2022届高三毕业班英语百所名校试题分类03（阅读理解之说明文） 解析版（12月）

2022届高三毕业班英语百所名校试题分类

专题03（阅读理解之说明文）解析版

宁夏青铜峡市高级中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

阅读话题：人与社会阅读主题：“阅读之友”项目帮助老年人建立社交网络

Christmasisalovelytimeofyearifyouareluckyenoughtobewell,tohavefriendsandfamilyaroundyouand

tofeelincontrolofyourlife.However,formanypeopleitisatimethattheyareafraidof.Asthenightsdrawin

duringthewinter,manyolderpeopletalkabouthowmuchmoredifficultitistobeontheirown.

Inarecentinterview,JacquelineWilsonexpressedherconcernsaboutchildrenalsofeelingworried.ButIwas

heartenedbyhersuggestioninanotherinterviewthatshehopesherbookswillreassure（使^肖除疑虑）children

goingthroughadifficulttimeandmakethemfeelasifthey,renotalone.

Ifreadingcan,asJacquelinesuggests,providereassuranceandasenseofconnection,ithasneverbeenmore

important.Readingcouldtransformoneinfouradultswhoexperiencementalhealthissuesintheirlifetime,the

850,000peopleintheUKlivingwithdementia（痴呆症）andtheoneintenolderpeoplewhofeellonely.

WealwaysknowthatabookcouldbeagreatChristmaspresent,butcanitalsochangeourlives?Ourresearch

atTheReadingAgencysuggeststhatitcan.Wehavefoundevidencetoshowthatreadingcanbenefitourwell-being

andhelpusmakesocialconnections.

Peoplewhoreadregularlyaremoresatisfiedwithlifeandmorelikelytofeelthatthethingstheydoare

worthwhile;readingforpleasurecanalsoincreasesympathy,improverelationships,reducesymptomsofdepression

andimprovewell-being.

Wearedevelopinganewprogramme,ReadingFriends,whichwillusereadingtoconnectweakolderpeople.

Inresearchingtheprogramme,wefoundthatreadingwithotherscanhelpolderpeoplebuildsocialnetworks.

Readabookwithyourchildren,parentsorgrandparentsoverChristmas;makeanewyear'sresolutiontostart

areadinggroupwithfriends,andintroducereadingtoyourcommunity.Youcouldbegivingthemthegifttheymost

wantthisyear.

8.WhatdidJacquelineWilsonworryabout?

A.Childrenfeelinglonely.

B.Oldpeoplebeinggivenlesscare.

C.Readingbecominglessimportantthanbefore.

D.Moreandmorepeoplesufferingfromdementia.

9WhoistheprogrammeReadingFriendsdesignedfor?

A.Adults.B.Children.C.Friends.D.Oldpeople.

10.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Tocallonpeopletoreadtogether.

B.Toshowtheimportanceofreading.

C.ToaskpeopletobuywhattheywantforChristmas.

D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirfeelingswithothers.

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Readinghelpspeoplemakefriends

B.AbookisnotjustforChristmas

C.ThebestChristmaspresent

D.Healthbenefitsofreading

【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.B

【解析】

【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了圣诞节是一年中最美好的时光，但是许多老年人独自生活很困难，"阅

读之友”项目帮助老年人建立社交网络，并号召人们一起阅读。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据原文第一段的"Asthenightsdrawinduringthewinter,manyolderpeopletalkabouthow

muchmoredifficultitistobeontheirown."（随着冬天夜晚的临近，许多老年人都在谈论独自生活是多么困

难。）以及第二段的"Inarecentinterview,JacquelineWilsonexpressedherconcernsaboutchildrenalsofeeling

worried."（在最近的一次采访中，杰奎琳•威尔逊表达了她对孩子们也感到担忧。）可知杰奎琳•威尔逊担

心孩子们感到孤独。故选A。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据原文倒数第二段"Wearedevelopinganewprogramme,ReadingFriends,whichwilluse

readingtoconnectweakolderpeople."（我们正在开发一个名为"阅读之友"的新项目,该项目将利用阅读来

联系虚弱的老年人。）可知“阅读之友”这个项目是为老年人设计的。故选D。

【10题详解】

推理判断题o根据倒数第i段的"Readabookwithyourchildren,parentsorgrandparentsoverChristmas;make

anewyear'sresolutiontostartareadinggroupwithfriends,andintroducereadingtoyourcommunity."（圣诞节

