新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习专题二阅读七选五第二讲补全“首中尾”准解七选五课件

第二讲补全“首、中、尾”，准解七选五清迷点·扫盲点练重点·练难点清迷点·扫盲点句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。本讲从空格位置及所承担的语意关系方面讲解做题技法，使考生做题时灵活运用解题技法，

游刃有余地解答阅读七选五。一、设空在段首——“段落主题”“承上启下”若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词­ing短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句；选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。技巧1把握形似，确定段落标题句【经典感悟】[2023·全国甲卷]·__39__Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“40.Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerable．”You'llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.A．FindyourcausesB．StartwithsmalltasksC．AccepttheuncomfortableD．AllthisaddsuptoastateofhurryE．ItcanalsohelpuspracticemorepatienceF．Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerableG．They'reallsituationswherewecouldusealittleextrapatience【答题微点】[解析]根据本段内容“Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故“接受不舒服”符合语境。[自主解答]

________答案：C[方法总结]技巧2根据一致，确定段落主题句【经典感悟】[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]__39__Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.A.Getoutofyourcomfortzone.B．Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C．Don'tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D．Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.F．Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded，redefineyourrole.【答题微点】[解析]本题考查段落主题句。根据后文“Seekingandaccepting...feelvaluedandrespected”可知，本段主要讲述分享、利用社交媒体寻求建设性的反馈以及这样做的好处。[自主解答]

________答案：D[方法总结]技巧3瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句【经典感悟】[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.38.The__food__is__so__delicious__that__you__don't__need__much__of__it__to__make__you__happy.Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.__39__OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!D．Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E．That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.【答题微点】[解析]根据设空处所在的位置可知，该空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。根据上文内容可知，设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因是他们的食物美味，本段继续说法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂贵。因此设空处应起到承上启下的作用。分析选项可知，E项符合该处语境，且选项中的that指代上文论述过的原因。[自主解答]

________答案：E[方法总结]二、设空在段中——处理好“七种关系”当设空在段中时，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，学生就可以利用逻辑关系词来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要学生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，做出正确的判断。技巧1根据总分关系确定答案【经典感悟】[2023·全国乙卷]Whyareindoorplantsgoodforyou?WillSpoelstra，whoworksattheRoyalBotanicGardens，says，“__38__.Ifindduringthewintermonths，plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood.”Severalstudieshavebackedthisupandfoundthatindoorplantscanimprovecreativity，focusandmemory.Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases，suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.39.Plants__like__peace__lilies__and__devil's__ivy__are__among__the__best．A．AllplantsaredifferentB．NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC．TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD．Instead，theygrowbetterinside，whereitiswarmerF．ChangingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG．Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding【答题微点】[解析]根据本段小标题和本段内容可知，该段主要讲述了室内种植绿植有许多好处，此处引用别人的话可以总结全段，引发下文分别论述种植绿植的好处，形成总分结构。[自主解答]

________答案：C[方法总结]技巧2根据解释关系确定答案【经典感悟】[2023·浙江高考1月卷]Bringablanket.Whenyou'reridingontrains，youwon'tbeprovidedwithablanketforfree，evenifyourtripisanovernightone.__38__Inthesummerinparticular，theairconditioningcanmakethemquitecold.A．Traintripsaren'tforimpatienttypes.B．You'llhaveviewsfrombothsidesofthetrain.C．Thetemperatureonrailcarsisoftenhardtocontrol.D．That'sparticularlytrueduringbusysummermonths.E．Youmighthavetowaitlongerthan24hourstocatchthenextone.F．Chancesarethecostwillbealotlessthanthecostofonebedroom.G．Hemayalsobookyouinasleepingcarthat'srightnexttothediner.【答题微点】[解析]从空后句子中的“inparticular”可以看出，这句话是对空处的进一步解释。选项“车厢中的温度经常很难控制”和空后的句子“尤其是夏天，空调会使车厢变得很冷”在逻辑上吻合。[自主解答]

________答案：C[方法总结]技巧3根据例证关系确定答案【经典感悟】[2023·全国甲卷]•MakeyourselfwaitInstantgratification(满足)mayseemlikethemost“feelgood”optionatthetime，butpsychologyresearchsuggestswaitingforthingsactuallymakesushappierinthelongrun.Andtheonlywayforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractice.__38__．Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekendorwait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake.You'llsoonfindthatthemorepatienceyoupractice，themoreyoustarttoapplyittoother，moreannoyingsituations.A．FindyourcausesB．StartwithsmalltasksC．AccepttheuncomfortableD．Allthisaddsuptoastateofhurry【答题微点】[解析]根据空前的“theonlywayforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractice”可知，空处讲到的应该是如何练习。空后则进一步列举生活中可以尝试的小事，例如“Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekendorwait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake”。选项“从小任务开始”承上启下，并且能与后文形成例证关系，故B项符合语境。[自主解答]

________答案：B[方法总结]技巧4根据转折关系确定答案表示转折关系的连接词汇有but,however/whereas,nevertheless(然而，不过),though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate(无论如何),inanycase(无论如何，不管怎样),onthecontrary,bycontrast(相反，相比之下),bycomparison(相比之下),otherwise,not...but,aswell等。

【经典感悟】[2023·全国乙卷]·Whatareindoorplants?Indoorplants，alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants，areplantsthatliketogrowindoors.Manyofthesespecies(物种)arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK，especiallyinthewinter.__37__．C．TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD．Instead，theygrowbetterinside，whereitiswarmerE．Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil'sivyareamongthebestF．ChangingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG．Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding【答题微点】[解析]本空前的句子表否定，认为很多植物不适合在英国户外种植，尤其是冬天，D项跟前句形成对比关系，表达相反的情况：growinside和warmer，同时instead表转折，可以承接前句。[自主解答]

