形容词和冠词

形容词、副词一.1.形容词的用法和位置用法位置例子修饰名词修饰不定代词放在名词之前，不定代词+形容词形容词+enoughThenicegirlismysister.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Theroomisbigenoughtolivein.作表语be，look，sound，smell，feel，keep，get，become，seem，turn+形容词Heis/looks/feels/becomes/seemshappy.Hegetsangry.Wemustkeephealthy.作宾补make,keep…+形容词Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed.Thestorymakesmehappy.the+形容词，表示一类人。thegood/bad,therich/poor,theyoung/old,Therichshouldhelpthepoor.Theyoungaretakengoodcareof.2．副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。1）副词有程度副词（very,so，quite，enough，rather,too等），2）频率副词(usually,often,never,sometimes,hardly,almost,always,seldom等)，行前be后地点副词（here,there，home等），前省略介词to/…(gohome/there,区别：gotomyhome)3）方式副词（easily,angrily,heavily,well等）通常在形容词后加ly构成。一般在动词后面：livehappily,sleepwellly的加法规则有：a．直接加ly;slow_____________quick___________loud________b．以辅音字母加y结尾的把y改为i再加ly．happy________heavy__________c.以le结尾的单词把le改为ly;terrible___________d．不规则变化：good好的—well①adv:…得好,studywell②adj:身体好I’mwell.fast—fast，early--early,late-late，hard—hard(hardly几乎不)注意：friendly,lonely,lovely是以ly结尾，是形容词，不是副词Hetalks_____________.(loud/loudly).Be__________,please.Youmustdoit_________.(careful/carefully)Heisa_________boy.Heplays_____________.(happy/happily).Whata__________rain.Itisraining______________(heavy/heavily).Thequestionarevery____________.Wehavetowork_________onthem.(hard/hardly).Hesings_____________,heisa_______singer.(good/well).二、形容词、副词常考知识点l.-ed和-ing结尾的形容词的用法形容词形容词动词名词boringboredboreboreinterestinginterestedinterestinterestsurprisingsurprisedsurprisesurpriseexcitingexcitedexcitedexcitementtiringtiredtire/②-ing形容词一般用来形容“物”,“令人…”,-ed形容词一般用来形容“人“的感受，“感到…”★特别提醒：以上两点只是相对说来，并非绝对如：aninterestingstory/oldmanTheoldmanisveryinteresting.这位老人（本身）很有趣。③在It’s+-ing+todosth.的句型中，1)Thepartymadeus_________.Thejokesmadetheparty________.(excite)2)Mostofusare________inthe________film.(interest)3)Toour________,hegaveusa_______success.Wegotvery_______atwhathesaid.(surprise)2．alone，lonelyalone:bealone/dosth.alone单独/独自做某事，lonely:be/feellonely孤独的，alonelygirl）1).Youshouldfinishyourhomework_______.2).Theoldmanlives___________inthecountryside,butheneverfeels_________.3).Hewas___________athomeyesterday.4).Sheisa_________girl.3.形容词+enough足够…tallenough（形前名后）enough+名词enoughmoney不定代词（something/anything/somebody….）+形容词somethingexciting.anythingelse1)Ihave_____totellyou.A.excitingsomethingB.excitedsomethingC.somethingexcitingD.somethingexcited2)Canyoufind_____________intheroom?A.anybodystrangeB.strangesomebodyC.strangeanythingD.somebodystrange3)Mybrotheris________toget________.A.youngenough,enoughfoodB.enoughyoung,foodenoughC.oldenough,enoughfoodD.enoughold,foodenough4)Theproblemis___formetosolve.A.enougheasyB.enougheasilyC.hardenoughD.easyenough4.区别hard，hardlyhard努力地，艰苦的，困难的，猛烈地，硬的hardly几乎不1)Itrainedso_____thatwecould_____seetheroad.2)Thestudentsworkvery_______atschool.3)Heisveryfatbecausehe________everexercises.3）Thisisn’teasy,itisvery_________.5.sick与ill区别：_________________________________________Heis__________________.Pleaselookafterthe_____boy.6.howlong,howoften,howsoon,howmany,howmuch,howfar,howoldHowlong多长时间，回答是：for+时间段，since+过去时间Howoften多久一次，回答是：often，usually，always,sometimes,everyday，onceaweek等Howsoon多久以后，回答是：in+时间段Howfar多远，间距离Howold多大年纪Howmany多少+可数名词复数Howmuch1．多少钱2．多少十不可数名词8.区别already,yetAlready已经，（现在完成时的肯定句）yet还（现在完成时的否定句和疑问句）1)Thestudentshavefinishedtheirhomework_____.2)Wehaven’thadlunch________.3)HavetheyarrivedinBeijing________?9.