高考英语讲义特殊句式

高考英语讲义特殊句式高考英语讲义特殊句式/高考英语讲义特殊句式高考英语讲义教学目的了解倒装、强调句、反义疑问句、主谓一致、省略、it用法上课时间上课时长上课内容特殊句式课次倒装全部倒装（将整个谓语部分放在主语之前）在therebe句型中（其中be还可以换成seem，live，stand，lie，appear，lie，exist，come等动词），要全部倒装Longlongago，therelivedakingwholikedhorsesverymuch.Therearemanypeopledancinginthesquare.Thereseemstohaveaconcertinthehalltomorrow.Thereliesasnakealongthelake.such放句首，句子全部倒装(注意主谓一致，以谓语动词后面的成分来确定的单复）Suchwashislifethen.Suchiswhathewants.Suchwereherbooks.以there，here，now，then，thus等引导的句子中，谓语动词常为be，come，go等，句子全部倒装Theregoesthebell.Herecomesthebus.Thencameanewdifficultquestion.Thereringsthetelephone.以down，up，out，away等表示位置转移的副词位于句首时，句子全部倒装(人称代词出现时，句子不倒装）Upwentthearrowintothesky.Incametheteacher.Awayranthedog.Outrushedthepeoplefromtheirhousewhentheearthquakehappened.Inshecame.Hereyouare.Outitran.(人称代词出现，不倒装）表地点的介词短语放在句首，句子要用倒装Intheclassroomstaysagirl.Onthedeskliesabook.部分倒装（将谓语中的助动词，情态动词，be动词放在主语之前）only+状语（副词，介词短语，状语从句）放在句首，谓语动词部分倒装OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.OnlywhenIcameintothehousedidIrecognizetheman.注：only修饰主语时，句子不用倒装Onlyyoucanfinishthework.so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，句子部分倒装SodidI（我也是）和sohedoes（他确实是）的判断方法〈1〉判断原句正负（一定为正，否定为负）原句为正用so开头，原句为负用neither或nor开头〈2〉判断原句的be/助动词/情态动词（根据时态和人称确定）〈3〉看人称所指一致不一致人称所指一致，用正序；人称所指不一致用倒序〈4〉如果出现第三个人和前面两人的情况相同时，用itisthesamewithsb.如果两者情况都相同时，并且原句为否定，则省略句还可用：主语be/助动词/情态动词+either.Iwentthereyesterday,sodidhe.我昨天去那里了，他也去了。——Tomisagoodstudent.——Soheis.(强调他的却是）SheneverwenttoBeijing.NeitherdidI.（强调我也没去过）否定副词或短语放在句首，句子部分倒装Never，no，hardly，scarcely，barely，seldom，little，not，few,nowhere，rarely，innotime，bynomeans，innocase，under/innocircumstances等NotasinglemistakedidImake.NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.Seldomdoeshegetupearly.复合句型的倒装〈1〉Notuntil提前主倒从不倒陈述语序：Wedidnothavesupperuntilhereturnedhome.倒装语序：Notuntilhereturnedhomedidwehavesupper.〈2〉nosooner……than……/Hardly……when……（一……就）Nosooner+句子部分倒装（过去完成时）than+句子（一般过去时）Hardly+句子部分倒装（过去完成时）when+句子（一般过去时）Nosoonerhadthebellrungthantheteachercamein.Hadlyhadwearrivehomethenthetelephonerang.Nosoonerhadhepickupthepaperthantheownerreachedandaskforit.〈3〉notonly……butalso……（不但……而且……）前倒后不倒Notonlywasheforcedtostayathome,butalsohehadtodohishomework.Notonlyhashearrivedthedestination,butalsohepreparedatableofdeliciousfoodforus.〈4〉so……that……（如此……以至于……）前倒后不到So+形容词+be+主语that……So+副词+助动词+主语+实意动词that……Soclearlydoeshespeakthatweallunderstandwhathesays.Sofastdidherunthatwecannotgowithhim.Sofastdidheridethemotorbikewhenheturnaroundthecornerthathefelldownheavily.〈5〉让步状语从句中，从句部分倒装句型例句名词+as/though+主系,主句Childasheis,heknowsalot.形容词+as/though+主系Youngasheis，hefinishesiteasily.副词+as/though+主谓Hardashehadworked，hefailedtheexam.动词原形+as/though+主助Tryashedid，hefailed.上述句子都可以换成用although或but引导的让步状语从句（陈述句式）：Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Althoughheisyoung,hefinishesiteasily.Althoughhehadworkedhard,hefailedtheexam.Hetried,buthefailed.强调句型1.类型和结构类型结构例句一定Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分Itismyfatherwhoalwaysgivesmemoney.一般疑问句Is/wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分Wasityoursisterwhohelpedyou？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+is/was+itthat+其他成分Wherewasitthattheyboughtthebike？