高职英语第一册-Unit-10

高职公共英语教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishUnit11TextWhatWeEatTextexercisesFastReadingFastreadingexercisesGrammarFutureandPastFutureTensesGrammarexercisesWord-BuildingUnit10WhatWeEat1．Peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldhaveverydifferentideasaboutwhatisgoodtoeat.

IfyouwereanEskimoneartheNorthPole,youwouldenjoytherawmeatfromseals.Ifyouwereanomadbroughtupinthedesert,youwouldprefertheroastedmeatofsheepandgoats.Americanscookthemeatofmanydifferentanimals,butperhapstheirfavoritemeatissteak.Americansalsoeatalotofchicken,aswellasfishandotherfoodsfromthesea.SomepeopleinIndiadonoteatmeatorfishatall.Theyarecalledvegetarians.Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinese高职公共英语教程HOMEnextbackpreview2．Evenwhenpeopleindifferentpartsoftheworldeatthesamefood,theyoftenprepareitverydifferently.IfyouwereinGermany,youwouldfindsoupthatisthickandheavy.IfyouwereinChina,youwouldfindsoupthatisthinandclear.Manypeoplelikebutterthatisfreshandfirm,butsomepeople–inIndia,forexample–likebutterwhenitismeltedintooil.Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinese高职公共英语教程HOMEpreviewnextbackIfyouaskedsomeAmericanshowtheylikedtheirsteakcooked.Youwouldgetavarietyof

answers.Someliketheirsteakwell-done,whereas

otherslikeitrare.Manyprefertheirsteakmedium–thatis,halfwaybetweenrareandwell-done,althoughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatadelicacy,anAmericanrarelyeatsanymeatthatisuncooked.TheIrishlikeplainboiledpotatoes,whereasmostAmericansprefertheirpotatoespreparedinotherways–fried,baked,orboiledandthenmashedandservedwithgravy.Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinese高职公共英语教程HOMEnextbackpreview3．Peoplelivingindifferentregionsofthesamecountryoftenpreparefoodsdifferently.TheUnitedStateshasitsregional

specialties,too–forexample,“Southernfried”chickenandthebakedbeansofBoston.IntheSouthwest,youwillfindmanyMexicanfoods.Buttherearenationalfoods,too.Forexample,therearetwodessertsyouwouldprobablyfindanywhereintheUnitedStates.Oneisicecream,andtheotherisapplepie.AndallAmericanchildrenlikehotdogsandhamburgers.ThehamburgeristhefavoritequicklunchformostAmericans.Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglish高职公共英语教程HOMEchinesepreviewnextback4．Onholidaysmostofuseatspecialfoods.Yearafteryear,evenifmanyotherthingschange,thefoodisalwaysthesame.OneimportantholidayintheUnitedSatesisThanksgiving.PeopleintheUnitedStatesusuallysitdowntoaThanksgivingdinnerwithturkeyandpumpkinpie.ForAllSaintsDayonNovember1,mothersinGuatemalamakeaspecialsaladofmeatsandvegetables.IntheNetherlands,mothersmadespiced

cookiesforSt.Nicolas’EveearlyinDecember.OneofthefavoriteChristmasfoodsinNorwayismadewithfriedfish.Sometimeshousewivesbeginweeksinadvancetopreparethespecialfoodsthataretraditionallyservedoncertainholidays.Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglish高职公共英语教程HOMEchinesepreviewnextback1.Peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldhave……aboutwhatisgoodtoeat.indifferentpartsoftheworld做people的定语，whatisgoodtoeat做about的宾语。2.IfyouwereanEskimoneartheNorthPole,youwould…fromseals.Ifyouwereanomadbroughtupinthedesert,youwouldprefer…goats.1〕Ifyouwere……youwoulddo...是典型的if虚拟语气句。根据主从句的谓语形式，可知本句表示与现在事实不符的假设。如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.Ifyouhadfollowedtheiradvice,youwouldn’thavebeenintrouble.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthemeeting.2〕句中broughtupinthedesert是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰anomadHOME〔与现在事实不符〕〔与过去事实不符〕〔与将来事实不符〕3〕prefer的用法，见下页prefer的用法:prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.=prefer(doing)sth.to(doing)sth.喜欢…而不喜欢…;喜欢…胜过…HepreferredtostayhomewatchingTVratherthangoouttoplay.Heprefersfishtomeat.HOME他宁愿呆在家里看电视也不愿出去玩。他喜欢吃鱼而不喜欢吃肉。3.Not…atall根本不；一点也不Hedidn’tknowaboutthenewsatall.Notatall在口语中，还可以用来答复Thankyou.—Thankyouforyourkindhelp.—Notatall.(That’salright)HOME4.avarietyof…=varietiesof…Hehasavarietyofpensinhispencilbox.5.whereasconj.而=whileHelikesfish,whereashissisterprefersmeat.6.consider的用法1〕认为consider…(tobe/as…)Weallconsiderhimagreathero.2)考虑Haveyoueverconsideredstudyingabroad?HOME7.