期间，和你的孩子、父母或祖父母一起读一本书；制定一个新年计划，与朋友一起成立一个阅读小组，并

向你的社区介绍阅读。）可知最后一段的目的是号召人们一起阅读。故选A。

[11题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Christmasisalovelytimeofyear（诞节是一年中最美好的时光）”和“manyolder

peopletalkabouthowmuchmoredifficultitistobeontheirown（许多老年人都在说，独自生活有非常困难）”，

和第三段的“Ifreadingcan,asJacquelinesuggests,providereassuranceandasenseofconnection,ithasnever

beenmoreimportant.（如果阅读能像杰奎琳所说的那样，提供安慰和联系感，它从来没有像现在这样重要

过。）”以及最后一段倒数第一段的“Readabookwithyourchildren,parentsorgrandparentsoverChristmas;

makeanewyear'sresolutiontostartareadinggroupwithfriends,andintroducereadingtoyourcommunity.v（圣

诞节期间，和你的孩子、父母或祖父母一起读一本书；制定一个新年计划，与朋友一起成立一个阅读小组，

并向你的社区介绍阅读。）可知，本文介绍了圣诞节是一年中最美好的时光，但是许多老年人独自生活很困

难，“阅读之友”项目可以帮助老年人建立社交网络，号召人们一起阅读。可知这篇文章最好的标题是“书

不仅仅是为了圣诞节”。故选B。

山西省运城市2021-2022学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

阅读话题：人与社会阅读主题：选择适合锻炼应用程序来帮助你

锻炼

Ifstickingwithanexercisehabitisachallengeforyou,theremaybeanappforthat.InaUniversityof

Pennsylvaniatrial,smartphonegameshelpedsubjectsbecomemoreactive.

Participantswererandomlyassignedtooneofthreeversionsofagamethatrecordedhowmanystepstheytook

eachweek.Thefirstversionplacedthemindirectcompetitionwithothers.Inthesecondversion,theyworkedasa

grouptogainpoints.Inthethird,playersearnedpointsontheirownbutwereaskedtochooseafriendorfamily

membertobetheirsupporter.Thispersonreceivedane-maileachweekreportingontheplayer'sperformancein

ordertohelpcheerherorhimon.

Onaverage,allthreegroupstookmorestepsthanusual.Thatsaid,certainversionsofthegameworkedbetter

forpeoplewithdifferentpersonalitytraits.Forinstance,playerswhoweremoreoutgoingandmoremotivatedto

perseverewiththeirgoalstendedtoaccumulatemorestepsinthecompetitivemode.Incontrast,quietplayers

respondedwelltothegamewhetheritwascompetitive,cooperative,orsupportive.Athirdtype,madeupofthose

whowereproeetotakeriskswiththeirhealthandsafety（bynotwearingaseatbelt,forexample）,wasnothelpedby

thegameatall.

Sothoughnotallofusbenefit,exercisegamificationcanwork—andworkespeciallywellwhenyoukeepyour

personalityinmindasyouchoosefromamongthemanyavailableapps.

12.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?

A.Eachparticipantchosetheirversionofagame.

B.Thesecondversiongottheparticipantstocooperatetoearnpoints.

CFriendshelpedtheplayerinthethirdversionearnmorepoints.

D.Thefirstversionplacedparticipantsinindirectcompetition.

13Inwhichmodedidoutgoingplayersexercisemore?