Whatwasitthatmadetheresultchanged其他Itmightbe+被强调部分+that+其他Itmusthavebeen+被强调部分+that+其他ItmightbeTomwhobrokethewindow.ItmusthavebeenTomwhobrokethewindowlastnight.2.Notuntil的强调句型Hedidnotgotobeduntil11o’clock.Itwasnotuntil11o’clockthathewenttobed.比较：陈述句式：Hedidnotgotobeduntilhismothercameback.倒装句式：Notuntilhismothercamebackdidhegotobed.强调句式：Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed.谓语动词的强调Do/does/did+动词原形，可以用来强调谓语动词表示“的却，确实”Idohopeyouwillstaytolunch.Hedidattendthemeeting.4、强调句和其他句型的区别：（1）强调句和主语从句的区别：Itistherethataccidentsoftenhappens.ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.（2）强调句和定语从句的区别ItisnovelsthatMissWilliamenjoysreading.Itisaquestionthatneedscarefullyconsideration.（3）强调句和状语从句的区别：Itwasat6:00thatIgotuptoday.Itwas6:00whenIgetup.ItwastwoyearsagothatIbegantolearnEnglish.ItwastwoyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.Itwastwoyearsbeforehecamebackfromabroad.Itwastwoyearslaterthathecamebackfromabroad.反意疑问句做反意疑问句的步骤判断陈述部分的正负（正为一定，负为否定认识否定词）否定词：seldom,hardly,never,few,nothing,nobody,nowhere,no,scarcely，barely，little，not，nowhere，rarely，innotime，bynomeans，innocase，under/innocircumstances判断陈述部分需要用的代词反意部分为：be/助动词/情态动词+人称（根据前肯后否，前否后肯的原则）Lucyisagoodstudent,isn’tsheIamthefirstonetocometoschool,aren’tI2、反意疑问句的类型（1）陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句①当must为“必须”时，其反意部分用needn’t，当含有mustn’t（不允许，禁止）时，反意部分用must/may.Youmustgonow,needn’tyouYoumustn’tsmokehere,mustyou/mayyou②当must表推测，为“一定，准是”时(对现在的推测)mustbe,反意部分用be(am/is/are)+n’t+人称代词Hemustbeathome,isn’theYoumustbehungrynow,aren’tyou(对过去的推测)一定用musthavedone否定用can’thavedone有时间状语反意部分用did/didn’t+人称代词反意部分,分两种情况：Youmusthavewatchedthatfootballmatchlastnight,didn’tyou无时间状语反意部分用have/has（n’t）+人称代词Youmusthaveheardaboutit,haven’tyou(2)陈述部分有usedto的反意疑问句，反意部分用usedn’t/didn’t+人称代词Youusedtosleepwiththewindowsopen,usedn’tyou(3)陈述部分有oughtto的反意疑问句Heoughttoattendthelecture,oughtn’t/shouldn’the

(4)陈述部分有seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody，nowhere，no，none，noneof，neither，nor等否定或半否定词，反意部分用一定形式。Hecouldhardlywalkwithoutastick,couldhe(5)陈述部分含有表示否定意义的前缀构成的词（unsatisfied，uncertain，impossible，irregular，unhappy,discover,unsuccessful,unfamiliar的反意疑问句，反意部分用否定形式。Mysisterisunhappywithherposition,isn’tsheTomdislikesplayingtennis,doesn’the含有宾语从句的反意疑问句一般含有从句的反义疑问句，只需要需要看主句的谓语动词，和人称当主句中含有否定转移的词think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine时，前肯后否，前否后肯主语为第一人称，反意部分看从句的助动词和人称代词MymotherandIthoughtthegirlwasright,wasn’tsheIdon’tbelievehewillsucced,willhe主语为第二三人称，反意部分看主句的助动词和人称代词Heneverthinksthebuildingcanbefinishedthisyear,doesheYouseldomknowwhatistherealgoalofthisaction,doyou(7)祈使句的反意疑问句，不表反意，只表示一种语气Letusgo，willyouLet’sgo,shallweDon'tsmokehere,willyouRunquickly,won’tyou/willyou(8)反意问句的回答要么一定，要么否定不能出现yes，Idon’t.No,Ido.应该用：Yes，heis.No,heisn’t.反意疑问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称和数上保持一致陈述部分主语反意疑问句主语例句one（指人）one或heOnecan'tbecarefulenough，canhe/one？