有机化合物的英文名称课件

CoursewareontheEnglishnamesoforganiccompounds目录IntroductionEnglishnamesforalkanecompoEnglishnamesforolefinsand目录EnglishnamesofaromatichydrogenEnglishnamesforalcohols,pHIntroduction01Introducethecoursebackground,includingthedevelopmentandapplicationfieldsoforganicchemistry.Clarifythecourseobjectives,whicharetohelpstudentsmastertheEnglishnamesandbasicknowledgeoforganicchemicals.CoursebackgroundandobjectiveObjectiveCourseBackground010203Introducethedefinitionandcharacteristicsoforganicchemicals.DefinitionListtheclassificationmethodsfororganicchemicals,suchasfunctionalgroups,carbonchainlengths,etc.ClassificationIntroducethesourcesandapplicationsoforganicchemicalsinnatureandpracticalapplications.OccupancyandApplicationsOverviewofOrganizationalCompoundsCommunicationEmphasizetheimportanceofmasteringtheEnglishnamesoforganicchemicalstofacilitateinternationalcommunicationandcooperation.AcademicResearchInthefieldofacademicresearch,masteringEnglishnameshelpstoobtainandunderstandcutting-edgeresearchresults.CareerDevelopmentExplaintheimportanceofbeingfamiliarwiththeEnglishnamesoforganicchemicalsinone'scareerforengaginginrelatedfieldsofwork.TheImportanceofLearningEnglishNamesofOrganizationalCompoundsEnglishnamesforalkanecompo02SaturatedhydrocarbonsAlkanesaresaturatedhydrocarbonswithsinglecarbonbondsandgeneralformulaCnH2n+2StructuralfeaturesTheycanbelinear,branched,orcyclical,withvaryingcarbonchainlengthsandbranchingpatternsBasicconceptsandstructuralfeaturesPrefixes:Useprefixessuchas"method-","eth-","prop-","but-",etc.,toindicatethenumberofcarbonatomsinthelongestcontinuouschainNamingrulesandcaseanalysis010203SuffixesAddsuffixeslike"-one"toindicateoccupancyandidentifythecompoundasanalbumSubjectsForbranchedalkanes,namethesubsidiaries(alkylgroups)beforetheparentchain,usingnumberstolocatethemalongthechainCaseanalysisDistinguishingbetween"isomers"(compoundswiththesamemolecularformulabutdifferentstructures)bycarefullyexaminingtheirbranchingpatternsandapplyingthenamingrulesaccordingtoNamingrulesandcaseanalysis01Mechanism:CH402Ethane:C2H603Propane:C3H8SummaryofEnglishNamesofCommonAlkanesButanes:n-Butane(C4H10)andisobutane(C4H10)Pentans:n-Pentane(C5H12),isopentane(C5H12),andneopentane(C5H12)Hexanes:n-Hexane(C6H14),2-methylpentane(C6H14),3-methylpentane(C6H14),and2,2-dimethylbutane(C6H14)Note:ThisisjustabriefoverviewofEnglishnamesforalkanesTheactualcoursewareshouldcovermoreexamples,detailedexplanations,andexercisestofacilitatelearningandmasterofthesubjectSummaryofEnglishNamesofCommonAlkanesEnglishnamesforolefinsand03Hydrocarbonswithcarboncarbondoublebonds,alsoknownasunsaturatedhydrocarbonsTheyareclassifiedintoaccountsandalkynesaccordingtothenumberofdoublebondsOlefinsThecarboncarbondoublebondisthemostimportantstructuralfeatureofolefins,whichdeterminestheiruniquechemicalreactivityandphysicalpropertiesThedoublebondcancausegeometricisomerismandcistransisomerismStructuralfeaturesBasicconceptsandstructuralNamingrulesandcaseanalysisNamingrules:TheIUPAC(InternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry)systemiscommonlyusedtonameolefinsThenamingofalkenesandalkynesfollowssimilarrules,withthesuffix"-ene"or"-yne"addedtoindicatethepresenceofadoubleortriplebondThelongestcontinuouschainofcarbonatomscontainingthedoubleortriplebondisselectedastheparentchain,andthedoubleortriplebondisindicatedbylocatingthelowestpossiblenumberSubjectsarethennamedandnumberedinalphabeticalorderbeforetheparentnameCaseanalysis:Takethen(C2H4)asanexampleTheparentchaincontainstwocarbonatoms,sotheprefix"eth-"isusedThesuffix"-ene"indicatesthepresenceofadoublebond,resultinginthename"then"Formorecomplexcompounds,suchas3-methyl-1-pentene,thedoublebondislocatedatthefirstcarbonatom,andthereisametalgroupattachedtothethirdcarbonatomofthepentaneparentchainTherefore,thenameisderivedas"3-methyl-1-pentene"Namingrulesandcaseanalysis01Alkenes02AlkynesEthene(ethylene),propene(propylene),butene(butylene),pentene(pentylene),hexene(hexylene),etcEthyne(acetate),clone,butyne,pentyne,hexyne,etcSummaryofEnglishnamesforolefinsEnglishnamesofaromatichydrogen04AromaticityThepropertyofacyclical,planarmoleculewithdecentralizedpielectricsystemsthatresultsinenhancedstabilityandcharacteristicchemicalreactivityBenzeneringTheprototypicaromaticcompoundconsistencyofsixcarbonatomsarrangedinahexagonalringwithdecentralizedpielectrodesFunctionalgroupsVarioussubstituentsthatcanattachtothebenzenering,alteringthephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofthecompoundBasicconceptsandstructuralfeaturesPrefixesUseprefixessuchas"mono-,""di-,""tri-,"etc.,toindicatethenumberofsubstituentsonthebenzeneringParenthydrocarbonSelecttheparenthydrocarbonnamebasedonthelongestcontinuouschainofcarbonatoms,includingthebenzeneringSuffixesAddsuffixeslike-ol,-aldehyde,-carboxylicacid,etc.,toindicatethepresenceoffunctionalgroupsExample"2-Methylphenol"or"o-cresol"reportsacompoundwithametalgroup(-CH3)andahydroxidegroup(-OH)onthebenzeneringNamingrulesandcaseanalysisBenzeneAcolorless,sweetsellingliquidwiththemolecularformulaC6H6,servingasthestartingmaterialformanyaromaticcompoundsTolueneAcolorlessliquidwithacharacteristicaromaticodor,commonlyusedasasolventandanintermediateintheproductionofotherchemicalsXyleneAgroupofthreeisotropiccolorsliquidswithasweet,aromaticodor,usedprimaryassolventsandinthemanufacturingofpaints,coatings,andinksSummaryofEnglishnamesofcommonaromatic