TheIrishlikeplainboiledpotatoes,whereasmostAmericansprefertheirpotatoespreparedinotherways–fried,baked,orboiledandthenmashedandservedwithgravy.Plain：notdecorated;simpleorordinaryincharacter

无装饰的；简易的；清淡的Helikesplainfoods.Theyarediningataplainwoodentable.2)Preparedinotherways是过去分词短语做宾补，饰potatoes。

prepare:cookEg.Motherispreparingdinnerinthekitchen.3)fried,baked,orboiledandthenmashedandservedwithgravy是preparedinotherways

的同位语。几个并列的过去分词作宾补。HOME8.…therearetwodessertsyouwouldprobablyfindanywhereintheUnitedStates.desserts:anysweetdish,eatenattheendofameal甜食e.g.chocolatecake,applepie,icecream,jelly(果冻),pudding〔布丁〕,icecreamsundae〔冰激凌圣代〕HOME9.ThehamburgeristhefavouritequicklunchformostAmericans.美国人对中午这顿饭一点也不看重，很多人吃一个三明治就对付了，用餐也只是一道菜的简易快餐。几乎人人都在中午一点左右用餐。HOME10.Yearafteryear,evenif…,thefoodisalwaysthesame.yearafteryear:everyyearformanyyears一年年〔强调变化〕yearbyyear:astheyearpass;eachyear年复一年〔强调重复〕Theyoungtreesgrowhigher_______________.Theywenttoseetheiroldteacher____________.HOMEyearbyyearyearafteryear11.IntheNetherlands,mothersmadespicedcookiesforSt.Nicolas’EveearlyinDecember.spicedadj.containingspice含香料的：e.g.heavilyspicedcurries

味道浓的咖喱食品

spicedbiscuits

香味饼干HOME12.