this,that,these,thoseit/theyThisisn’tafasttrain,isiteverything,anything,something,nothingitNothinghappenedtohim,diditSomethinghasgonewrongwiththismachine,hasn’titeverybody,everyone,someone,somebody,noone,nobody,anybody,anyonehe或theyEverybodyagreedtotheplan,didn’ttheyNobodylikestobelaughedat,doesn’tthey/don’tthey不定式/动名词/其他短语ItLearningEnglishwelltakesalotoftime,doesn’titTherebe句型be/情态动词/助动词+thereThereisnodoubtaboutit,isthereThereusedtobeachurchhere,didn’t/usedn’tthereTherewillberaintomorrow,won’tthereThereshouldbenoproblem,shouldthere四、主谓一致（语法一致，意义一致，就近原则）（一）、并列主语的主谓一致由and连接两个名词或代词做主语，即AandB，可分为三种情况：①A和B表示不同的人，物或者概念，谓语动词要用复数形式：TomandJackwereclosefriendslastyear.Thedoctorandthenurseshouldalwayshelpthesickpeople.②A和B表示同一人，物和概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式：Trialanderroristhesourceofourknowledge.Knifeandforkisusefulindinner.Breadandbutterisnutritious.Thedoctorandnurseishelpingthepoorpeopleinthevillage.③A和B之前有each，every，manya，no等修饰语时，谓语动词要用单数，B前的限定词可省略Eachboyand(each)girlhasanapple.Manyamanandwomanlikeseatingsomethingdelicious.由or，nor，either……or……，neither……nor……，not……but……，notonly……butalso……，连接的并列主语，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词的单复数要和它临近的主语的数保持一致Oneortwofriendsarecomingthisevening.NeitherhenorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthisprogram.如果主语后有with，alongwith，togetherwith，but，expect，like，inadditionto，including，besides，aswellas，asmuchas，around,ratherthan，morethan等引起的短语，用就远原则Anexpert,aswellassomeassistants,wassenttohelpthiswork.TomalongwithhisfriendsgoesskatingonSundays.注：therebe句型也用就近原则Thereisadeskintheroom，buttherearenochairsinit.（二）、单一主语的主谓一致1、以s结尾的名词的主谓一致以s结尾的专有名词做主语的主谓一致①国名，书名，报纸名，剧名：theUnitedStates，TheUnitedNations,TheNewYorkTimes，TheArabianNights做主语，谓语动词用单数②如果群岛，山脉，海峡，瀑布等地理名词做主语，谓语动词用复数TheHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplant.以ics结尾的学科名词physics，maths，politics，means,news等做主语，谓语动词用单数Mathsisaninterestingsubject.Everymeanshasbeentried.以s结尾的由两部分组成的工具，衣服，等做主语，谓语动词用复数Trousers裤子pants短裤goods货物shoes鞋子glasses眼睛clothes衣服如果这些词由apair(suit,piece,series,kind)of修饰时，谓语动词用单数Myglassesarenew.John’strousersareblack.Thereisapairofshoesunderthechair.Apieceofchalkcanbeusedtowritewords.如果pair，suit，piece，series，kind为复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式。Twopairsofshoesareontheshelf,pleasepassmethem.动名词，不定式，从句做主语，谓语动词用单数由what引导的主语从句做主语，应根据意义一致原则来决定位于动词的单复数Whattheyneedismoney.Whattheyneedaresomebooks.不定式，动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数Towalkinthenewstreetisexciting.Readingishelpfultous.由连接词连接的多个非谓语动词做主语，表示同一概念，谓语动词用单数；表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。Togotobedearlyandtoriseearlyisagoodhabit.Toliveandtoworkaretwodifferentthings.关系代词who，that，which在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词应与句中的先行词一致Thosewhowanttogoshouldputhandsup.LiHuaisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedthetest.LiHuaisonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedthetest.EitheryouorI,whoamtheleaderoftheprogramshouldgiveamuchbetterplanforthisstage.（三）、集体名词做主语的主谓一致group，family，army，enemy，government，等做主语，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；强调个体，谓语动词用复数Myfamilyisalargeandgoodfamily.ThefamilyareonholidayinEurope.cattle，police，people，folk，youth，majority，public做主语，谓语动词用复数Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.ThemajorityareonTom’sside.equipment，furniture，jewelry，clothing，machinery不可数名词，谓语动词用单数Thefurnitureheboughtwasoutoffashion.Theequipmentoftakingphotoswasexpensive.