高考专项-非谓语动词

非谓语动词非谓语动词不定式(todo〕否认(nottodo)V-ing〔doing〕否认(notdoing)过去分词〔done〕否认(notdone)在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：Iwant

toreadabookwrittenbythewomanlivingthere.谓语非谓语动词不定式在句子中可以充当哪些成分？1、作主语Torunisagoodhabit.(=Itisagoodhabittorun.)2、作表语Ourplanistobuildabridgeovertheriver.3、作宾语Iwanttobuyadictionary.4、作定语Hehasachancetogoabroad.

5、作状语

Tofinishthework,hehadtogetupearly.6、作补语Iaskustohelphim.1、主语Noddingtheheadmeansagreement.

点头表示同意。2、宾语Wouldyoumindmyclosingthewindows?3、表语Hisjobis

sellingnewspapers.4、定语Thisisaswimmingpool.V-ing在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？5.补语Hekeptmewaitingsolong.6.状语Walkinginthestreet,Imetmyteacher.过去分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？1、定语

Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.2、表语Theshopisclosed.

3、补语Shefeltherarmtoughed.4、状语

Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.不定式,现在分词,过去分词做定语的区别(1)不定式表示即将发生的动作,

Thebuildingtobecompletednextmonthisourlibrary.(2)现在分词表示现在发生的动作,

Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.(3)过去分词表示已经发生的动作.Thebuildingbuiltisourlibrary.

不定式,现在分词,过去分词做状语的区别(1)不定式作状语一般表示目的,结果或原因:Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．(目的Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．(结果)

Wearegladtohearthenews.(原因)

(2)现在分词作状语一般表示伴随,主动或现在Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．(伴随)Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.(3)过去分词作状语一般表示被动或完成Given

moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Thepopsinger,followedbytwobodyguards,cametomeethisfans.

不定式,现在分词,过去分词做宾补的区别有些使役动词及感官动词后如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等

动词不定式只说明宾语的一个动作,宾语与动词不定式是主动关系Justthenheheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.现在分词说明宾语的动作正在进行，宾语与现在分词是主动关系Thenheheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.过去分词说明宾语与过去分词是被动关系Hehadhisbikerepairedyesterday.Hefoundhiswatchstolen.注意问题1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差异1〕forgettodo忘记要去做某事〔此事未做〕

forgetdoing忘记做过某事〔此事已做过或已发生〕

2〕stoptodo停止、中断〔某件事〕，目的是去做另一件事

stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事

3〕remembertodo记住去做某事〔未做〕

rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)

4)regrettodo对要做的事遗憾

regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、懊悔

5〕trytodo努力、企图做某事

trydoing试验、试一试某种方法

6)meantodo打算，有意要…

meandoing意味着

7〕goontodo继而〔去做另外一件事情〕

goondoing继续〔原先没有做完的事情〕

8〕proposetodo打算〔要做某事〕

proposingdoing建议〔做某事〕

2.不定代词something,nothing,little,much,alot等习惯上用不定式做定语

Ihavesomethingtodotonight.Hestillhasalotofhomeworktofinish.

3.疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式构成一种特殊的不定式短语:

Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.

(主语)

Idon’tknowwhattodo．我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver．

(表语)

非谓语动词中的句型V-ing1〕Doing...+v.Readingisanart.阅读是门艺术。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。

2)Itis+nouse/good(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,...)等名词+doingsth.Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。

3)go+V-ing示“从事…”之意I’llgocampingtomorrow．我明天去露营。

I’llgoshopping．我去商店。

Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。4)在want,need,require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思。例如：

Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)5)在某些固定结构Generally/Franklyspeaking…,Judgingfrom/by…中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词

Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.Franklyspeaking,Idon'tlikehimatall.能力·思维·方法【例1】Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains__whethertheywillenjoyit.［2002全国统考题］A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen【解析】remains前面的it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是主语从句，是真正的主语。remain后接todosth.作表语；因要填入的see与whether引导的主语从句存在动宾关系，也就是主被动关系，所以要用tobeseen作remains的表语。答案：B。【例2】Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.［2002全国统考题］

A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun【解析】begin可以是不及物动词，意思是“开始”；也可以是及物动词，意思是“着手”。此题要表达的句意是：“这项研究方案设计得那么好，一旦着手研究，就没有什么地方要更改的了。”oncebegun是onceitisbegun的省略。答案：D。【例3】Fromhis_____lookonhisface,thepriceofmeat____.［1996全国统考题］A.disappointed;hasbeenraisedB.disappointed;hasbeenrisenC.disappointing;hasraisedD.disappointing;hasbeenrisen【解析】他的脸上表情反映出他被动的、“感到失望”的心态，所以应该用disappointed，而不是disappointing表“令人失望的”。raise为及物动词，rise为不及物动词，hasbeenraised=hasrisen。答案：A。【例4】WhenIgotbackhome,Isawamessagepinnedtothedoor_______“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”［1999全国统考题］A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading【解析】此题考查V-ing形式作定语，reading相当于定语从句“whichread...(内容读来如下……)”，修饰说明先行词message，而不是修饰door。这句话的意思是：“当我回到家的时候，我看到一封短信用别针别在门上。短信内容读来如下：很遗憾没见到你；以后再来拜访你。”答案：D。【例5】ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalk,______thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.［1994全国统考题］A.havingaddedB.addedC.addingD.toadd【解析】adding在句中作伴随状语，相当于一个并列谓语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，且二者之间是主动关系。这句话的意思是：“来访的部长对于会谈表示满意，随后又补充说他在此逗留期间很开心。”答案：C。