A.Cooperativemode.B.Competitivemode.

C.Supportivemode.D.Nomode.

14.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplace"wereproneto"inParagraph3?

A.werelikelytoB.wereunwillingto

C.wereafraidtoD.werehesitantto

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Challengeyourbodywithdifferentgameversions.

B.Changeyourpersonalitytosuitdifferentgameversions.

C.Chooseanexerciseappwithyourpersonalityinmind.

D.Cooperatewithyourfamilytoaccumulatemoresteps.

【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.C

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过一个试验，介绍了不同个性的玩家对锻炼应用程序的适应性和在游戏

中得到的帮助，即告诉人们选择适合你个性的锻炼应用程序来帮助你锻炼。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。由第二段中的"Inthesecondversion,theyworkedasagrouptogainpoints.（在第二个版本中，

他们作为一个团队工作以获得分数）”可知，第二个版本让参与者合作赚取分数。故选B项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。由第三段中的"Forinstance,playerswhoweremoreoutgoingandmoremotivatedtoperseverewith

theirgoalstendedtoaccumulatemorestepsinthecompetitivemode.（例如，更外向、更有动力坚持目标的玩家

往往会在竞争模式中积累更多的步数）”可知，在竞争模式中外向的玩家会锻炼得更多。故选B项。

【14题详解】

词句猜测题。由第三段中的**Thatsaid,certainversionsofthegameworkedbetterforpeoplewithdifferent

personalitytraits.Forinstance,playerswhoweremoreoutgoingandmoremotivatedtoperseverewiththeirgoals

tendedtoaccumulatemorestepsinthecompetitivemode.Incontrast,quietplayersrespondedwelltothegame

whetheritwascompetitive,cooperative,orsupportive.Athirdtype,madeupofthosewhowerepronetotakerisks

withtheirhealthandsafety（bynotwearingaseatbelt,forexample）,wasnothelpedbythegameatall.（也就是说，

该游戏的某些版本更适合具有不同个性特征的人。例如，更外向、更有动力坚持目标的玩家往往会在竞争

模式中积累更多的步数。相比之下，安静的玩家对游戏反应良好，无论是在竞争、合作还是支持模式下。

第三种类型的人，由那些wereproneto冒健康和安全风险的人组成（比如不系安全带）,根本没有得到游

戏的帮助）”可知，本段主要讲三种不同个性的玩家对游戏的适应性，在游戏中得到的帮助，画线短语所在

句子中“第三种类型的人”应该指的是“那些可能冒健康和安全风险的人"，wereproneto在此处意为

"可能（werelikelyto）"。故选A项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。由第三段中的**Thatsaid,certainversionsofthegameworkedbelterforpeoplewithdifferent

personalitytraits.（也就是说，该游戏的某些版本更适合具有不同个性特征的人）”和最后一段"Sothoughnot

allofusbenefit,exercisegamificationcanwork—andworkespeciallywellwhenyoukeepyourpersonalityinmind

asyouchoosefromamongthemanyavailableapps.（因此，尽管并非所有人都能从中受益，但如果你在众多

可用应用程序中选择时牢记自己的个性，那么运动游戏可以发挥作用，而且效果尤其出色）”可知，文章通

过一个试验，介绍了不同个性的玩家对锻炼应用程序的适应性和在游戏中得到的帮助，即告诉人们选择适

合你个性的锻炼应用程序来帮助你锻炼，C项“选择一款考虑到你个性的运动应用程序”符合文意。故选

C项。

宁夏青铜峡市高级中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

阅读话题：人与社会阅读主题：性格开朗外向人吃更多水果和蔬菜

Scientistsmayhaveevidencethatourpersonalityplaysintooureatinghabits.Peoplewhoareopenand

extroverted（夕卜向的）eatmorefruitsandvegetablesthanothers,accordingtonewresearch.