（四）、代词做主语的主谓一致由either，neither，each，one，another，theother，anybody，anything，anyone，nothing，nobody，noone，something，someone，somebody，everything，everyone，little，much等做主语谓语动词用单数Eachofthebookscostsfiveyuan.Somebodyisusingthephone.all做主语时，指整体概念，表示一切，谓语动词用单数；若指具体的人或者物时，谓语动词用复数Allhasbeentried.Allthatwewantistobecalm.Allthatglittersisnotgold.Allthatwewantaresomebooks.None（howmany/howmuch的回答）做主语指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；指代可数名词时，谓语动词用单数或复数Isthereanymilkintheglass？No，thereisnone.Noneofthemhas/havearrived.both，few，afew，many，several做主语或+名词复数，谓语动词用复数Bothoftheinstrumentsarenotaccurate.其他①分数、百分数+可数名词复数+谓语动词复数不可数名词+谓语动词单数Twothirdsoftheyouthsupporttheplan.Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.②alotof/lotsof,plentyof,halfof,+可数名词复数+谓语动词复数allof,+不可数名词+谓语动词单数mostof,therestof,someof③agreatdealof,alargeamountof,amountsof+不可数名词+谓语动词单数④several，afew,quiteafew,agreatmany(of),anumberof+名词复数+谓语动词复数⑤kind，form，type，sort，species，portion，series，quantityof+名词做主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于这些词的单复数Alargequantityofwaterisintheriver.Largequantitiesofwaterflowintotheriver.⑥“一两个”oneortwo+名词复数+谓语动词复数A+名词单数+ortwo+谓语动词单数⑦morethanone+名词单数+谓语动词单数More+名词复数+thanone+谓语动词单数⑧anumberof+名词复数+谓语动词复数/thenumberof+名词复数+谓语动词单数⑨时间，重量，距离，价值，体积，长度等名词复数做主语，谓语动词用单数Twentyyearsisaperiodofshorttimeinhistory.⑩manya+名词单数+谓语动词单数the+形容词（表一类人）做主语+谓语动词复数⑾有些名词,如variety,number,population,proportion,majority等有时看作单数,有时看作复数.Anumberof+名词复数+复数动词.Thenumberof+名词复数+单数动词.Anumberofbookshavelentout.ThemajorityofthestudentslikeEnglish.ThepopulationofChinais1.4billion.Twothirdsofthepopulationinthevillageliveinahappylife.五、it的用法It为代词时，1）指代天气、星期、价值、数量、长度、距离、金钱、季节、时间等人以外的事物。2）不知性别的婴儿、小孩、不明身份的人3）代替上文提到的事、物句型：It'sverykindofyou.你人真好Makeit/Icanmakeit.成功、实现、完成it'sover.完了。Ican’thelpit.我没办法了。Itoccurstosb.that从句某人突然想到……Ittakes/tooksb.+时间todosth花费某人多长时间来干某事Itisthefirsttimethat从句（现完）Itwasthefirst/secondtimethat从句（过完）It’shightimeforsb.todosth该是做……的时候了（虚拟语气）强调句Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who从句形式主语Itremainstosee/itseems/looks/appears/happensthat从句Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewlyfoundedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.形式宾语have/feel/find/makeit+形容词（difficult/easy/possible等）+todosth.或从句IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.it的几种易考、易混句型（1）Itbe+段时间+since从句主句一般现在，从句一般过去Ithasbeentwomonthssincewemetlast.（2）Itbe+时间（long,years,months,weeks,days,hours,minutes)+before从句意为：过多长时间，才……be动词为was，before后用一般过去，be动词为willbe，before后用一般现在.Itwastheonlyseveraldaysbeforeherealizedthetruththathehasbeenaffectedwith.（3）Itbe+时间（具体的时间）+when从句（一般现在时）be动词为willbe，从句一般现在时。Itwillbe6:00whenwegetthere.主谓一致练习1.Neitherofthem______goingtothecinema.Bothofthem_____goingtothecinema.