2022届高三英语阅读专项训练之说明文（含答案及部分解析）

2022高三英语阅读专项训练之说明文

（A）

OttawaisthecapitalofCanada.ItisthesecondlargestcityinOntarioandthefourthlargest

cityinthecountry.

TheCentreBlockisthemainbuildingonParliamentHill（国会lil）.Therealsostandseveral

ceremonialspaces,suchastheHallofHonorandtheMemorialChamber.ThepresentCentre

Blockisthesecondcopyofthebuilding,afterthefirstwasunderminedbyabigfirein1916,and

itisoneofthemostrecognizablebuildingsinCanada.

DowntownOttawaisthecommercialandeconomiccentreofthecity.Mostofthebuildings

areofficetowers.WhilemostofOttawa'shightechindustryisbasedelsewhere,ithasan

importantpresenceinthedowntowncenter.Thedowntownalsocontainsanumberofapartments,

hotels,andtheoldersinglefamilyhomesandtownhousesalongitsedges（边缘）.

TheNationalGalleryofCanadaisoneofCanada9searliestartgalleries.TheGalleryhasa

largeandvariedcollectionofpaintings,drawings,sculptureandphotographs.Althoughitsfbcus

isonCanadianart,italsoholdsworksbysomewell-knownAmericanandEuropeanartists.

TheRideauCanalistheoldestcontinuouslyoperatedcanal（运河）systeminNorthAmerica.

Attheverybeginning,itwasusedtoprovideasafesupplyandcommunicationroutebetween

MontrealandtheBritishnaval（海军的）baseinKingston.Itremainsinusetodaymainlyfor

peopletoboatandenjoythemselves,withmostofitsoriginalstructuresundamaged.Thelockson

thesystemopenfornavigation（航海）inmid-Mayandcloseinmid-October.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“undermined“inParagraph2mean?

A.CheckedB.Overcome.C.Completed.D..Destroyed.

2.WhatarethemaincollectionsoftheNationalGalleryofCanada?

A.PaintingsfromEurope.B.Sculptureandphotographs.

C.DrawingsbyAmericanartists.D.ArtworksbyCanadianartists.

3.TheRideauCanalatpresentismainlyusedfor.

A.publictransportationB.pleasureboating

C.safesupplyD.communicationroute

4.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ReasonsforVisitingOttawaB.TheLongHistoryofOttawa

C.SomeFamousPlacesinOttawaD.AnUnforgettableTriptoOttawa

(B)

DidyouknowthatAlbertEinsteincouldnotspeakuntilhewasfouryearsold,anddidnotread

untilhewasseven?Hisparentsandteachersworriedabouthismentalability.

Beethoven'smusicteachersaidabouthim,“Asacomposerheishopeless75Whatifthisyoung

boybelievedit?

WhenThomasEdisonwasayoungboy,histeacherssaidhewassostupidthathecouldnever

learnanything.Heoncesaid,“IrememberIusedtoneverbeabletogetalongatschool.Iwas

alwaysatthefootofmyclass...MyfatherthoughtIwasstupid,andIalmostdecidedthatIwasa

stupidperson.^WhatifyoungThomasbelievedwhatmaysaidabouthim?

WhenthesculptorAugusteRodinwasyoung,hehaddifficultylearningtoreadandwrite.

Today,wemaysayhehadalearningdisability.Hisfathersaidofhim,“Ihaveanidiot(白痴)fora

son."Hisuncleagreed."He'suneducable,"hesaid.WhatifRodinhaddoubtedhisability?

WaltDisneywasoncefiredbyanewspapereditorbecausehewasthoughttohaveno"good

ideas”.EnricoCarusowastoldbyonemusicteacher,4tyoucan'tsing.Youhavenovoiceatall.”

AndaneditortoldLouisaMayAlcottthatshewasunabletowriteanythingthatwouldhavepopular

appeal.

Whatifthesepeoplehadlistenedandbecomediscouraged?Wherewouldourworldbewithout

themusicofBeethoven,theartofRodinortheideasofAlbertEinsteinandWaltDisney?AsOscar

Levantoncesaid,"It'snotwhatyouarebutwhatyoudon'tbecomethathurts.^^

Youhavegreatpotential.Whenyoubelieveinallyoucanbe,ratherthanallyoucannot

become,youwillfindyourplaceonearth.

l.Howmanysuccessfulpeoplearementionedasexamplesinthepassage?

