高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧

常春藤教育：长期开设株洲中小学各科一带一、一带二特辅，10人内精品小班地址：株洲市芦淞区三三一爱尔眼科医院旁常春藤教育咨询：28256370阅读理解题型及解题技巧1.细节理解2.猜测词义

3.推理判断4.主旨大意5.观点态度6.篇章结构题型及解题技巧123456主旨大意细节理解观点态度篇章结构推理判断猜测词义阅读技巧细节理解本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。常见问题形式有：Whichofthefollowingistrue/falseexcept…?Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept…三正一误三误一正1.Accordingtothepassage,who/what/

which/when/Where/why/how/howmany/howmuch/howlong/Howsoon/howoften,etc.?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?3.Accordingtothepassage,WhichofthefollowingIsnotmentioned?4.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT___.5.Inthepassagethewritestatesthat____.6.Choosethebestorderinwhichthepeopledo________.2.定义；3.比较；４.年代与数字5.原因和结果此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。SampleIHooverDamlies______.A.betweenArizonaandNevada

B.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco D.bothAandBThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.……

ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.2.定义；3.比较；４.年代与数字5.原因和结果此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。HooverDamlies______.A.betweenArizonaandNevada

B.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco D.bothAandBSampleISampleIIWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.

B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.

C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，…

BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.SampleIIWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.

B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.

C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.movedMissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，…

BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.takenAccordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis

.A．greenhousegasemissions[i5miFEn]散发

inindustrializednationsB．highersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaC．continuousglobalwarming D．risingsealevelsSampleII…reportedtotheEarthPolicyInstitutethatthenationsufferedanunusauallyhighnumberoffiercestormsinthepasttenyears.Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.connecttoAccordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis

.A．greenhousegasemissions[i5miFEn]散发

inindustrializednationsB．highersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaC．continuousglobalwarming D．risingsealevelsSampleIILaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot

.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsB．signanagreementwithTuvaluC．allowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwererealSampleIIILaupepaexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesforrefusingtosigntheKyotoProtocol,aninternationalagreementcallingforindustrializednationstoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions,whichareamaincauseofglobalwarming.“Byrefusingtosigntheagreement,theUShaseffectivelytakenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluantolivethere,”LaupepatoldtheBBC.LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot

.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsB．signanagreementwithTuvaluC．allowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwererealSampleIII(成心用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生)?JackLondon’slastdayswere______.

A.usualonesB.notpooronesC.richonesD.unhappyonesSampleIVJackLondonwasafamousAmericanwriter.Heburnedhimselfoutwhenhewas40.Hethoughtofhismother,Flora,whohadneverbeenaveryresponsibleperson.Hewassureshewasmentallyillandthathewasbecominglikeher.Atlasthebecametootiredtocare.Hewouldnotworkandcontinuedtospendmoneyhedidnothave.Hewouldnotchangehislife,orhiswriting,perhapshecouldnot.JackLondon’slastdayswere______.

A.usualonesB.notpooronesC.richonesD.unhappyonesSampleIVYouhavetopayatleast______ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000SampleVTuitionFees(学费)

Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment,generallyfrom$5,000to$6,000ayear.Forfurtherinformation:tui@waikato．ac．nz.

Accommodation(住宿)

Youcanhavearoomina4-bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson.Forfurtherinformation:acc@waikato．ac．nz$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费)x12=$8000．Youhavetopayatleast______ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000SampleVWhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkoutstand.A.abdc B.bacdC.acbdD.bcadSampleVPeoplecanuseahomecomputertomaketheirshoppinglists.Onceatthestore,ashoppercanuseapreferredcustomercardtostartasystem(系统)thatwillorganizethetriparoundthestore.Ifyou'relookingfortoothpicks,youtypeinthewordorpickitfromalist,andamapwillappearonthescreenshowingwhereyouareandwhereyoucanfindthem.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkoutstand.A.abdc B.bacdC.acbdD.bcadSampleV猜测词义QuestionForm(1)Theword“…”inLine…means/canbebestreplacedby…(2)Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“…”suggests…(3)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase“…”is/refersto…(4)Theword“…”isclosestinmeaningto…根据解释确定词义技巧11.Socialmobilityisthemovementfromoneclassorleveloflivingtoanother.2.Theotherquestionedtheveracity--–thetruthfulnessofthesereports.社会流动性真实性3.Heisaresoluteman,oncehesetsupa