【例6】_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.［1996全国统考题］

A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose【解析】从句意可以看出，要填入的词与inthought一起作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句“Becausehewaslostinthought”。belostinthought的意思是“陷入沉思”答案：C。【例7】Thepatientwaswarned______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.［1996全国统考题］

A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating【例8】IcanhardlyimaginePeter______acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.［1994全国统考题］A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed

【解析】warnsb.(not,never)todosth.的意思是“告诫某人〔不/决不〕要做某事”。注意：不定式的否认结构应把not放在todo的前面。答案：C。【解析】imagine后面只能接V-ing形式作宾语，不能接不定式以及由不定式构成的复合宾语。题中Peter是sailing的逻辑主语，构成V-ing形式的复合结构，作imagine的宾语。答案：C。【例9】Don'tusewords,expressionsorphrases______onlytopeoplewithspecialknowledge.［2002高考·上海］A.beingknownB.havingknownC.tobeknownD.known【例10】______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.［2002高考·上海］A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed【解析】本句中willdo是谓语，缺少主语，因此要选用动名词〔短语〕来充当主语。expose与one'sskin之间是动宾关系，因而要用动名词的被动式beingexposed。这句话的意思是：“在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有害。”答案：C。【解析】know与words,expressionsorphrases是动宾关系，要用过去分词作定语，表示被动。这句话的意思是：“不要使用只有具有专业知识的人才能知道的词语。”答案：D。【例11】Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesarestriving______theirproductsmorecompetitive.［2002高考·上海］

A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade【解析】“strivetodosth.”的意思是“努力做某事”，句中需要填入动词不定式作目的状语。整句话的意思是：“为了在国际市场上取得更大的营业额，许多国有公司正努力使自己的产品具有竞争力。”答案：A。1.___________blackandblue,theladycouldn’tmove.

A.BeatenB.BeatingC.TobebeatenD.Tobeat

2.Mostofthemen_________tothepartywerefromtown.

A.invitedB.toinvite

C.beingD.hadbeeninvited

3.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor_____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”

A.pin,readB.pinning,reading

C.pinned,readingD.pinned,read

4.Withalotofdifferentproblems_______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.

A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

5.Withalotofdifferentproblems__________,thenewly-electedpresidentisverypleased.

A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

6.___poorinEnglish,I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself___.

A.Tobe;understandB.I’m;tounderstandC.Being;understandingD.Being；understood

7.____theroom,thenursefoundthetape-recorder___.

A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;goneC.Tohaveentered;beingstolenD.Havingentered;tobestolen

8.Englishisalanguage______________inmanycountries.

A.spokenB.speakingC.bespokenD.tospeak

9.Ishouldsaysorrytohim.Iregret___________tohelphimthatday.

A.refusingB.torefuseC.refusedD.refuse

10.ProfessorLiisoftenseen___________somethinginhisoffice.

A.towriteB.writeC.wroteD.written

11.Doyoustillremember__________toyourhometowntenyearsago?

A.takenB.totakeC.tobetakenD.beingtaken

12.Sheisnotused_________inthecity.

A.toliveB.tolivingC.tohavelivedD.live

13.Hurryup!Heissure_________usatthegate.

A.waitingB.towait

C.tobewaitingD.tobewaitingfor

14._________everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere_________themselves.

A.Hunting;hidingB.Tohunt;tohide

C.Hunted;hidingD.Hunted;tohide

15.Thisisa_________car.

A.useB.usingC.tobeusedD.used

16.When________,icechangesintowater.

A.toheatB.heating

C.heatedD.theyareheated

17.CharlieChaplinisconsidered__________agreatcontributiontothefilmindustry.

A.tomakeB.making

C.tohavemadeD.havingmade

18._________withyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.

A.ComparingB.TocompareC.HavingcomparedD.Compared

19.Theyhaven’tdecidedwhen__________forShanghai.

A.tobeleavingB.toleave

C.leavingD.leave

20.Idon’tknowthegirl___________inthesnowstorm.

A.tocatchB.caughtC.catchingD.tobecatching非谓语动词的有关练习1Iwouldlove_________________(go)tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.Weagreed___________(meet)herebutsofarhehasn’tturnedup.Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret____________(do)that.4Robertissaid___________________(study)abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.5Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____(persuade)intobuysomethingtheydon’treallyneed.6Heclaimed______________________(badly,treat)inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.7TheOlympicGames,____________(play)in776BC,didn’tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.tohavegonetomeethavingdonetohavestudied

beingpersuadedtohavebeenbadlytreatedplayed8Doyoumind____________(Jane,leave)aloneathome?9Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee__________________(carryout)thenextyear.10I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______________(expect)inmynewjob.11Shecan’thelp____________(clean)thehousebecauseshe‘sbusymakingacake.12Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesget___(pay)bythehour.13___________(give)thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.14IfyougotoXi’an,you’llfindthepalacestherearemoremagnificentthancommonly_________(suppose).15Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?___________(get)enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.16Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_______________(not,make)itmoredifficult.Jane’sbeingleftcarriedouttoexpecttocleanpaidGivensupposedTogetnottomake17LastsummerItookacourseonhow_________(make)adresses.Howaboutthetwoofus__________(take)awalkdownthere?Thepatientwaswarned____________(eat)oilyfoodaftertheoperation.Thestudentswouldlove___________(take)forapicnic.Robertissaid________________(write)abook,butIdon’tknowwhenhecanfinishit.Thispageneeds____________________(check)again.Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?Oh,excellent.It’sworth___________(read)asecondtime.Hehasalwaysinsistedontheman__________(call)Dr.Turner