Sometimeshousewivesbeginweeksinadvanceto…servedoncertainholidays.inadvance:beforesthhappens提前，预先,事先aheadoftime：earlierthanexpected提前e.g.It’scheaperifyoubookthetickets_________.Theyfinishedthetask___________.HOMEinadvanceaheadoftimeReadingComprehensionI.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.AnEskimoenjoysthemeatfromseals.B.Anomadpreferstherawmeatofsheepandgoats.C.AnAmerican’sfavoritemeatissteak.D.SomepeopleinIndiadonoteatmeatatall.HOME2.What’sthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?Germanspreferthethickandheavysoup.SomeIndianslikethemeltedbutter.Peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldoftenpreparethesamefoodverydifferently.MostAmericansprefertheirpotatoesfried,bakeorboiled.HOME3.HowdoAmericansliketheirsteakcooked?rareB.mediumC.well-doneD.alloftheabove4.Specialfoodsreferto___________.A.foodstraditionallyservedoncertainholidaysB.foodsthatchangeeveryyearonholidaysC.foodsspeciallypreparedforchildren’sholidaysD.specialkindsofmeatsandvegetablesHOME5.Spicedcookiesisservedon_________.ThanksgivingB.AllSaintsDayC.St.Nicolas’EveD.Christmas6.________areregionalspecialtiesintheUnitedStates.HotdogsandhamburgersB.IcecreamandapplepieC.MexicanfoodsD.“Southernfried”chickenandthebakedbeansHOME1.raw a.adry,oftensandyregionoflittlerainfall2.preferb.likesomethingbetter3.favoritec.personwhoeatsnomeat4.vegetariand.somethingnice(pleasing)toeat5.melte.asmall,usuallyflat,crispandsweetcake6.raref.uncooked7.delicacyg.lightlycooked8.desserth.becomeliquidthroughheating9.deserti.sweetfoodservedattheendofameal10.cookiej.likedorpreferredaboveallothersII.FindthedefinitioninColumnBwhichmatchesthewordinColumnA.ABHOMEfjchgdaiebIII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformswherenecessary.Pleaseaddmore______tothecake.Hisfavoritedishis______duck.There’snoreasonwhyyoushouldn’ttellthem__________thatyouaregoing.Wecannotexpecthertodotheexperiment_______lookafterthechildren.InAmericawecall________,cake,puddings,andice-creamdessert.Manyarrivedlateatthepartyfor_________reasons.Doyouwishyoureggscookedhard,softor________.Somepeoplelikefatmeat,___________othershateit.ShallI_______thefishfordinner?Onholidaysmanypeopleeat______foods,thatis,theyeatfoodsthatarenotcommonlyeatenatothertimes.spiceroastedinadvanceaswellaspieavarietyofwhereasfryHOMEpiefryroastmediumwhereasspecialspiceavarietyofaswellasinadvancespecialmediumHOMEStructureI.Rewritethefollowingsentencesaccordingtothemodel.Model:Ifyouwereanomadinthedesert,youwouldprefertheroastedmeatofsheepandgoats.Youwon’tprefertheroastedmeatofsheepandgoatsifyouarenotanomadinthedesert.1.Ifyouranasfastasyoucould,youwouldcomefirstinthe100-meterdash.___________________________________________2.Ifshehadworkedashardasshecould,shewouldhavecaughtupwithherclassmates.___________________________________________3.Ifyoutriedashardasyoucould,youwouldovercomethedifficulties.___________________________________________4.Butforhishelp,wecouldn’thaveachievedourgoals.___________________________________________5.Hecamelate,otherwise,hewouldhavecaughtthetrain.___________________________________________Youwon’tcomefirstinthe100-meterdashifyoudon’trun…Hewouldn'tcatchupwithherclassmatesifshedidn’tworkhard…Youwon’tovercomethedifficultiesifyoudon’ttryashard…Wecouldn’tachievedourgoalsbutforhishelp.Hewouldcaughtthetrainifhedidn’tcomelate.1.Peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldhaveverydifferentideasaboutwhatisgoodtoeat.2.Americansalsoeatalotofchicken,aswellasfishandotherfoodsfromthesea.3.Someliketheirsteakwell-done,whereasotherslikeitrare.II.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.关于什么好吃这个问题，世界各地的人持不同看法美国人也吃大量的鸡肉，还有鱼和其他海鲜有些人喜欢把牛排熟透，而另一些人喜欢半熟的。4.Studentsshouldmakegooduseoftheirtimeatcollegetostudyhard.5.Badadswillhaveharmfuleffectsonchildren.Therefore,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenbythegovernmenttostopthem.不良广告对孩子有害。因此，政府应该采取有效措施禁止这样的广告。学生们应该好好利用大学的时光，努力学习。1.夏天许多人喜欢开着窗睡觉。2.商店里展出了各种各样的电视机。3.年复一年，即使其它东西变了，食物总不会变。4.我们刚一出发，天就开始下雨了。5.孩子们热切地盼望着儿童节的到来。II.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Manypeopleprefertosleepwiththewindowopeninsummer.AvarietyofTVsetsareondisplayintheshop.Yearafteryear,evenifmanyotherthingschange,thefoodisalwaysthesame.Hardlyhadwestartedwhenitbegantorain.ThechildrenareeagerlylookingforwardtothecomingoftheChildren’sDay.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothefastreading.1.Americansusuallyhave_______forsupper.hamorbaconwitheggs B.toastorrollsC.coldmeatwithboiledorfriedpotatoes D.salad,dessertandcoffeeHOMEFastReading2.WhichstatementisTrueinAmericaaccordingtothepassage?A.Familybreakfastisgenerallybetween7:30and8:00.B.Lunchisusuallyservedbetween12and1:30.C.Americansliketohaveteaservedbetweenfourandfive.D.Lunchisthemostimportantmealoftheday.HOME3.Whenmenandwomaneattogether,_________.A.thementaketheirplacesfirstandthenthewomenB.themenshouldpulloutthechairsforthewomenC.givingprayersissomethingmustbedonebeforemealsbeginD.guestsmaynotfollowthehostorhostess4.Whatdoestheword“cutlery”probablymeaninthesixparagraph?A.knivesB.forksC.spoonsD.alltheabove5.Whenyouusethecutlery,youmay___________.beginfromthepiecesclosesttotheplateB.beginfromtheoutsidepiecesC.cutlargepiecesoffoodintosmallpiecesD.neverplacetheknifewiththesharpedgeinHOME6.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.WeEattoLive,ButNotLivetoEat B.HowtoUseForksC.EatingOutside D.MealsAndTableMannersGrammar动词的将来时态和过去将来时态FutureandPastFutureTenses动词的将来时态包括：一般将来时，将来进行时，将来完成时，将来完成进行时。一、一般将来时常见的将来时间表达法有以下几种：1.will／shall+动词原形。表示将来要发生的动作或状态，常与tomorrow，nextweek，inthefuture等表示将来的时间状语连用。will用于各种人称，第一人称也可用shall。如：Iwill／shallreturnyouthebooktomorrow．2.begoingto+不定式，表示将来。1〕主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?2〕方案，安排要发生的事。例如：Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。3〕有迹象要发生的事。例如：Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.3.beaboutto+不定式表示即将发生的动作,一般不与表示时间的状语连用。Autumnharvestisabouttostart．4.beto+不定式表示约定的、方案中的或按职责、义务要求要做的事。You’retodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV．You’renottotellhimanythingaboutourplans．5.用现在进行时表示有些表示位置转移的动词。如come,go，leave,start,arrive，fly等的现在进行时可表示按方案或安排将要发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。HeiscomingherenextweekandisstayinghereuntilAugust．HeisflyingtoBeijingearlytomorrowmorning．6.用一般现在时表示见一般现在时用法5〕、6〕。二、将来进行时

由动词be的一般将来时加动词的-ing形式构成。用法如下：

1.表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。

ThistimetomorrowIshallbeflyingtoSpain.