A.six.B.seven.C.eight.D.nine.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisRIGHT?

A.Whenhewasyoung,ThomasEdisonalwaysgotgoodgradesatschool.

B.LevantthoughtLouisaMayAlcottcouldn'twriteanypopularworks.

C.OnlyAugusteRodin'suncleregardedhimaboyoflearningability.

D.BothEnricoCarusoandBeethovenachievedtheirdreamsinmusic.

3.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentence"He'suneducable”?

A.Hecan'tbetaught.B.Heisveryclever.

C..Heisdifferent.D.Heisalatesuccess.

4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.WorkingHardforSuccessB.HavingDreams

C.BelievinginYourselfD.Self-challenging

(C)

Healthcarestaffandbankclerkshavebeenonthefrontlineofthehealthandeconomiccrises

strikingtheUK,butbehindthescenes,anothergroupofworkersrobotshavebeentoilingaway

andovercomingbothemergencieswithnofearofCOVID-19.ButwillCOVID-19speedupthe

riseofrobots?

RoboticProcessAutomation(RPA)issoftwarethatrobotizesrepetitiveback-officetasks.

TheNationalHealthService(NHS)hasuseditduringthewidespreaddiseasetocon-troldemand

andcapacityplanningincaringforalllevelsofpatientsdayandnight.JasonKingdon,Blue

Prism'snewchiefexecutivewhoisrecoveringfromCOVID-19,says,“BeforeRPA,thesewere

manualprocesses.Youhadtotrainanumberofstafftoputtheminplace.Now,youonlyneedto

trainasinglerobottomanagetheadministration.^^Morethantwofifthsofbossesacross45

countriesthatrespondedtoasurveybyEY(Ernst&Young)saidtheywereplanningon

acceleratingspendingonautomationtechnologytoprepareforapost-Covidworld.

COVID-19hasalreadylefttensofmillionsunemployed,sofirmswontbeshortofcheap

labourontheothersideofthecrisis.ButexpertsstillthinkAlwillbethemorecautiouschoicefor

companies.Oneofthemsaid,"It'simportanttorememberthateveninChina,whichhasmuch

lowerwages,12.5millionmanufacturingjobshavebeencutoverthepastfouryearsasmore

robotshavebeenadoptcd.^^

However,Alisoverhyped(过分提倡)inmanywaysandpoorapplicationcouldleadtoarise

inanxietytowardsautomation.Again,weshouldthinkofhistoryasaguide.Alotof,workers

riots(暴动)intheearly19thcenturyhappenedduringthecontinentalblockadeoftheNapoleonic

WarswhentherewassignificantmesstotradeinBritain.Thesethingsarenotunrelated.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“toilingaway”inparagraph1mean?

A.Walkingslowly.B.Workinglazily.

C.Workinghard.D.Walkingtoughly.

2.WhatdoJasonKingdon'swordsinparagraph2mean?

A.Hepreferstouserobotworkers.

B.Hehasrefusedtoacceptrobots'service.

C.Hewishestoemploymorehumanstaff.

D.HedislikesthesurveybyEY.

3.What'stheauthor'sattitudetorobots?

ASupportive.B.Worried.C.Indifferent.D.Opposed.

4.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.RobotsHaveTakenthePlaceofHumans

B.COVID-19HasTerribleEffectsonOurLife

C.It'sTimetoStopRobotsfromTakingthePlaceofHumans

D.COVID-19SpeedsuptheTrendofRobotsReplacingHumans

(D)

Afteralmostanentireyearofnotgoingshoppingandvacationing,youfindthenumbers

reflectedbyyourbankaccountmeetyourheart,sdesire.

Nowthemostimportantquestioncomes,whattodowiththeearnings?Shouldyoufulfill

dreamsofthepresent,investinpreservingthefutureorperhapskeepsavingitforarainyday?

Oureldersalwaystrytoteachusthevalueofmoneyanditsmoralweakness.Onemaybeon

awinningstreak(连续成功)now,butitwillnotalwaysbeso.Onewillhavedayswhentherewill

benosunshinebutonlyrain,andtheirluckwillhidebehindthosethickgreyclouds.Savefor

thoserainydays,theysay.Donotspendtoomuch,livewithinabudget,refrainfromcreditno

matterhowsmallandsaveforthefuture.