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;wasD.are;is2.Allbutone_____herejustnow.AllthatIwanttosay____this.A.was;wereB.was;isC.were;isD.were;were3.Anumberofstudents____goneforanouting.Thenumberofthestudents______increasingyear.A.have;hasB.is;haveC.has;haveD.have;is4.Someoftheoranges______turnedbad.Someofthemilk_______turnedsour(酸).A.have;hasB.have;haveC.has;haveD.have;is5.Eachstudent-____gotanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Thestudentseach____adictionary.A.have;hasB.has;haveC.have;haveD.has;has6.There_____apen,aninkbottle,andsomebooksonit.There________somebowls,platesandaspoononit.A.is;areB.are;areC.are;isD.is;is7.Eitherthejudgeorthelawvers________wrong.Eitheryouorhe_______toblame.A.is;areB.are;isC.are;areD.is;is8.Hisfamily______allverywell.Hisfamily_______a“fivegood”one.A.are;isB.is;isC.are;areD.is;are9.Mybluetrousers______wornout.Onepairoftrousers______notenough.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is10.OurLeaguesecretaryandmonitor______theleadineverything.OurLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor______goodfriends.A.take;areB.take;isC.takes;isD.takes;are11.Thegirlaswellashisparents_______abike.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheprofessor______surprisedatMary’sanswer.A.have;wasB.have;wereC.has;wasD.has;were12.Who_____thegirlsinginginthenextroomWho______thesepeopleoverthereA.are;areB.are;isC.is;areD.is;is13.Mostofthestudents_____boys.Mostofhismoney_____spentonbooks.A.are;isB.is;isC.are;areD.is;are14.Thepoliceman______standingatthestreetcorner.Thepolice_____searchingforhim.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is15.Theglasses______mine.Thatpairofglasses_____mybrother’s.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is16.Thenewsatsixo’clock_____nottrue.Thosepiecesofnews_____tobebroadcasted.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is17.GrandpaWangandhistwograndsons______takingawalkintheparknow.GrandpaWang,togetherwithhistwograndsons,____takingawalkintheparknow.A.are;areB.is;areC.is;isD.are;is18.NoonebutJane______thesecret.NobodybutMaryandI___intheclassroomatthattime.A.know;wasB.

knows;wasC.know;wereD.knows;were19.There_______nothingbuttwoloomsinthehall.There_____somethingwrongwiththemachine.A.was;isB.was;areC.were;isD.were;are20.Heisoneoftheboyswho_____neverlateforschool.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____neverlateforschool.A.is;areB.are;areC.are;isD.is;is21.Whattheyhavedone______ofgreatusetous.Whathesaysandwhathedoes___agree.A.is;notB.

is;donotC.are;doesnotD.are;not22.Everypictureexceptthesetwo_______.Everythingaroundus_____matter.A.havebeensold;isB.havebeensold;areC.hasbeensold;isD.hasbeensold;are23.Awomanwithtwochildren______cominguptous.Mary,alongwithherparents,___movedtoParis.A.is;hasB.is;haveC.are;haveD.are;has24.onesixthofourclassmates_____frompeasantfamilies.Onefifthofhertime____devotedtowriting.A.comes;isB.

come;areC.come;isD.comes;are25.Only10percentofthestudentsintheclass_____Leaguemembers.About40%ofJim’sincome________totherent(租金).A.are;goesB.are;goC.is;goesD.is;go26.Itisthisteacherwho______leavingforLondon.Itisyouwho____next.A.are;areB.is;areC.are;isD.is;is27.Thepopulationoftheearth_____increasingfast.Onethirdofthepopulationhere_____workers.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are28.Thiskindofsnakes_____verydangerous.Thesekindsofmetal_____hardtofind.A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are29.Halfofthevisitors_____fromEurope.Halfofthefru