也：肯定句：too（有逗号,句末）aswell（句末）also（句中）否定句：否定句，either.代词，neither.Me,neither.l)WatchingEnglishTV______helpsalittle.2)WangLinisateacher.Heisascientist_______.3)MaryisfromEngland,KateisfromEngland,____.4)–Idon’tlikeit.–Me,________.5)–Idon’tlikeit.–Idon’tlikeit,________.10.so与such_____________________________________Thebookis________interestingthatwealllikeit.Itis________aninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.做题技巧：1.区分用形容词还是副词；2.他们的位置：形容词：系动词后Themusicsounds/isbeautiful.名词前面It’sanicebook.不定代词的后面Ihavesomethingnicetogiveyou.enough的前面Heistallenough.副词：动词后面Hecansingverywell.enough的前面Hedrivesthecarcarefullyenough.l.Hewasn’t_______withtheknife.Hecuthimself______.A.carefulenough,carelessB.enoughcareful,carelesslyC.carefullyenough,carelessD.enoughcarefully,carelessly2.Thoughhehaslivedinthatbighouse_______foralongtime,heneverfeelsA.alone,lonelyB.alone,aloneC.lonely,lonelyD.lonely,alone3.Thiskindofskirtlooks___andsells______.A.nice,wellB.niceC.well,wellD.good,good4Thereis_______intoday’snewspaper.A.something,interestingB.interesting,somethingCsomething,interestedD.interested,something5.Jackdidn’trun_______tocatchupwiththeotherrunners.A.fastenoughB.quickenoughC.enoughslowD.slowlyenough6.How____theyareworking!A.hardlyB.ahardC.hardD.ahardly7.Itrainedso______thatIcould_____gooutlastnight.A.hard,hardB.hard,hardlyC.hardly,hardlyD.hardly,hard8.Thelittleboylooks_______.A.lovelyB.carefullyCheavilyD.sadly9.Thesongsounds________.A.sweetlyB.nicelyC.wellD.good10.Heis___teacherthatallofuslikehim.A.suchgoodaB.asogoodC.sogoodaD.asuchgood11.--______doyougotoswimintheriver?--Onceaweek.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowsoonD.Howmuch12.--____willyouhandinyourhomework?--IntwodaysA.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowsoonD.Howmuch13.____isthebookstore?It’sabout500metersA.HowfarB.HowlongC.HowawayD.Howmany14.Marycan’tmakeagoodkite.Ican’t,_______.A.tooB.alsoC.eitherD.neither15.Idon’tlikeswimming,______.A.tooB.eitherC.alsoD.neither16.Ihaveneverseen______nicefilmasthat.A.suchB.soC.soaD.sucha17.Theelephantis_____bigthathecan’tbeputinto_____asmallcage.A.so,soB.such,soC.so,suchD.such,such18.Thewateris_____hotthatIcan’tdrinkit.A.quiteB.soC.tooD.very19.Canyoubelievethatin____arichcountrythereshouldbe_____manypoorpeople?A.such,suchB.so,soC.so,suchD.such,so20.Whenshesawwhathappened,shewas___frightenedtosayaword.A.veryB.soC.tooD.quite21.Grandpahasreturnedthebooktothelibrary_______.A.yetB.alreadyC.evenD.still22.lt’soneo’clock,butherfatherhasn’tcomebackA.alreadyB.stillC.tooD.yet23.____,shewasnot____hurt.A.Lucky,badlyB.Luckily,badlyC.Luckily,badD.Luck,bad24.Johnwassotiredthathecouldhardlykeephiseyes___.A.openB.toopenC.openedD.opening25.Thegirlwas____whensheheardthe____words.A.frightening,frighteningB.frightened,frightenedC.frightening,frightenedD.frightened,frightening三、形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级（一）原级、比较级和最高级的构成规则构成方法单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词尾加________cold,quiet,fast不发音字母e”结尾____________nice,large以“辅元辅”结尾的重读闭音节词，___________________big,fat,hot,thin,red,wet以“辅音字母+y”，_______________________easy,early，happy多音节词和部分双音节词______________/______________注意：以ly结尾（除了early）tired,serious，famousdifficult,interesting,beautifulslowly,quicklytired,serious不规则的原级比较级最高级good好/wellbetter（更好）best（最好）bad/badly/坏ill生病worse（更差）worst（最差）many/much多（可数、不可数）more（更多）most（最多）little少（不可数）less（更少）least(最少)far远farther/further(更远/更进一步)farthest/furthest（最远）（二）形容词级别的使用情况原级：1.