Sincetheveryfirsttimeweearnourownmoneyfromasummerjoborearningourfirst

salary,thelessonsstart.Infact,thepocketmoneythatwereceivewhenwearechildrenbeginsthe

processoflearninghowtobestmanageone'smoney.

Peopleoftenthinklikethis—onedaywhenIhaveenoughmoney,Iwilltraveltheworld.

Then,oncewedoearnenoughmoney,tomorrow5splansstartshadowingourpresentones.

However,isitwisetokeeplivingforthatfuture?Willwestillenjoyorevenbeabletobackpack

inour50s?Howwillweeverenjoyourpresentifweareconstantlylivingforthefuture?

Goodquestions,aren?tthey?Isaytravelbutdon'tletyourselfrundry,treatyourselfto

someluxuriesbutalsokeepenoughfbryournecessities,andenjoyyourpresentbutwithaplan

fortheforeseeablefuture.Lifeisfortheliving,soliveitsensibly.

1：Whydoeldersteachustosavemoney?

A.Becausetherearemorerainydaysinlife.

B.Becausenoonecanwinstreak.

C.Becausegooddaysmayend.

D.Becausemoneycan'tbuyeverything.

2：Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase4trefrainfrom^^meaninParagraph3?

A.selectfromB.holdbackC.relyonD.preferto

3：Whichofthefollowingopinionswouldtheauthoragree?

A.Toenjoyyourselfintherighttime.

B.Towaittotraveluntilwehaveenoughmoney.

C.Togobackpackinginour50s.

D.Toliveforthefuture.

4：Whatshouldwedowiththeearningsaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Weshouldsaveallfbrrainydays.

B.Weshouldfulfillourdreams.

C.Weshouldentertainourselves.

D.Weshouldlivethepresentwisely.

(E)

Digitaldevicesaregreat,buttheycanalsobeannoyingwhenitcomestowritingordrawing.

Mostofthetimeyoumustrelyonyourfingertipstodothetypingordrawingforyou,andwhatyou

wantedtowriteordrawmightnotcomeoutthewayyouimagined.Anewpencalled“Phree”,

createdbyIsraelicompanycalledOTMTechnologies,aimstochangethedependencythatmostof

ushavewhenitcomestowritingordrawingindigitalform.

ThePhreepenlooksalotlikearegularpeninbothsizeandshape.Thedifferenceisthatyou

canusethePhreepentowriteonanysurface（fromatabletoawall）,andthentransferthatwriting

directlytoyourtargetdevice.

Phreeusesasensorcalleda3Dlaserinterferometer（激光干涉仪）.Thelaserbeamsare

projected（投影）onthesurfaceandtheywillbereflectedbacktotheinterferometer.Byanalyzing

thesebeams'tracks,thelaserinterferometermeasuresthehandmotionwhilewriting.

ThepenconnectswithyourphoneviaaBluetooth.Phreecanbeusedtotakenotesusing

variousapplicationsonthetargetdevice.Thenoteswillappearonthetargetdevicewheneveryou

openit.Youcanevenreceive,writeandsendtextmessagesusingthedevicedisplay（显示装置）

anditcanfunctionasanearphone.Phreecanalsobeusedasaregularcomputermousewheneverit

isconnectedtoatargetdevice.ThedevicecanalsobeusedasIDequipmentasitcanprecisely

analyzethewayapersonwrites.

“WeseePhreeasastandardinputdeviceinthemobileworld,inthesamewaythemouse

becameastandardpartofPCuse.WealsoseebenefitstoemergingtechnologieslikeARandVR

headsets,interactiveTV,andloT（InternetofThings）.“GiladLederer,co-founderofOTM

Technologiessaid.

1.WhatinspirestheOTMTechnologiestocreatePhree?

A.Drawingpicturesinabetterway.

B.People'srelyingtoomuchontyping.

C.Makingdigitaldeviceslessannoying.

D.Theinconvenienceofdatainputusingfingertips.

2.HowdoesPhreemeasurethemovementofhands?

A.Bysendingoutlaserlines.

B.ByconnectingwiththeBluetooth.

C.Byanalyzingthereflectionlinesoflasers.