goal,hewillnotgiveitupeasily.4.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertained

thechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.坚决的变戏法者根据比照确定词义技巧2Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.一片混乱根据逻辑确定词义技巧3Ifyouarecapableofworkingtwelvehoursadaywithoutarest,andifyoucanengageinphysicalexerciseforhourswithoutseemingtogettired,thenyouareindefatigable.不知疲倦的根据上下文情景确定词义技巧4Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans___.AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingoutRainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.根据上下文情景确定词义技巧4Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans___.

AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingoutTrytodothefollowingexercises:根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义1.Theoffspringofapairofbirdsleavethenestwhentheyarebigenoughtofly．

A．childrenB．ancestorsC．generationsD．mates2.ThereisastackofpapersonMr.Green’sdesk．

A．pieceB．balanceC．mixtureD．pile3.Beforeyoubuysomething，checkthe

qualityfirst．Forexample,ifitischeap,itmightnotbegood．

A．howgooditisB．whatthecolorisC．whatthesizeisD．howbigitis4.Pleasegivemeyourrecipeforthiscake，

soIcanmakeittoo．

A．adishB．directionsforcookingC．amealD．directionstoyourhouse5.Beforeababylearnstowalk,ithasto

crawlonthefloor．

A．walkontwofeetB．flyC．sitinachairD．moveonthehandsandknees6.Mr.Brownisanamateur

photographer．Heisanengineer．Butinhisfreetimehelikestotakepictures．

A.asahobbyB．formoneyC．asajobD．aswork7.ThissmallChristmastreeismadeofplastic．Itisnotarealtree．Itis

artificial．

A.beautifulB.notnaturalC.foraspecialholidayD．inanartmuseum8.whalesandelephantsaregigantic

animals．Nootheranimalscancomparewiththeminsize．

A.smallB．landC．seaD．huge9.Thekiwilaysthelargesteggsintheworld.Thestrangethingaboutthekiwiisthatitcannotfly．

A·akindoffishB．akindofcatC.akindofrockD．akindofbird10.SomeAfricanscarvebeautifulhumanandanimalfiguresoutofwood．Theyselltheircarvingstostoresandmuseums．

A．drawB．beatC．heatD．cut11.Chickenpoxcanbeveryseriousforachildwhoisnotingoodhealth．Thechilddevelopsredspots，andfeelshotanduncomfortable．Ahealthychildgetswellquickly．

A．akindofanimalB．akindoffoodC．akindofchildhooddiseaseD．alackofpurewater12.Alishowedtheclassapictureofhim,hiswife，andtheirbaby．Pierre'sfamilyhaslivedintheeastofCanadafortwohundredyears．TheirancestorscamefromFrance．