Thenewreport,publishedinthejournalFrontiersinPsychology,analyzedtheeatinghabitsofmorethan1,000

youngadultsages17to25.Researchersgaveparticipantsatesttomeasureforthe“BigFive^^personalities:

opennesstoexperience,conscientiousness（尽责性）,extroversion,agreeableness,andneuroticism（神经质）.Then

theyaskedsomeparticipantstokeepafooddiaryfor21daysandothersfor13days,inhopesofencouragingmore

peopletocompletethetask.

Participantswhoscoredhigherthanaverageforopennessateabout4.5moreservingsofcombinedfruitsand

vegetablesperweekthanthoselessopenones.Theyalsoconsumedlessunhealthyfood,suchaspotatochipsor

fries.Extroversionalsohadapositiveeffectonfruitsandvegetableconsumption,thoughnotasstronglyas

opennessdid,whileconscientiousnesswasaweakpredictorofproduceconsumption.

Ofcourse,thestudyonlyfoundanassociationbetweenthecharacteristicandeatinghabits,ratherthanadirect

causation.It?slikelythatpeoplewhoareopentonewexperiencestakethosesameattitudestowardfood,study

authorTamlinConner,aprofessorattheUniversityofOtago,toldTheHuffingtonPost.Theirpersonalitymaymake

themmoreeagertotrynewfruitsandvegetables.Butifsalsopossiblethateatinghealthyfoodscancauseanyoneto

feelmorelikeanextrovert:AnotherofConner'sstudiesfoundthatintheshortterm,eatingmorefruitsand

vegetablesresultedinmorefeelingsofmotivation,whichshesaysarekeycharacteristicsofextroversion.

So,youwanttoeatbetter?Starteatinglikeanopen,extrovertedperson."Trytotakeanattitudeofopenness,

especiallytowardunusualhealthyfoods,Connersaid."Gotothestore,andpicksomethingnew.Practicebehaving

likeanopenperson.^^

12.Whatdoesthenewresearchfocuson?

A.Foodandhealth.B.Personalityandhealth.

C.Eatinghabitsandhealth.D.Eatinghabitsandpersonality.

13.Whatdoweknowabouttheexperiment?

A.Itaskedparticipantstosharetheirfooddiaries.

B.Itwascarriedoutamongoldpeople.

C.Itinvolvedfivepersonalities.

D.Itlastedfbramonth.

14.Whichofthefollowingwouldleadyoutoeatmorefruitsandvegetables?

A.Opennesstoexperience.B.Extroversion.

C.Conscientiousness.D.Agreeableness.

15.WhatdoesConnersuggest?

A.Consultinganextrovertaboutfoods.

B.Makingfriendswithopenpeople.

C.Goingonabalanceddiet.

D.Tryingnewhealthyfoods.

【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.D

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家可能有证据表明，我们的性格影响了饮食习惯。根据最新

研究表明，性格开朗外向的人会吃更多的水果和蔬菜。专家呼吁我们试着采取开放的态度，多吃健康食物。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段"Scientistsmayhaveevidencethatourpersonalityplaysintooureatinghabits."（科

学家可能有证据表明，我们的性格影响了我们的饮食习惯。）说明这项新的研究集中在饮食习惯和性格上。

故选D项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段"Researchersgaveparticipantsatesttomeasureforthe"BigFive''personalities:

opennesstoexperience,conscientiousness（尽责性）,extroversion,agreeableness,andneuroticism（神经质）.”（研

究人员对参与者进行了一项测试，以测量“五大”性格：对经验的开放性、责任感、外向、随和、神经质。）

说明我们知道这个实验涉及五种性格。故选C项。

【14题详解】

细节理解题«根据第三段"Participantswhoscoredhigherthanaverageforopennessateabout4.5moreservings

ofcombinedfruitsandvegetablesperweekthanthoselessopenones."（在开放性方面得分高于平均水平的参

与者每周比那些不太开放的参与者多吃4.5份混合水果和蔬菜。）说明对经验开放的会让你吃更多的水果和

蔬菜。故选A项。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段""Trytotakeanattitudeofopenness,especiallytowardunusualhealthyfoods,”