在very/too/so/quite/really/kindof后。Thisbookisvery_________interesting.2.as句型as.+原级+asHeisas_________asme.(tall)notas+原级+as/notso+原级+asHedidn’trunas/so_______asyou.(fast)二.比较级:两个人或物之间的比较。1.给出两者选择：Whichdoyoulike__________,applesorpears?(good)在ofthetwo…中（要用the+比较级）：Thisis__________________(beautiful)ofthetwobags.2、than句型Hisbookis_________(new)thanmine.1）注意比较对象要一致人与人比，物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称，用替代词that,those,one,ones.①Myhairisshorterthan______.我的头发比她的短。②Thoseapplesarebiggerthanthese________.这些苹果比那些大。③Thebagsinthisshoparenicerthan_______inthatone.这间鞋店的包比那间漂亮。④TheweatherinGDisalotwarmerthan______inBeijing.广东的天气比北京暖得多。2）注意这两个句子：①ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.（anyother+n单数）=ShanghaiislargerthantheothercitiesinChina.(theother+n复数)上海比中国任何别的城市大。（上海属于中国的城市，有other）ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJapan.上海比日本任何城市大。②ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJapan.上海比日本任何城市大。（上海不属于日本，无other）3.alittle,abit,much,alot,far,even,still+比较级，than有时候会省略。例:muchbigger(大很多)muchmoreexpensive(昂贵得多)more和..er不能同时出现1)Mybagismuch______thanyours.A.morenicerB.morebeautifulC.morebeautifulerD.morenice具体程度的比较具体数字+比较级+than+比较对象”。Yourbookis5yuan__________________________(expensive)thanmine.4、句型：The+比较级(+句子),the+比较级(+句子).(越…,越…)Themore,thebetter.比较级+and+比较级（越来越…）1)–erand--erI’mtallerandtaller.我越长越高。2)moreandmoreI’mmoreandmoreoutgoing.我越来越外向。三、最高级：三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较1.用于Who/Which+be+the+最高级，A,B,orC?Whichis_____________(cheap),theredone,theyellowoneorthegreenone?2.in+范围Heis__________(tall)inChina/ourclass.ofall/ofthe+数字He___________(famous)ofallthethreestudents.最高级的常用句型结构：3.序数词+最高级Heisthesecond_______(good)studentinourclass.4.词组：oneof后跟最高级1.______childrenthereareinfamily,_______theirlifewillbe.A.Theless;thebetterB.Thefewer;thebetterC.Fewer;richer D.More;poorer2.MostofthepeopleinGuangdongaregetting________.A.moreandmorerich B.morerichandmorerichC.richerandricherD.richerandrichest3.Whichlessonis_______,thisoneorthatone?A.difficult B.muchdifficultC.moredifficult D.themostdifficult4.Indiahasthesecond_______populationintheworld.A.larger B.most C.smallest D.largest5.Howbeautifulshesings!I'veneverheard________.A.thebettervoice B.agoodvoiceC.thebestvoice D.abettervoice6.OfthetwoAustralianstudents,Mashais________one.Ithinkyoucanfindhereasily.A.tallest B.thetaller C.taller D.thetallest7.Theexperimentwas____easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch8.Hefeels_____todaythanyesterday.A.tired B.moretiredC.moretirederD.muchtired9.Thelineis____thanthatone.A.morelonger B.notlongerC.muchmorelonger D.manymorelonger10.Thebookis____ofthetwo.A.thinner B.thethinnerC.morethinner D.thethinnest11.Shelooks_____thanshedoes.A.themoreolder B.veryolder C.mucholder D.moreolder12.Thegardenisbecoming______.A.morebeautifulandmore B.morebeautifulandbeautifulC.moreandmorebeautiful D.morebeautifulandbeautifuler13.Howwelldidyoudointhemathexam?--Betterthanbefore.Ithinkitwas___difficultthanthelastone.A.more B.less C.muchD.very14.Englishisas_____asmaths.A.betterB.muchuseful C.moreimportant D.important15.Hejumps______ofthethree.A.farB.furtherC.farthestD.furthest16.Whichmonthhas____daysinayear?February.A.fewerB.moreC.thefewestD.themost17.