A.familymembersfromalongtimeagoB.grandparentsandtheirgrandchildrenC.parents,grandparentsandgreat-grandparentsD．familymembersalllivingatthesametime推理判断1.不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有同义词解释的选项。2.不选事实细节选项3.不选非事实选项4.选概括性/哲理性的选项技巧常见问题形式:1.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat______2.Thepassagesuggests/impliesthat____3.Bythefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthormeans_____4.Wecanconcludethat_________.5.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat_____.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?1.Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought___________.A.shewasyoungB.itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC.shewasbeautifulD.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause___________.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuchWhentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,”Areyousingle?"“Why,yes."Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother."shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?"1.Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought___________.A.shewasyoungB.itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC.shewasbeautifulD.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause___________.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuch1.Accordingtothemessenger'sanswer,thevisitorcanconcludethat_________A.Themessengerlivesonthewesternsideoftheislandbecausehetellsthetruth.B.themessengerlivesontheeasternsideoftheislandbecausehisanswermaybealie.C.it'shardtodeterminewhetherthemessengerisatruthtellerornot.D.themessengerprobablylivesinthewesternsideoftheislandbecausehisanswermaybetrue.Sample22.Thenativeinthedistancesayshelivesonthewesternsideoftheisland.Accordingtohisanswer,whichconclusionofthefollowingiswrong?A.Hemayliveontheeasternsideoftheisland.B.Hemayliveonthewesternsideoftheisland.C.Hemaybetellingthetruth.D.Hecan'tbetellingthetruth.Avisitorvisitsanislandwheretwotribeslive.Onetribealwaystellsthetruthandtheotheralwayslies.Thetruthtellersliveonthewesternsideoftheisland,andthosewholieliveontheeasternside.Thevisitorwantstodeterminewhetherthenativebesidehimisatruthtellerornotbyaskingonlyonequestion.Heasksthenative,”Goandaskthenativeinthedistancewhichsideoftheislandheliveson.”Whenthemessengerreturns,hesays,"Hesaidhelivesonthewesternsideoftheisland."Isthemessengeratruthtellerornot?Howcanthevisitorbesure?1.Accordingtothemessenger'sanswer,thevisitorcanconcludethat_________A.Themessengerlivesonthewesternsideoftheislandbecausehetellsthetruth.B.themessengerlivesontheeasternsideoftheislandbecausehisanswermaybealie.C.it'shardtodeterminewhetherthemessengerisatruthtellerornot.D.themessengerprobablylivesinthewesternsideoftheislandbecausehisanswermaybetrue.Sample22.Thenativeinthedistancesayshelivesonthewesternsideoftheisland.Accordingtohisanswer,whichconclusionofthefollowingiswrong?A.Hemayliveontheeasternsideoftheisland.B.Hemayliveonthewesternsideoftheisland.C.Hemaybetellingthetruth.D.Hecan'tbetellingthetruth.1.Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater?A.Tomakeithard.B.Tomakeitsoft.C.Tomakeitcool.D.Tomakeitbrittle.2.Inannealing,therequiredhardnessofmetaldependson__.A.thequantityofwaterusedB.thetemperatureofthemetalC.thesoftnessofthemetalD.thetimingoftheoperationSample33.Assuggestedbythetext,howcanglassbemadelessbrittle?A.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledquickly.B.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedslowly.C.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledslowly.D.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedquickly.Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.Ifmetalisheatedandthencooledveryquickly,forexamplebydipping(浸)itinwater,itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.Metalthathasbeenannealedissoftbutdoesnotbreakaseasily.Itispossibletomakemetalashardorassoftasitiswished,byannealingit.Themetalisheated,andallowedtocoolslowlyforacertainlengthoftime.Thelongertheheatedmetaltakestocoolslowly,thesofteritbecomes.Annealingcanalsobeusedonothermaterial,suchasglass.1.Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater?A.Tomakeithard.B.Tomakeitsoft.C.Tomakeitcool.D.Tomakeitbrittle.2.Inannealing,therequiredhardnessofmetaldependson___________.A.thequantityofwaterusedB.thetemperatureofthemetalC.thesoftnessofthemetalD.thetimingoftheoperationSample33.Assuggestedbythetext,howcanglassbemadelessbrittle?A.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledquickly.B.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedslowly.C.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledslowly.D.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedquickly.主旨大意

考查考生技巧加工与浓缩信息的能力1.标题类常见的题型:1.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe____.2.Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled

.3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?1.Thispassagechieflydealswith____.2.What’sthetopicofthearticle?3.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?4.Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?大意类常见题型Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthe

passageis______.Thepassageismeantto_____Thepurposeofthisarticleis_______目的主旨大意常见题型主题句呈现的形式A.文首提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或开展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式。1.Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.Sample1Sample2Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.B.文尾

在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.C.文中通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或符合逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或开展。Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.

C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation..JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.

C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.观点和态度理解作者的观点和态度题：既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。假设你是作者，你为什么要写本文？此类考题的主要形式：1.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis______.2.Thetextdiscussesmenandwomen50,000yearsfromnowinordertoshowthat_____.识别三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。注意：贬义：disgust,critical,negative,

tolerant,disappointment褒义:

positive,wonder,support,useful,interesting,enthusiasm,admiring…中立:

indifferent,impassive,uninterested,ambivalent,neutral,apathetic,humor,disinterested,disinterestTheauthorappears___modernadvertising.

A.tolikeB.tobeindifferenttoC.todislikeD.toknowhowtodealwithe.g.Oneofthemostauthoritativevoicesspeakingtoustodayis,ofcourse,thevoiceoftheadvertisers.