Connersaid.l4Gotothestore,andpicksomethingnew.Practicebehavinglikeanopenperson.""（康纳说：”试

着采取开放的态度，尤其是对不寻常的健康食品。”“去商店买点新东西。练习表现得像一个开放的人。”）

说明康纳建议尝试新的健康食品。故选D项。

浙江省9+1高中联盟2021-2022学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

阅读话题：人与社会阅读主题：疫情下床上工作可能会破坏健康

Formanypeople,workingfromhome,or'WFH',hasalsocometomean'WFB'-workingfrombed.Getting

dressedandgoingtoanofficehasbeenreplacedbysplashingwateronyourfaceandswitchingonacomputeras

yousettlebackunderyourblanket.Peoplemayhaveadeskorakitchentabletoplacetheircomputeron-theyjust

choosenotto.

Buttherealityisthatturningyourbedintoyourofficecansetoffalargenumberofhealthproblems,both

psychologicalandphysical.Andevenifyoudon'tnoticethemnow,adverseeffects-possiblypermanent-could

appearlateroninlife.Youngpeopleareparticularlylikelytofallvictimtothesebadhabits,becausetheymaynot

feeltheconsequencesrightaway,whichcouldincludesimpleheadaches,andcouldalsoextendtopermanent

stiffnessinyourback,andseverepaininthebones.

Whenyouworkfrombedforayear,itdoesn'tjustpotentiallyruinyourbody.Itspossiblybadforyour

productivityandsleephabits,too.RachelSalas,asleepexpertatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinMaryland,explained

that“themoreyouwatchTVinbed,playvideogamesinbedandnotsleepinbed,yourbrainstartslearning,'oh,OK,

wecandoanyoneoftheseactivitiesinbed1.Itstartsbuildingconnections.^^

So,whenyouspreadoutonyourbedyourlaptop,phoneandallthescreensyourjobrequireseveryday,your

brainandbodyeventuallystopassociatingbedwithrest."You'rereallytrainingyourbraintobealert,andtellingit

thisiswhereyourideascomeandthisiswheretheworkisdone,“addsSalas."Whenyou'retryingtogotosleep,

yourbrainislike-'waitaminute,whatarewedoing?Thisisworktime'."Doingthisforayear,oranyextended

periodoftime,couldleadtocircadianrhythmdisorder（昼夜节律紊舌L）.Anddisturbednights,bodypainorboth

meanthatyou'relesslikelytobeproductive,creativeorfocused,makingitlikelyyourworkcouldsuffer.

27.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“adverse"inparagraph2?

A.Beneficial.

B.Harmful.

C.Temporary.

D.Ever-lasting.

28.Whatdoweknowaboutthehealthproblemscausedbyworkingfrombed?

A.Youngpeoplearelesslikelytosufferfromthem.

B.Theycanbepermanentandcanbeeasilynoticed.

C.Youngpeoplemightnoticethemlateronintheirlife.

D.Theyonlyappearwhenyouworkfrombedforayear.

29.WhatdoesRachelSalassayaboutworkingfrombed?

A.Ittrainsyourbraintobemorealertandcreative.

B.Itmakesyousleepyandeasilydistractedfromwork.

C.It'sbetterthanwatchingTVorplayinggamesinbed.

D.Itmakesyourbrainconnectbedwithworkratherthanrest.

30Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.Bedsarenottheperfectworkingsites.

B.Yourproductivitysuffersfromworkingfromhome.

C.Workingfrombedcouldruinbothyourhealthandwork.

D.Turningyourbedintoyourofficehasbecomeanewtrend.

