtoagreatfutureforAmerica—[24]

afutureinwhichourcountrywillmatchitsmilitarystrengthwithourmoral

restraint,itswealthwithourwisdom,itspowerwithourpurpose.Section3:DetailedReading22

IlookforwardtoanAmericawhichwillnotbeafraidofgraceandbeauty,whichwillprotectthebeautyofournaturalenvironment,whichwillpreservethegreatoldAmericanhousesandsquaresandparksofournationalpastandwhichwillbuildhandsomeandbalancedcitiesforourfuture.23

IlookforwardtoanAmericawhichwillrewardachievementintheartsaswerewardachievementinbusinessorstatecraft.Section3:DetailedReading24

IlookforwardtoanAmericawhichwillsteadilyraisethestandardsofartisticaccomplishmentandwhichwillsteadilyenlargeculturalopportunitiesforallofourcitizens.25

IlookforwardtoanAmericawhichcommandsrespectthroughouttheworldnotonlyforitsstrengthbutforitscivilizationaswell.26

AndIlookforwardtoaworldwhichwillbesafenotonlyfordemocracyanddiversitybutalsoforpersonaldistinction.

QUESTIONSection3:DetailedReading

27

[25]RobertFrostwasoftenskepticalaboutprojectsforhumanimprovement.YetIdonotthinkhewoulddisdainthishope.

28

[26]

AshewroteduringtheuncertaindaysoftheSecondWar:

[27]

Takehumannaturealtogethersincetimebegan,…

Anditmustbealittlemoreinfavorofman,

Sayafractionofonepercentattheveryleast,…

Ourholdontheplanetwouldn’thavesoincreased.

29

BecauseofMr.Frost’slifeandwork,becauseofthelifeandworkofthiscollege,ourholdonthisplanethasincreased.QUESTIONACTIVITYSection3:DetailedReadingWhyare“politicians,”“others”and“poets”arrangedinthisorder?(Paragraph1)“Politicians”refertothegroupofpeopleelectedtoleadthemajorityandthereforeshouldhaveagreatersenseofresponsibilityandamorefar-reachinginsight;“others”refertothegeneralpublicwhoarethemajorityofsocietyenjoyinganintelligenceandinsightoftheaveragelevel;“poets”refertotheartistsorthespiritualeliteofsociety,suchasRobertFrost,whoaregiftedwithaninsightevenmorepenetratingthanthatofthepoliticiansinacquiringSection3:DetailedReadingprofoundunderstandingofvarioussocialphenomenainhumanhistoryandinpointingouttherightdirectionofthedevelopmentofhumancivilization.Thespeakerplaces“poets”attheendsoastoemphasizetheimportantroletheyplayinhumansociety.Fromthisphrasewecanhaveaglimpseofthemajorthemeofthisspeech,thatis,toensureabrightfuture,peopleshouldpayhigherrespecttospiritualstrengththantomaterialstrength.

Section3:DetailedReadingInwhatpossibleaspectsmaypowerbequestioned?(Paragraph5)Peoplemayraisequestionsaboutpowersuchaswhetherpowerisdevelopinghealthily,whetherpoweristheforceofjustice,whetherpowerhasbeenabused,orwhetherthewell-beingofpeoplehasbeencorruptedbypower.Section3:DetailedReadingHowdoesKennedydescribethecontributionofRobertFrost?(Paragraphs3-6)AccordingtoJohnF.Kennedy,thecontributionofRobertFrosttothenationisnotthatheincreasedthenationalpowerinitsobviousorsuperficialform,butthathecontributedtothedeepestsourcesofstrength,orspirit,ofthenation.Mostspecifically,hehadquestionedpowerofthenationandtheuseofit,which,accordingtoKennedy,hasplacedpowerwellundercontrolandhelpedpreventthenationfrombeingsubjecttoitsownpower.

Section3:DetailedReadingHowdoyouunderstand“thehumantragedy”inthisspecificcontext?(Paragraph7)

Onephilosophicalexplanationhasitthat,likealllivingspecies,humansareendowedwithacertainnumberofphysiologicalandsocialneeds:theneedforfood,rest,securityandsoon.Theseneedsarequiteeasilysatisfied.However,wehumanshaveanadditionalneed,lackinginallotherspecies,foranoverarchingmeaningoflife.Thisneedcanneverbesatisfiedunlesswedeceiveourselves.Wecanthuseitherdeludeourselvesintobeliefinafalsemeaningoflife,orwecanremainhonestandrealizethatlifeismeaningless.Allhumanendeavorseemsultimatelyfutileorevendisastrous.

