高一英语牛津译林版（2020）必修一课时作业（11）Unit4LookinggoodGrammarusageIntegratedskills

20202021学年高一英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第一册同步课时作业（11）Unit4Grammarusage&Integratedskills一、填空1.Awoman_____(attack)androbbedbyagangofyouthsnearthetrainstationjustnow.2.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment____

theylive.3.Tomyanger,thethiefstoleeverythinginmypurse,__________________(include)mycreditcard.4.Weshouldprotectourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted__________________(enjoy)ablueskyandliveahealthylife.5.Hewenttohospitaltohaveasmall_________________(operate)onhiskneelastweek.6.Overthelastfewdecades,economicglobalizationhasc_________________greatlytoglobalgrowth.7.Ina_________________tohismoviework,Redfordisknownasachampionofenvironmentalcauses.8.Mybeingunabletoconcentrateisstartingtohavean_________________effectonmystudy.9.Any_______(数量),greatorsmall,willbeappreciated.10."Everytimewehaveavotelikethis,itratchetsupthep______,"hesaid.11.Letthislist,butnotyour________(时间表),betherulerofyourday.12.Speakfromtheheartaboutyourfeelingswithouta______orblame.13.Butthelengthof______​(治疗)dependsontheproblem.14.Notonlythat,butitalsofocusesyourthoughtsonthen___________.15.Itwillremainanindeliblestainonhis______(记忆).二、阅读理解

What'syouropiniononspicyfood?Somepeoplecannothandleeventhesmallestamountofthechili(辣椒)intheirdinnerwhileotherscan'tgetenoughofit.

Scientistshavelongbeenpuzzledbywhysomepeoplelovechilieswhileothersloathethem.Plentyofresearchhasbeendoneonthesubject,datingasfarbackasthe1970s.Previousresultsshowedthataloveofchiliesisrelatedtochildhoodexperiences,andculturalinfluencesaffectourtastebuds,too.Butthelateststudyhasfoundthataperson'sloveofspicyfoodmaybelinkedtohisorherpersonalitymorethananythingelse,CBCNewsreported.

"Wehavealwaysassumedthatlikingdrivesintake一weeatwhatwelikeandwelikewhatweeat.Butnoonehasactuallydirectlybotheredtoconnectthesepersonalitytraits(特点)withtheintakeofchilipeppers,"saidProfessorJohnHayesfromPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,wholedthestudy.

Butbeforeyoulookatthestudy,youshouldfirstknowthat"spicy"isnotataste,unlikesour,sweet,bitterandsalty.Itis,infact,aburningsensationthatyoufeelonthesurfaceofyourtongue.Thisgotscientiststhinkingthatmaybealoveofspicyfoodisbroughtaboutbypeople'slongingforthrills,somethingtheyusuallygetfromwatchingactionmoviesorridingarollercoaster.

Inthestudy,97participants,bothmaleandfemale,wereaskedtofilloutquestionnairesaboutcertaintraitsoftheirpersonalities,forexample,whethertheylikenewexperiencesortendtoavoidrisks.Theywerethengivencupsofwaterwithcapsaicin,theplantchemicalthatmakeschiliesburn,mixedintothem.

Byparingtheanswerstothequestionnairesandwhatparticipantssaidtheyfeltaboutthespicywater,researchersfoundthatthosewhoweremosttendedtoenjoyactionmoviesortakeriskswereaboutsixtimesmorelikelytoenjoythespicywater.

Interestingly,weusedtobelievethatthereasonwhysomepeoplecanwithstandspicyfoodisthattheirtongueshavebeelesssensitivetoit.However,thislateststudyhasfoundotherwise."It'snotthatitdoesn'tburnasbadly,butit'sthatyouactuallylearntoliketheburn,"explainedHayes.1.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"loathe"inthesecondparagraph?

A.Dislike. B.Fear. C.Putupwith. D.Adaptto.

2.WhatdidProfessorJohnHayesandhisteamdiscoverfromtheirstudy?

A.Whatweeatactuallyhelpstodevelopourpersonalities.