【答案】27.B28.C29.D30.C

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了许多人在家里的床上工作，这种工作方式取代了去办公室上班，

而经科学研究表明在床上工作可能会破坏你的健康和影响你的工作效率和质量。

[27题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第二段的"Youngpeopleareparticularlylikelytofallvictimtothesebadhabits,becausethey

maynotfeeltheconsequencesrightaway,whichcouldincludesimpleheadaches,andcouldalsoextendto

permanentstiffnessinyourback,andseverepaininthebones.（年轻人特别容易成为这些坏习惯的受害者，因

为他们可能不会立即感受到后果，其中可能包括简单的头痛，也可能扩展到背部永久僵硬和骨骼的剧烈疼

痛。）“可知，这些不良后果可能会随着时间的推移而出现。再结合前面的"effects-possiblypermanent-could

appearlateroninlife（影响可能是永久性的可能会在以后的生活中出现）“可知，adverse一词意

为'‘有害的，不好的”，选项中harmful与其意思相同。故选B。

[28题详解】

细节理解题。根据第1题的分析和第二段的"Buttherealityisthatturningyourbedintoyourofficecansetoff

alargenumberofhealthproblems,bothpsychologicalandphysical.Andevenifyoudon'tnoticethemnow,adverse

effects-possiblypermanent-couldappearlateroninlife.（但现实是，把床变成办公室会引发大量的心理和生

理健康问题。即使你现在没有注意到它们，那些不良影响，可能是永久性的，可能会在以后的生活中出

现。）”可知，关于在床上工作造成的健康问题，年轻人可能会在以后的生活中注意到它们。故选C。

【29题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段的"So,whenyouspreadoulonyourbedyourlaptop,phoneandallthescreensyourjob

requireseveryday,yourbrainandbodyeventuallystopassociatingbedwithrest."You'rereallytrainingyourbrain

tobealert,andtellingitthisiswhereyourideascomeandthisiswheretheworkisdone,“addsSalas.（因此，当

你将笔记本电脑、手机和你每天工作所需的电子设备放在床上时，你的大脑和身体最终会停止将床与休息

联系起来。Salas补充道，“你实际上是在训练你的大脑保持警觉，并告诉它床是你的想法的来源，也是工

作完成的地方。“）”可知，RachelSalas认为在床上工作使你的大脑将床与工作联系起来，而不是与休息

联系起来。故选D。

【30题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Whenyouworkfrombedforayear,itdoesn'tjustpotentiallyruinyourbody.It's

possiblybadforyourproductivityandsleephabits,too.（当你在床上工作一年时，它不仅可能破坏你的身体。

这也可能对你的工作效率和睡眠习惯不利。）”可知，在床上工作可能会破坏你的健康，结合第2题的分

析可知，该句是在总结第二段的内容；同时该句话又引出第四段的"Doingthisforayear,oranyextended

periodoftime,couldleadtocircadianrhythmdisorder.Anddisturbednights,bodypainorbothmeanthatyou're

lesslikelytobeproductive,creativeorfocused,makingitlikelyyourworkcouldsuffer.（这样做一年或更长的时

间，都可能导致昼夜节律紊乱。而夜夜不安、身体瘩痛或两者兼而有之，意味着你不太可能有工作效率、

创造力或专注力，从而使你的工作可能会受到影响。）”，即在床上工作可能会对你的工作产生不良影响。

由此可知，该句话是本文的主旨大意：在床上工作可能会破坏你的健康和影响你的工作效率和质量。故选

C。

河南省实验中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

阅读话题：人与社会阅读主题：一幅令人难以置信的大脑新地图

的研究

Forsomethingthatweighsonlyaboutthreepounds,thehumanbrainhasalotofresponsibility.Deepwithinall

thosegrayfoldsandcreasesarethecontrolsforeverythingyoudo.

Morethanacenturyago,scientistsfirstmappedthebrainastheyworkedtodevelopanunderstandingofeach

particularregion.Earlyon,themapsweresimple:Whichpartofthebraincontrolledspeech?Whichcontrolled

hearing?Havingadetailed,accurateguideensuresthatstudiesareusingthesamepointsofreferenceandmakesfor

moreefficient,accurateinvestigations.