D.Bycheckingthewritingwaysofcertainperson.

3.WhatcanweinferaboutPhreefromparagraph4?

A.Itcanidentifypeople.

B.ItcanconnecttotheInternet.

C.Itcanbeusedasaremotecontrol.

D.Itcanfunctionasadevicedisplay.

4.WhatwillPhreebelikeinLederer'sopinion?

A.Itwillcreatemorenewtechnologies.

B.Itwillbewidelyusedinmanyareas.

C.Itwillbethebesttooltowriteletters.

D.ItwilltaketheplaceofthemouseofPC

(F)

3Dprintingisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Wearenowabletocreatethingsweneed

veryquicklyandeasilyusing3Dprinters.Butcanyouimagineprintingfood?

Somescientistsaretryingtorevolutionizethediningexperiencebydoingthis.Theyhopethat

havinga3Dprinterinthekitchenwillbeascommonasthemicrowaveovenorblender.

Scientistssaythatit'llbequiteeasy:yousimplyhavetoselectarecipeandputtherawfood

'inks'intotheprinter.Youcanalsomodifytheinstructionstomakethefoodexactlyhowyouwant

it.Thismeansthatitwouldbeveryquickandeasytocreatetastyandnutritiousmeals.

Using3Dprinterstocreateyourmealswouldalsobesavingtheenvironment.Therewouldbe

lessneedfortraditionalgrowing,transportingandpackagingprocessesasfoodproductionwouldbe

alotmoreefficient.Forexample,alternativeingredients(原料)suchasproteinsfromalgae,

beetrootleavesandinsectscouldbeconvertedintotastyproducts.

Printingfoodcouldalsohelppeoplewhosufferfromdysphasia(aswallowingdisorder).They

couldprogramtheprintertoprintsofterversionsoftheirfavoritefoodssothattheywouldnothave

troubleinswallowingthem.

However,somepeoplethinkthatafutureof3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster.Itcouldtake

awaymanyjobs,includingthosefrogrowing,transportingandpackagingfood.Imagineaworld

wheretherewasnoneedforfarmingorgrowingcropsandthesametastescouldbeprintedfroma

raw“fbodink”.Likewise,traditionalcafesandrestaurantsmightlosebusiness.Also,thereare

concernsaboutthenutritionalvalueofprintedfood:isitreallypossibletobegetthenutrientswe

needfromfood-basedinksandgels（凝胶）？

Whafsmore,cookingandeatingtogetherwithfamilyandfriendshaslongbeenatraditional

andenjoyableactivity.Itishardtoimagineaworldwherethepleasureofcookingisdeadandmeals

canbecreatedatthetouchofabutton.

I.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes3Dfoodprinting?

A.Quickandpopular.B.Easyandefficient.

C.Nutritiousandtasty.D.Softandconvenient.

2.Whydosomethinkthat3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster?

A.Traditionalfoodwoulddisappear.

B.Manypeoplecouldlosetheirjobs.

C.Itwouldaffectthepeople'shealth.

D.Wecouldalleatthesamefood.

3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.3Dfoodprintingwillreplacetraditionalcooking.

B.Thefutureof3Dfoodprintingisuncertain.

C.Itwouldhurtourtraditionoffoodculture.

D.3Dfoodprintingwouldbeafailure.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.3Dfood“printing”:comingtothekitchen

B.Can3Dprintingcreateeverything?

C.3D-printingfoodwillbeinfashion!

D.Thedisadvantageof3Dfoodprinting

（G）

Squirrelsaren'tnaturalcitydwellers（居民）.In1856thesightofoneinatreenearNew

York'scityhallsosuiprisedpassers-bythatanewspaperpublishedareportaboutthe“unusual

visitor”.

Aroundthattime,thetree-dwellinganimalswerebeingsetfreeinAmerica'surbanareasto

“createpocketsofpeaceandcalmlikethecountryside,saysUniversityofPennsylvaniahistorian

EtienneBenson,whostudiedourrelationshiptosquirrelsoverthecourseoffiveyears.

FirsttheywereintroducedtoPhiladelphia,thentoNewHaven,Boston,andNewYork

City.Parkvisitorswereencouragedtofeedthem,andsecurityguardsensuredtheirsafety.Inthe

1910saleaderoftheBoyScoutsofAmerica(anorganizationteachingboyspracticalskills)said

thatteachingchildrentofeedsquirrelscouldshowtherewardsoftreatingaweakercreaturewith

sympathy,saysBenson.