2.表示已经决定了的一种将来的方案或势必要发生的动作。

TheRobinsonswillbestayingwithusagainthisyear.四、将来完成进行时

由“will/shallhavebeen+现在分词”构成,表示某一动作一直持续到将来的某一时刻。

Bynextsummershewillhavebeenworkinginthelaboratoryforthreeyears.三、将来完成时由“shall/willhave+过去分词”构成，用法如下：表示持续到将来某一时间的动作或状态这个动作或状态也可能将继续进行下去。Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.2.表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。这时常和by短语、bythetime(that)结构或由when或before等连词引导的状语分句连用。YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.动词的过去将来时态包括:过去将来时，过去将来进行时，过去将来完成时，过去将来完成进行时。一、过去将来时由“would/should+动词原形”构成。像一般将来时一样，也可以用多种手段来表达。1)should／would+动词原形，表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情或存在的状态。Theyweresuretheywouldwinthefinalvictory.2)was／weregoingto+动词原形,可以表示过去的预见和意图。Hewasgoingtostart

theworkthefollowingweek．3)was／wereto+动词原形,通常指过去的方案安排或注定要发生的事情。Thisexperiencewastochangehislife．4)was／wereaboutto+动词原形,表示过去即将发生的事。Hesaidthathewasjustabouttophoneus．5)用过去进行时表示Hetoldmehewasleavinginanhour．Iaskedherwhethershewascomingtotheparty．二、过去将来进行时由“would/shouldbe+现在分词”构成。表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作，

HeaskedmewhatIwouldbedoingthenextmorning.三、过去将来完成时由“would/shouldhave+过去分词”构成。它表示从过去某时看将来某个时间前已经发生的动作。

Shehopedthatwewouldhavegottheplanreadybeforeshecameback.四、过去将来完成进行时由“would/shouldhavebeen+现在分词”构成,表示从过去某时看将来某时以前一直在进行的动作，如：IfoundthatnextJuneIshouldhavebeengoingtothisschoolfortwoyears.Exercises:Choosethebestanswer1.IneverdreamedI______herediscussingstateaffairswiththeotherdeputies.A.willbesittingB.wouldbesittingC.willhavebeensittingD.wouldhavebeensitting2.Johntoldusthatthey______togetherforthirtyyearsbytheendoftheyear.A.wouldhavebeenlivingB.wouldhavelivedC.wouldhavebeenlivedD.willhavebeenliving3.When______togiveusananswer?A.willyoubeableB.willyouhavebeenableC.willyouableD.willyouhaveabled4.DidMarytellyouwhat________ifshehadachance?A.wasshegoingtodoB.shewoulddoC.shehaddoneD.shehaddo5.AfriendofyoursfromAmerica_______thisafternoon.A.iscomingtoseeyouB.willbecomingC.wouldcometoseeyouD.wouldbecomingtoseeyou6.IpromiseyouthatI______youapresentnextweek.A.willgiveB.willhavegivenC.shallbegivenD.shallhavegiven7.Ihopethatshe______tothedemandsofthenaughtyboys.A.willnothaveagreedB.willnotbeagreedC.willnotagreeD.willnothavebeenagreed8.Allthemachines______bytheendofthefollowingweek.A.wererepairedB.wouldberepairedC.willhavebeenrepairedD.werebeingrepair9.Thetrain______ateighttonight.A.willbestarted B.willhavestarted C.shallbestarted D.starts10.—Iwishthatyoursisterwouldcometovisitme.—Well,I’lltellherwhenI_____her.A.see B.saw C.wellsee D.wouldsee11._____meoraren’tyou?A.WillyouhelpB.ShallyouhelpC.AreyougoingtohelpD.Willyouhavehelped12.Anewpowerstation_____there.Ａ.willbegoingtobuildB.isgoingtobebuiltC.willbegonetobuildD.isgonetobebuilt13._____ameetingthisafternoon.A.TheregoingtobeB.TherewillbegoingtobeC.ThereisgoingtobeD.Therewillgoingtobe14.We______anewexperimentthisafternoon.A.shallbetoperformB.willbe