Now,however,thingsaremuchmoreintricate.Researchershavejustreleasedanincrediblenewmapofthe

brain,revealingnearly100newareasthatwerepreviouslyundiscoveredorforgotten.Manyexpertsarecallingthis

amilestoneinneuroscienceaccordingtotheNewYorkTimes.Thenewmaphasbeenpublishedinthejournal

Nature.

ThenewmapdrawsondatacollectedbytheHumanConnectomeProject,whichstudied1,200peopleusing

high-poweredMRIscannerstounderstandhowbraincircuitryworks.Forthestudy,theparticipants,brainswere

recordedwhiletheylaidinthescanner,whiletheydidvariousmathproblemsandmemorytests,andwhilethey

listenedtostories.Researchersdrewboundariesbasedonwheretheseandprevioustestsseemedtomatch.They

alsolookedatanatomicaldifferences,measuring,forexample,theamountofmyelin—afattysubstancethat

surroundssomeneurons—indifferentareasofthebrain.

“Wehave112differenttypesofinformationwecantapinto,“studyco-authorDavidVanEssenofWashington

UniversityMedicalSchooltoldtheNewYorkTimes.

Withallthosevariablesinhand,researcherseventuallycreatedamapthatincluded83alreadyfamiliarareasof

thebrain,plusanadditional97regionsthatwereeitherpreviouslyundiscovered,orsomehowforgottenandlostin

scientificliteraturealongtheway.Somepreviouslyknownregionsarehowbrokendownintosub-regionswith

separateresponsibilities.Forexample,thedorsolateralprefrontalcortexisalargeareatowardthefrontofthebrain

thafsactiveduringthought.Thenewmapshowsthatit'smadeupofmanysmallerareasthatcanbekeyfor

differentkindsofthought,rangingfrommakingdecisionstolying.

Whileexpertsarelaudingthenewmap,ifsfarfromcomplete,saytheresearcherswhocreatedit.

“We'rethinkingofthisasversion1.0"，saysleadauthorMatthewGlasser,aneuroscientistatWashington

UniversitySchoolofMedicine.^^Thatdoesn'tmeanit'sthefinalversion,butit'safarbettermapthantheones

we'vehadbefore.”

12.Inthethirdparagraph,whatdoestheword“intricate"mean?

A.amazingB.trickyC.complicatedD.difficult

13.What'stheresearchers9attitudetonewmapofthebrain?

A.Theythinkitisstillincomplete.B.Theythinkitisthebestversion.

C.Theydon'tlikethenewmapofthebrain.D.Theythinkitisamilestoneinneuroscience.

14.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thenewmapincluded97unfamiliarareasofthebrain.

B.Thenewmapusedpreviousdatatostudythebraincircuitry.

C.Participants1brainsweremonitoredwhentheyweretellingstories.

D.Thedorsolateralprefrontalcortexisasmallareswhichiscrucialforthinking.

15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Theresponsibilityofthebraincircuitry.

B.Mixedopinionsonthenewmapofthebrain.

C.Astudyonanincrediblenewmapofthebrain.

D.Theunderstandingofthefamiliarareasofthebrain.

【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.C

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员刚刚发布了一幅令人难以置信的大脑新地图，揭示了近100个以前未

被发现或被遗忘的新区域。文章介绍了研究开展的过程、发现以及人们对此的看法。

【12题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第三段中uResearchershavejustreleasedanincrediblenewmapofthebrain,revealingnearly