Bytheearly20thcentury,though,Americabegantoregretthefriendlinessithadshown

squirrels.Citieshadoncebeenfilledwithanimals——fromhorsespullinggoodstodairycows.By

the1950sthoseworkinganimalshadbeenmovedtothecountryside.Petsandwildanimalssuchas

birdsandsquirrelswereallthatremainedoftheurbananimalkingdom.

Beforelong,people'senthusiasmfbrsquirrelsworeoff,andtheystartedtoseethemas

annoyances(i寸厌的东西).Bythe1970smanyparksbannedfeedingthecreatures.Today,itisrare

tofindkidswiththeirparentsofferingfoodtosquirrelsunderatree.And,unfortunately,withmore

andmorebuildingsbeingconstructedinthecity,fewerinhabitableareasareleftforthelittle

tree-dwellinganimals.

Whatwouldbelostifthelastofthesecitydwellerswereforcedtoleave?”Ithinkthere's

somethingconstructivetohaveotherlivingcreaturesinthecitythatarenothumansandnotpets

butsharethelandwithus,“saysBenson."It'sagoodthingtoliveinalandscapewhereyousee

othercreaturesgoingaroundmakinglunch.It'sgoodforthesoul.v

l.WhyweresquirrelsintroducedtoPhiladelphia?

A.Toentertainparkvisitors.

B.Tokeepthenaturalbalance.

C.Toencouragekidstoprotectanimals.

D.Tomaketheurbanlifemorepeaceful.

2.WhatwastheBoyScoutleader'sattitudetowardsfeedingsquirrels?

A.Disagreeable.B.Doubtful.C.Supportive.D.Uncaring.

3.Whatmighthavehappenedtosquirrelsincitiesaroundthe1960s?

A.Theymighthaveinhabitedmorehomes.

B.Theymighthavebeguntogooutoffavor.

C.Theymighthavebeenintroducedtomorecities.

D.Theymighthavebeenmovedtothecountryside.

4.WhatdoesBensonsuggestinthelastparagraph?

A.Squirrelslivingincitiesareannoying.

B.Feedingsquirrelsshouldbediscouraged.

C.Squirrelsshouldbeallowedtoliveincities.

D.Itispossibleforpeopletokeepsquirrelsaspets.

参考答案

A.DDBC

B.BDAC

C.CABD

D.CBAD

E.1:根据第一段中的"Mostofthetimeyoumustrelyonyourfingertipstodothetypingor

drawingforyou”以及“Anewpencalled<Phree,,createdbyIsraelicompanycalled

OTMTechnologies,aimstochangethedependencythatmostofushavewhenitcomes

towritingordrawingmdigitalform.”可知，使用指尖输入数据的不便激发了OTM技

术创造Phree的灵感。故选D项。

2:根据第三段"Phreeusesasensorcalleda3Dlaserinterferometer（激光干涉仪）.The

laserbeamsareprojected（投影）onthesurfaceandtheywillbereflectedbacktothe

interferometer.Byanalyzingthesebeams'tracks,thelaserinterferometermeasures

thehandmotionwhilewriting.w可知，Phree使用一种叫做3D激光干涉仪的传感器。

激光束投射在表面上，然后反射回干涉仪。通过分析这些光束的轨迹，激光干涉仪测

量书写时的手的运动。故选C项。

3:根据第四段最后一句"ThedevicecanalsobeusedasIDequipmentasitcanprecisely

analyzethewayapersonwrites.w该设备还可以用作身份识别设备，因为它可以

精确分析一个人的写作方式。故选A项。

4:根据最后一段中的"WeseePhreeasastandardinputdeviceinthemobileworld,in

thesamewaythemousebecameastandardpartofPCuse.Wealsoseebenefitsto

emergingtechnologieslikeARandVRheadsets,interactiveTV,andloT（Internetof

Things）”可知，我们将Phree视为移动世界的标准输入设备，就像鼠标成为PC使用

的标准部件一样。我们还看到了新兴技术的好处，如AR和VR耳机、交互式电视和物

联网。由此可推知，在莱德尔看来，Phree将广泛应用于许多领域。故选