________答案：D[方法总结]技巧5根据因果关系确定答案表示因果关系的连接词汇有asaresult/consequently,thus/therefore,so,so(such)...that...等。【经典感悟】[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.__36__Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth­floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.D．Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E．That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G．Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【答题微点】[解析]根据空后的So可知，

设空处与空后一句之间构成因果关系。故“我们的目的是想看看我们能否像真正的巴黎人一样生活”是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。[自主解答]

________答案：F[方法总结]技巧6根据递进关系确定答案表示递进关系的连接词汇有also,further,furthermore,similarly,moreover,inaddition,what'smore,too,either,neither,notonly...butalso...,themore...themore...等。【经典感悟】[2023·全国乙卷]Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch，butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.__36__，butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople'swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情)，reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What'smore，indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.A．AllplantsaredifferentB．NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC．TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD．Instead，theygrowbetterinside，whereitiswarmer【答题微点】[解析]空后表明室内绿植还可以通过改善心情、减轻压力、增进记忆力来提升人们的幸福感，且空后的but与选项中的Notonly在意思上构成递进关系。[自主解答]

________答案：B[方法总结]技巧7根据并列关系确定答案【经典感悟】[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.__37__Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.A．Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B．Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C．You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D．Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E．Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingatrainingpartner”notice？【答题微点】[解析]选段第一段提到关于如何找到一个健身伙伴，第二段提到首先要决定你想要从那个人那里得到什么。根据空后一句Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit...？可知，设空处与空后一句之间是并列关系，设空处也应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。[自主解答]

________答案：D[方法总结]三、设空在段尾——“总结概括”“过渡衔接”技巧1段落过渡句当设空在非尾段段末时，就有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。【经典感悟】[2023·全国甲卷]TricksToBecomingAMorePatientPersonHere'sariddle：Whatdotrafficjams，longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveincommon?There'soneanswer:__36__．E．ItcanalsohelpuspracticemorepatienceF．Thisismerelyuncomfortable，notintolerableG.They'reallsituationswherewecouldusealittleextrapatience【答题微点】[解析]根据空前的“There'soneanswer”可知，本空要回答前面的问题“Whatdotrafficjams，longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveincommon？”。同时，根据文章标题关键词“Patient”和常识可知，本句同样需要引出下文对如何多些耐心的讨论。[自主解答]

________答案：G技巧2补充信息、举例说明句段末设空还有可能是对上文内容进行补充说明或举例说明，这时要选择补充性的语句。【经典感悟】[2023·全国乙卷]WillSpoelstra，whoworksattheRoyalBotanicGardens，says，“38.There__are__many__benefits__to__growing__plants__indoors.Ifindduringthewintermonths，plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood.”...Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases，suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.__39__．D.Instead，theygrowbetterinside，whereitiswarmerE．Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil'sivyareamongthebestF．Changingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelp【答题微点】[解析]空格位于段尾，与上文存在例证、补充说明关系，上文说盆栽可以通过消除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气，还可以消除一些来自油漆或烹饪的有害化学物质。[自主解答]

________答案：E技巧3总结句当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，学生应快速浏览选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如so,therefore,hence,thus,asaresult,inshort,inaword,allinall,tosumup,toconclude等词或短语，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项。【经典感悟】[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Atthetopofasecondpage，puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone，listallthepositivethingsyou'vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework，whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked，orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.____38__D.It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat'shappenedorforgetit.F．Whateveritis，nomatterhowsmallitmightseem，writeitdown.G．Whateverthemistake，rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【答题微点】[解析]本题考查段尾总结句。空前讲述了列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情，选项“不管是什么事，不管它看起来可能有多小，把它写下来”总结上文，符合逻辑。[自主解答]

________答案：F练重点·练难点[2023·衡水中学模拟]Formakingcontactandcommunicatingwithaperson,effectiveeyecontactisessentialtooureverydayinteractionwithpeople,andalsotothosewhowanttobeeffectivecommunicatorsinpublicplaces.__1__.GenerallyinWesternsocietiesandmanyothercultures,eyecontactwithapersonisexpectedtoberegularbutnotoverlypersistent.__2__,causingthepersonwho'stheobjectofaperson'sstaretofeeloverlystudiedanduncomfortable.__3__.TheNewZealandMedicalJournalreportedthatonereasonsomanyyoungchildrenfallvictimtoattacksbypetdogsistheiroverly­lastingeyecontactwithpets,whichcausesthemtofeelthreatenedanddefensive.Overlylastingeyecontactisalsoasignofaperson'sover­awarenessofthemessagestheyaregiving.Inthecaseofpeoplewhotrytolietosomeone,theymaydistort(扭曲)theireyecontactsothatthey'renotavoidingit.__4__.Butonthecontrary,evasive(逃避的)eyecontactisasignofdiscomfort.Whydoweavoidlookingataperson?Itmaybebecausewefeelashamedtobelookingatthemifwe'rebeingdishonestoftryingtotakethemin.Evasiveeyecontactmayalsobeasignofdishonesty.However,Scotland'sUniversityofStirlingfoundthat,inaquestion­and­answerstudyamongchildren,thosewhomaintainedeyecontactwerelesslikelytocomeupwiththecorrectanswertoaquestionthanthosewholookedawaytoconsidertheirresponse.__5__,whenthisenergycouldbespentondeepthinking.A．Thisisawidelyrecognized