100newareasthatwerepreviouslyundiscoveredorforgotten.Manyexpertsarecallingthisamilestonein

neuroscienceaccordingtodieNewYorkTimes.”可知，研究人员刚刚发布了一幅令人难以置信的大脑新地

图，揭示了近100个以前未被发现或被遗忘的新区域。据《纽约时报》报道，许多专家称这是神经科学的

一个里程碑，且however表示转折，说明现在的情况比以前要复杂得多了。故intricate意思是“复杂的”。

A.amazing令人惊异的；B.tricky狡猾的；C.complicated复杂的；D.difficult困难的。故选C。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Whileexpertsarelaudingthenewmap,it（sfarfromcomplete,saytheresearchers

whocreatedit.（尽管专家们对这幅新地图赞不绝口，但绘制它的研究人员表示，它还远远不够完整）”可知，

研究人员认为新的大脑图谱仍然不完整。故选A。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Withallthosevariablesinhand,researcherseventuallycreatedamapthat

included83alreadyfamiliarareasofthebrain,plusanadditional97regionsthatwereeitherpreviously

undiscovered,orsomehowforgottenandlostinscientificliteraturealongtheway.（在掌握了所有这些变量后，研

究人员最终绘制出了一张地图，其中包括83个已经熟悉的大脑区域，以及另外97个以前没有被发现或在

科学文献中被遗忘或丢失的区域）”可知，A选项“新地图包括了97个不熟悉的大脑区域”正确。故选A。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Researchershavejustreleasedanincrediblenewmapofthebrain,revealingnearly

100newareasthatwerepreviouslyundiscoveredorforgotten.Manyexpertsarecallingthisamilestonein

neuroscienceaccordingtotheNewYorkTimes.（研究人员刚刚发布了一幅令人难以置信的大脑新地图，揭示

了近100个以前未被发现或被遗忘的新区域。据《纽约时报》报道，许多专家称这是神经科学的一个里程

碑）”结合文章介绍了研究开展的过程、发现以及人们对此的看法。可知，这篇文章的主旨是对一幅令人难

以置信的大脑新地图的研究。故选C。

哈尔滨市第六中学2021-2022学年高三上期期中考试英语试题

阅读话题：人与社会阅读主题：平流层卫星

Nothingdrawsattentiontoyournewproductlikeusingittosendfastfoodintospace.InJune,Arizona-based

WorldViewdemonstratedthepotentialofitspioneeringstratollite—asortofminisatellitethatusesaballoontotake

goodsintothestratosphere（平流层）一bypartneringwithKFCtolerrya5-ouncepieceoffriedchicken77,000feet

intothedesertsky."Wetookachickensandwich,launcheditintospacefbr17hours,andwhenitcameback,itwas

perfect,saysWorldViewCEOJanePoynter.

Poynter*sfinalgoalistosendtouriststospace,tiedtothecompany'sballoons,andtomakethefinalfrontier

moreaccessibleforresearch.Stratollitesareinexpensive,compact,andeasytooperate,idealformonitoring

weatherpatternsandprovidingmilitaryreconnaissance（侦查）oremergencycommunicationsduringnatural

disasters.Theycanalsodowhattraditionalsatellitescan't:spendmonthsaboveaspecificlocationwithoutmoving.

ThoughPoynterdidnotformallytrainasanengineer,shehasspenthercareerinleadingspaceresearch.The

BritishnativetrainedherskillsasatechnicalmanagerwhilepartofBiosphere2,anArizonaresearchfacilitybuiltto

testaself-enclosed,self-sufficientecosystem.Itscreatorshopeditcouldonedaybeadaptedforuseinspace.She

spenttwoyearsintheearly1990ssealedinsidetheBiosphere2withsevenothers,experiencingeverythingfrom

oxygenfailurestocolleagues,emotionalbreakdowns.

Poyntermetherfuturehusband,TaberMacCallum,ontheproject,andafterward,thecoupleformedParagon

SpaceDevelopment.Theybegandesigningbiospheresthatcouldsupportplantandanimallifeinorbit.

“Weshowedit'spossibleforanimalstoliveinanenvironmenttheyarenotusedto:microgravity,''Poynter

says.

In2014,PoynterandMaccallumachievedanotherfirst.Theyledth