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language冠词中考对冠词的考查主要集中在：(1)不定冠词a/an:经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,表示一个.或表示某一类人或事物。（2）定冠词the：世上独一无二，序数最高级，乐器,一类人，一家人，年代（比较级）。（3）零冠词：代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数，复数名词表泛指，学科球类三餐饭，季节星期月份前，颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。1.区分a、an：a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。(是根据其读音，而不是根据其字母)以元音音素开头的字母：an“a,e，f，h，i，l，m,n，o，r，s，x．”（巧记：Mr.Lihasonefox．）auniversity/aEuropean/ausualthing/ausefulbook/aone-wayroadanhour/anhonestman/anunusualgift/anumbrella/aneight-year-oldboy/aneleven-year-oldboy1）Alittleboywrote_____“u”and____“n”onthewall.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a2)–Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture,Nick?-Iwanttobe___pilot.It’s____excitingjob.A.a;aB.a;anC.the;anD．a：the3)Simonis____honestboy.Nowheisstudyingin___university.A.a;anB.an;aC.the;aD.a;the2.a/an指“一”，不可以直接跟不可数名词，the指“这、那”。1)____bookonthedeskis____usefulone.A.The;anB.A;aC.The;aD.The;/2)Thereis____Americanboyinourclassand____boycanspeakgoodChinese.A.an;the.B.an;an.C.a;an.D.a;the.3)–Haveyouseen____umbrellaonthedeskjustnow?-Isit____blueone?A.an;theB.an;aC.a;TheD.the;a4）I’vethrownmyoldshoesaway.I’llhavetobuy____.A.anewpairB.anewoneC.somenewD.somenewpair3.the+序数词(指第几次)，a+序数词（指又一次）ThisisthethirdtimeI’veseenthemovie.Hefailedagain,buthetriedathirdtime.1)Januaryis____firstmonthoftheyear.A.a B./C.an D.the2）Theyfailedsixtimes,buttheyhavedecidedtotry____.A.seventimesB.theseventimeC.theseventhtimeD.aseventhtime4.playthe+乐器，play+球类、棋类Ilikeplayingthepiano,butIdon’tlikeplayingsoccerorchess.1)—Doyouoftenplay____________soccerwithyourfriends?—No,Idon’tlikesports.Ioftenplay____________pianoinmyfreetime.A.a,theB.the,/C./,theD.the,a2)—Listen!Someoneisplaying____violin?—Wow!___beautifulmusic!IlikeitverymuchA.a;whata B.an;Howa C.the;What D./;Whata5.不可数名词前不用a/an:Whatgoodweatheritis!时间、三餐饭(不可数)不用冠词havetime,havebreakfast/lunch….但前面有词修饰时有awehaveagoodtime.haveabigbreakfast/dinner…1).____fineweatherwehavetoday!Let’sgoswimming.A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa2).What____itis!A.aheavyrainB.heavyrainC.aheavyrainsD.heavyrains3).____timewehadattheparty!A.WhatwonderfulB.WhatawonderfulC.HowwonderfulD.Howawonderful4）Sheoftenspendsmuch____timereading.A.aB.anC.theD./5)Wehave____lunchathome.Buttomorrowwewillhave____biglunchintherestaurant.A.a,theB./,/C.a,/D./,a6.the+形容词原级指一类人theold/young/rich/poor/sickthe+最高级，Heisthetallestinourclass.特殊：有the的比较级：Heisthetallerofthetwostudents.Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.1)Sundayis____firstdayoftheweek.A.theB./C.aD.an2)-Where’snearestbookstore?-There’soneatendofthestreet. A．the…anB．a…theC．the…the D．a…an3)____morecarefullyyouride,____fewerfallsyou’llget.A.The,theB.A,theC.The,aD.A,a4)Weshouldthinkof____oldand____sick.A.a,a B.an,aC.the,the D./,/7.this/that/last/next/物主代词(my,your,myfather’s..)前不用冠词1)Thisismy_____bestbook.A.aB.anC.theD./2)Todayismyfather’s_____fortiethbirthday.A.aB.anC.theD./8.年、月、季节、星期前不用冠词：in1990,但世纪、年代用the：inthe1990s1)Myparentswerebornin____1970s,andIwasbornin___2000.A.the,/B./,/C.a,/D.a,the2）____Februaryisthesecondmonthoftheyear.A.TheB.AC./D.an3）Wehavenoclasseson____Sundays.A.theB.aC.anD./9.theteacherandthedoctor两个人(一个老师一个医生)theteacheranddoctor一个人（既是老师也是医生）1)Theteacherand_____writerismyfriend.A.aB.anC.theD./2)Theteacherand_____writeraremyfriends.A.aB.anC.theD./10.by直接跟交通工具单数bybustakethe/a+交通工具takethe/abusin/onthe/a+交通工具onthe/abus1）Wemusttake____busthereandcomebackby____taxi.A.the,theB./,/C.a,/D.a,the11.人名、地名前不用the，American,Mr.Green但the+姓s表示一家人theGreens,格林一家1)___Blackswerehavingbreakfastatseventhismorning.A.AB.AnC./D.The2)____liveinRoom208.A.TheGreen B.Mr.GreenC.TheGreens D.Greens3）Myuncletoldmehewasgoingtovisit____.A.theUnitedStateB.TheUnitedStatesC.UnitedStatesD.UnitedState4）Istudied____Englishin____England.A./,/B.an,theC.an,anD./,the12.某些词组：beillinhospitalbeinthehospitalstayinbedinthebedinfrontofinthefrontofthenumberof…..anumberof….beinclassbeintheclassattableatthetable练习1）