Section3:DetailedReadingWhatistherelationship,accordingtoKennedy,betweenpoetryandpower?(Paragraphs10-11)WhilesayingthatFrostcoupledpoetryandpower,KennedyarguedthatpoetryhadbeenusedbyFrostasameanstosavepowerfromself-destruction.Itisbecausepoetryestablishesbasichumanvalueswhichstopthestatefromabusingitspower.

Section3:DetailedReadingWhyisanartistasolitaryfigure?(Paragraph13)

AccordingtoRobertFrost,hehimselfwasaloveroftheworldwhoquarreledwithit,sinceittendedtorunagainsthisvisionofreality.Itseemsthatanartististryingtomaketheworldrightbyhimselfwhiletherestoftheworldisgoinginthewrongdirection.Probablyitisbecauseheistheonlypersonwhohasdetectedthedarktruththatthepublicfailtonoticeorevendeny.

Section3:DetailedReadingWhatarethespiritualfeaturesembodiedinthe“artist?”(Paragraph12-15)

Theimageof“artist”inthisspeechistheembodimentofloftyidealandpenetratinginsight.Heistheonewhohashispersonalvisionofrealityandisthelastdefenderoftheindividualmindandsensibilityagainstanintrusivesocietyandanofficiousstate.Heisasober-mindedobserverinwhomthehopeofsocietylies.

Section3:DetailedReadingHowshouldanationtreatitsartists?Why?(Paragraphs16-19)

AccordingtoKennedy,itisofutmostimportanceforanationtorecognizetheplaceofartists,becauseartnourishestherootsofitsculture.Forthatpurpose,anationmustletanartistfollowhisowntruevision.Inaddition,anationmustrewardtheachievementsofartistsasitrewardsthoseofbusinessmenandstatesmen.

Section3:DetailedReadingHowdoyouunderstandthatdemocracy,diversityandespeciallypersonaldistinctioncanguaranteethesecurityofhumansociety?(Paragraph26)

Democracymeansmajorityrule,whichisamostvalidapproachtothestabilityofsociety.Diversitymeansthedifferenceamongpeople,towhichifwepayourduerespect,alotofconflictsorwarsintheworldcanbeavoided.Bothofthem,onebeingapoliticalsystemandtheotherbeingamoralprinciple,areexteriorforceswesetuptoguaranteethesecurityofhumansociety.Therecanactuallybeamore

Section3:DetailedReadingfundamentalandefficientwayofattainingthesamepurpose,thatis,toencourageeveryonetothinkdifferently.Ifthiscouldbeachieved,onewouldnotbeeasilycajoled,oragitated,ormanipulatedtobethetoolofanywickedpower.Theworldcanthusremaininsecurity.

Itmeansthat,althoughFrostquestionedthemovementsoftheworld,hewasconfidentinthegeneralimprovementofhumanbeings.Althoughthereisaforceinnature,includinghumannature,thatmaydestroyman,thereisstillhopethatmanmayflourishwhichisevidencedbytheincreasingpopulation.ItiswithsuchanawarenessoftheharshfactsoftheworldandafirmoptimisminthefateofhumanbeingsthatRobertFrostwasatworktoprovidethenationwith,inthewordsofKennedy,moralrestrainttomatchitsmilitarypower,wisdomtomatchitswealth,andapurposetomatchitspower.

Section3:DetailedReadingWhatdoesthepoemthatFrost“wroteduringtheuncertaindaysoftheSecondWar”mean?(Paragraphs27-28)Section3:DetailedReadingInsummary,whatisJohnF.Kennedy’svisionofAmerica?Tosumup,hisideaisthatAmericashouldturnitselfintoacountrywhichenjoyshighmoralstandard,withloftyuseofitswealthandmilitarystrength,soastomakeremarkablecontributionstoenhancingthelevelofcivilizationofthewholehumankind.