B.Malesaremorelikelytoenjoyspicyfoodthanfemales.

C.Thosetryingtoavoidriskstendtobelessinterestedinspicyfood.

D.Peoplearewrongtotreatspicyasakindoftasteratherthanafeeling.

3.Whydosomepeoplelikespicyfoodaccordingtotherecentstudy?

A.Becausetheirtastebudshavebeelesssensitive.

B.Becausetheylovetheburningsensation.

C.Becausetheywanttochallengethemselves.

D.Becausethemoretheytryspicyfood,thelessitburns.

4.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Hisorherparents'dietsdecidehisorherpersonality.

B.Thelateststudyshowswhetherapersonenjoysspicyfoodlargelydependshisorherpersonality.

C.Hisorherchildhoodexperiencesdecidehisorherpersonality.

D.Hisorherculturalbackgrounddecideshisorherpersonality.三、语法填空

Developingtablemanners

①____(be)oneoftheearlieststepsparentscantakeinteachingandshowinggoodbehaviortotheirchildren.paredwithfamiliesthatseldomeattogether,familiesthateattogethermostdaysoftheweektendtobe②____(healthy).

Expertsholdthebelief

③____teachingtablemannerscanstartwhenachildiseatingindependentlyoutofthehighchairoroldenoughtositatthetable.Tablemanners

④____(teach)intheearlystagesincludeteachingkidstoavoidreachingacrossthetable,eatingfromtheirownplates,andsaying"please"and"thankyou".

Familymealsprovidegoodchances

⑤____(show)andteachgoodmanners.Kidscanbetaughttopolitelysayitwhentheydon'tlikesomething.Also,youngkidsoftencan'tsitthewholemeal,butcanlearntoproperlydismiss

⑥____(they),ratherthaninterruptthemeal.Besides,nevercorrectmannersin

⑦____inappropriatewayandexplaintokidswhyyoupracticemanners,suchaswhywechew

⑧____ourmouthclosed.In

⑨____(add),everyoneatthetableshouldbeallowedtobepartofapositiveconversation.Keepitlightheartedand

⑩____(interest)andtalkaboutpositivethingsatthetable.答案以及解析一1.答案：wasattacked解析：句意为：一位女士在火车站附近遭到了一伙少年袭击和抢劫。主语Awoman和attack之间构成被动关系且动作发生在过去，因此用wasattacked。2.答案：where解析：分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,指代先行词environment,并在定语从句中作地点状语,因此填关系副词where.3.答案：including解析：考查介词。句意:令我生气的是,小偷偷走了我钱包里的所有东西,包括我的信用卡。根据句意可知,这里表示"包括……在内",故填including。includingsth.=sth.included。4.答案：toenjoy解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:我们应该保护我们的环境免受污染,以享受蓝天并过一种健康的生活。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。5.答案：operation解析：考查词形转换。句意:上周他去医院去给膝盖做了个小手术。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处应用名词,意为"手术",故填operation。6.答案：contributed7.答案：addition8.答案：negative9.答案：amount10.答案：pressure11.答案：schedule解析：12.答案：attack解析：13.答案：treatment解析：14.答案：negative解析：15.答案：memory解析：二.答案：14:ACBB解析：1.词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Scientistshavelongbeenpuzzledbywhysomepeoplelovechilieswhileothersloathethem.可知科学家们对于为什么一些人很喜欢辣椒而其他人很不喜欢辣椒感到很困惑,根据while可知前后为对比关系,loathe与love为反义词,意为"不喜欢",所以A选项是正确的。

2.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的researchersfoundthatthosewhoweremosttendedtoenjoyactionmoviesortakeriskswereaboutsixtimesmorelikelytoenjoythespicywater可知,研究人员发现那些喜欢冒险的人更喜欢辣椒水,由此可知不喜欢冒险的人不喜欢辣味食物,所以C选项是正确的。

3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的infact,aburningsensationthatyoufeelonthesurfaceofyourtongue可知辣味的食物会给舌头带来燃烧的感觉,以及最后一段中的"It'snotthatitdoesn'tburnasbadly,butit'sthatyouactuallylearntolikethe