1) Inasense,poetryprevailsoverpowerinthat“whenpowernarrowstheareasofman’sconcern,poetryremindshimoftherichnessanddiversityofhisexistence.”Nowlistentoasong“PoetryandPower”andthenform4-membergroupstodiscussthefollowingquestions.Howdoespoetrypossessthepowerthatismorethanpower?Couldyoufigureoutsomereasonsbasedonyourownunderstanding?LYRICSSection3:DetailedReadingAUDIOClassDiscussionsThisisnostalgia/Andonlythehero/Fightsformeandyoudearlistener/Youleaveoldmemories/Andsuchthingsdisgustme/Stormthedoor,Imustgetout/Poetryandpower/Iceandfire/Thisispoetryandpower/Poetryandpower/Iceandfire/Thisispoetryandpower/You’reworsethanmirrors/Areyoureflecting/Idon’tknow/Allthishelpleavesmecold/Thisisconfusingmeagain/Imustgetout/PoetryandPower/IceandFire/Thisispoetryandpower/IceandFireThisispoetryandpower/Yourpoetryispower/Youricebecomesfire/Allthingsdisgustyou/Andyouarethelistener/Aherodiesforme/Imustgetout/Thisispoetryandpower/Yourpoetryispower/Youricebecomesfire/Thisispoetryandpower

Section3:DetailedReadingSection3:DetailedReadingImaginethatyouwereappointedpresidentofChina.Deliveraspeechentitled“MyVisionofChina”beforetheclass.RobertLeeFrost(1874-1963)wasanAmericanpoet.HisworksfrequentlydrewinspirationfromrurallifeinNewEngland,usingthesettingtoexplorecomplexsocialandphilosophicalthemes.Apopularandoften-quotedpoet,Frostwashighlyhonoredduringhislifetime,receivingfourPulitzerPrizes.Threeofhisbest-knownpoemsareTheRoadNotTaken,StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening(containingtheline“AndmilestogobeforeIsleep”),andMendingWall(thesourceoftheline“Goodfencesmakegoodneighbors”).FrostreadhispoemTheGiftOutrightatthe1961inaugurationofJohnF.Kennedy.Frostpreferredtraditionalrhymeandmeterinpoetry;hisfamousdismissaloffreeversewas,“I’djustassoonplaytenniswiththenetdown.” Section3:DetailedReadingSection3:DetailedReadingSection3:DetailedReadingRobertFrostreadinghispoematPresidentKennedy’sInaugurationSection3:DetailedReadingprize:v.

tothinkthatsb.orsth.isveryimportantorvaluablee.g.Heissomeonewhoprizestruthanddecencyaboveallthings.Thecompany’sshoesarehighlyprizedbyfashionconsciousyoungsters.Section3:DetailedReadingPractice:Translatethefollowingsentences.1)所有财产中他最看重的是他的新车。〔=Heprizedhisnewcaraboveallhisotherpossessions.〕2)用铅做的军人塑像很受收藏者们青睐。〔=Militaryfiguresmadeoutofleadareprizedbycollectors.〕Synonym:appreciateSection3:DetailedReadinggranite:n.

averyhardgreyrock,oftenusedinbuilding,butinthespecifictextthewordisusedmetaphorically,meaningsteadfastness,unyieldingendurancee.g.biteongranite徒劳无功awillofgranite坚决的信念Transformation:granitica.e.g.agraniticfistSection3:DetailedReadingSection3:DetailedReadingsupremely:ad.

Youusesupremelytoemphasizethegreatnessofaqualityorthing.e.g.asupremelytalentedplayersupremelyconfidentSynonym:extremelyTransformation:supremea.e.g.supremecourageinthefaceofterribledangerHerapprovalwasofsupremeimportance.Section3:DetailedReadingrevealoneself(as/tobesth.):tomakeknownsth.thatwaspreviouslysecretorunknowne.g.Godhasrevealedhimselftousthroughhismarvelouscreations.Theviolinistrevealedhimselfasatalentedinterpreterofclassicalmusic.Section3:DetailedReadingReferringtoAmherstCollegewhereRobertFrostlecturedandbecameanEnglishprofessor.Hestayedwiththecollege,workingasJohnWoodruffSimpsonLecturerfromtimetotime,andwonhonoraryacademicdegreesandtitlesfromthecollege.Heevencelebratedhis80thbirthdayatthecollege.In1962,AmherstannounceditsnewlibrarytobenamedforFrost,whowaspresentattheannouncement.Section3:DetailedReadingRobertFrostLibrarySection3:DetailedReadingdisinterested:a.abletojudgeasituationfairlybecauseyouarenotconcernedwithgaininganypersonaladvantagefromite.g.Alawyershouldprovidedisinterestedadvice.Adisinterestedthirdpartymediatedinthedispute.Synonym:objective,

impartial,unbiasedSection3:DetailedReadinginform:

v.

Ifasituationoractivityisinformedbyanideaoraquality,thatideaorqualityisverynoticeableinit.

e.g.Herexperienceasarefugeeinformsthecontentofherlatestnovel.HisCatholicupbringinginformsallhiswriting.Section3:DetailedReadingPractice:Translatethefollowingsentences.1)在他的著作中充满着对自然的爱。〔=Aloveofnatureinformedhiswriting.〕2)所有动听的歌曲无不弥漫着某种伤感。〔=Allgreatsongsareinformedbyacertainsadness.〕Section3:DetailedReadingTransformation:informativea.

providingmanyusefulfactsorideas

informeda.

havingalotofknowledgeorinformationaboutaparticularsubjectorsituation;basedoninformationinformationala.

relatingtoorhavingthenatureofinformationinformationn.

factsordetailsthattellyousomethingaboutasituation,person,event,etc.informantn.

apersonwhogivesinformationtothepoliceaboutsecretorcriminalactivities[=informer]Section3:DetailedReadingPractice:Fillintheblanksofthefollowingsentenceswiththerightwords:Thepolicewerealertedtotheplotbyapaid__________.__________sourcessaiditwaslikelythatthePresidentwouldmakeatelevisedstatement.Thebookcontains____________aboutawidevarietyofsubjects.Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionsto_____________needsbecomecomplicated.Thisisan____________andentertainingbook.informantInformedinformationinformationalinformativeSection3:DetailedReadingunsparing:a.

veryharshorseveree.g.Theproofoftrueloveistobeunsparingincriticism.Onlybyreadingbetweenthelinescanonefollowtheunsparinganalysisbeneaththeimperturbablesurface.Section3:DetailedReadingPractice:Translatethefollowingsentences.1)78岁的巴菲特是全球首富之一，以自我批判从不留情知名。〔=78-year-oldBuffettisoneoftheworld’srichestmen,whoiswell-knownforhisunsparingself-criticism.〕2)她对演技精益求精一丝不苟。〔=Sheisunsparinginherdemandsforperfectioninacting.〕Section3:DetailedReadingbringsth.tobearon:Ifyoubringsomethingtobearonasituation,youuseittodealwiththatsituation.But，ifyoubringsomethingsuchasinfluence/pressuretobearonsomeone,youuseittotryandpersuadethemtodosomething.e.g.Wemustbringallourenergytobearontheearthquakerelief.Hiscompanybroughtpressuretobearonhim,urginghimtostopwastingmoney.Section3:DetailedReadingPractice:Translatethefollowingsentences.1)他运用他的全部经验与机智来解决这个新问题。〔=Hebroughtallhisexperienceandingenuitytobearonthisnewproblem.〕2)必须造成强大的声势以促使政府削减税收。〔=Astronginfluencemustbebroughttobearonthegovernmenttoreducetaxes.〕Section3:DetailedReadingplatitude:n.

astatementthathasbeenmademanytimesbeforeandisnotinterestingorclever,usedtoshowdisapprovale.g.Hisexcusewastheplatitude“boyswillbeboys.”Hisspeechwasfilledwithfamiliarplatitudesaboutthevalueofhardworkanddedication.Transformation:platitudinousa.Section3:DetailedReadingpiety:

n.

dutifuldevotiontoGodandobservanceofreligiousprinciplese.g.anactofChristianpietyHewasadmiredforhisextremepiety.Transformation:piousa.Section3:DetailedReadingfortify:v.

tomakestronge.g.Herpositionwasfortifiedbyelectionsuccessesandeconomicrecovery.Theyfortifythedamagainsttheflood.Practice:Translatethefollowingsentences.1)经常慢跑，可以防病健身。〔=Joggingregularlyhelpstofortifythebodyagainstdisease.〕2)祈祷之后他面对困难的勇气增强了。〔=Afterpraying