新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习专题一阅读理解第二部分怎样准解题第一讲细节理解题-据文比对定答案教师用书

阅读理解占据着高考试卷的第一部分，所占的分数比重也是最大。“良好的开端是成功的一半”，阅读理解解答的顺利与否直接影响着后面其他试题的答题时间和答题心态。准做、快做阅读理解试题，为攻克后面的题目节省时间。第一讲细节理解题——据文比对定答案细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文中定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出答案。因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。【近3年全国卷考情分析】清迷点·扫盲点提升审题能力知答题方略明命题方式“两关注”“一防范”巧解细节理解题1.两关注：关注正确选项的特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的综合理解和推断归纳。2.一防范：防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。在做间接信息题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，避免误选答案。必要时要对原文信息进行归结，然后比对选项，进而选出正确答案。直接细节题常见设问方式：◆Whichactivitywillyouchooseif...？◆Whatwillyou/thestudentsdo...？◆Whencanyou...？◆Wherecanyou...？◆Whowill...？间接细节题常见设问方式：Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...？Howdoesthewriterrecommend...toreaders？Howmany/much......？技法1直接信息理解题——关键词定位法在解答直接信息理解题时，考生可采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”。先从题干中提取关键词(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段、哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比对所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。【解题流程】[典例][2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A]PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone'sparkphotographerforahands­onprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19­Waterfalls&WideAngles：meetatArtistPoint.7/10­Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.23．WherewilltheparticipantsmeetfortheJuly10photographyworkshop?A．ArtistPoint.B．WashburnTrailhead.C．CanyonVillageStore.D．VisitorEducationCenter.[解析]细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“July10photographyworkshop”定位到选段最后一句“7/10­Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.”可知，7月10日参加者要在“WashburnTrailhead”碰面。[自主解答]________技法2间接信息理解题——二次加工慎判定为了更好地考查考生的语言能力和思维品质，命题人往往会对具体细节信息加以修饰或转换，以间接的方式来考查考生。如果说直接信息理解题是直来直去考，那么间接信息理解题则是拐弯抹角考。直接信息理解题检索出信息就可得出答案，而间接信息理解题需对检索出的信息进行二次加工才能得出答案。1．同义转换法使用同根词、同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换关键词，例如使用ask来替换文中的require，使用lessdifferent来替换文中的moreincommon等。【解题流程】[典例1][2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D]Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday，theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We'retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman­natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit，”saidPeterKahn，aseniorauthorofthestudy.35．WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A．Languagestudy.B．Environmentalconservation.C．Publiceducation.D．Interculturalcommunication.[解析]细节理解题。利用原词复现解题。由题干中的关键词“interact”定位到原文关键句“Andforthattohappen，wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit”可知，我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然。[自主解答]________

[典例2][2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A]Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.23．Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A．Youwillreceiveazero.B．Youwilllosealettergrade.C．Youwillbegivenatest.D．Youwillhavetorewriteit.[解析]细节理解题。由题干中的关键词“submit”定位到原文关键句为“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.”，比对选项和信息句可知，如果你在截止日期过后一周才上交，你的成绩将会是零分。submit与turnin为同义转述。[自主解答]________2．归纳概括考分析综合为了增加细节信息试题的难度，命题人有时候也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，一个细节信息试题涉及一段或者几段的具体内容，需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。虽然此类试题各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但需要考生具有一定的概括和归纳能力。【解题流程】[典例3][2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B]WhenJohnToddwasachild，helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse，observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream，forexample，oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder，Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture，medicine，andfisheriesincollege，Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer­causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants，hefigured，maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco­machine.24．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Hewasfondoftraveling.B．Heenjoyedbeingalone.C．Hehadaninquiringmind.D．Helongedtobeadoctor.[解析]根据第一段中的“observinghownaturesolvedproblems”和“Whenhegotolder，Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking”和第二段中的“Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions”以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人。longtodosth.“渴望做某事”。[自主解答]________技法3数字计算题——加减乘除巧破解常涉及时间、年龄、年代、价钱、数量、距离等数字信息的简单加工。计算量较小，比较容易。找出计算背后所隐含的信息并理解文章相应的信息是准确解题的关键。【解题流程】[典例][2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A]WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2，500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations，wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety，includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡)，bikeswithchildseats，andchildren'sbikes.Prices HandBrake，ThreeGearsFootBrake，NoGears1hour7.505.003hours11.007.501day(24hours)14.759.75Eachadditionalday8.006.0021．WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A．Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B．Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C．Itorganizesfreecycletours.D．Ithasover2，500rentalshops.[解析]数字计算题。读题干定位到选段尾句“Weofferthenewestbicycles...withchildseats，andchildren'sbikes”可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车，包括带脚刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。[自主解答]________练重点练难点·创新应用体验[2023·福州市毕业班第二次质量检测]WALKIETALKIETOWERCLIMBDaretotakethestairsforarunchallenge!SignupandclimbupLondon'sWalkieTalkiebuildingon4March2023.RunorwalkuptheWalkieTalkiebuilding,andraisemoneytohelpseriouslyillchildrenatGreatOrmondStreetHospital.Climbover35floorsand896stepsbeforebeingrewardedwithacelebratorydrink.gosh.org/get­involved/fundraising­eventsRACETOREMEMBERWhynottakeonRacetoRemember.JoinTeamCombatStresson11thNovember2023andhelpraisefundsforveterans(老兵).Choosefroma76kmora36kmwalkorrun.AllracesfinishattheHMSVictoryinPortsmouth.Theregistrationfeeis75(76kmevent)or40(36kmevent)．events..ukTIMETORUNRunforresearchandtakeon50milesin50days!Takeonthisvirtualrunanywhere,anytimebetween1Marchand19April.We'reinvestinginpioneeringprojectsthatcouldslow,stoporchangeParkinson'scompletely.Andweaimtodeliverthenextnewtreatmentinyears.BytakingpartinTimetoRun,you'refundingParkinson'sUKresearch.Yourfundraisingwillhelpusfasttrackthemostpromisingtreatments.Signuptodayforjust5.events..uk/TTR23LONDONMARATHONGetyourrunningshoesonandjoinDepaulUKfortheTCS2023LondonMarathon.We'llcheeryouonasyouhelpraisevitalfundsforyoungpeopleaffectedbyhomelessness.StartinginGreenwichPark,you'llrunoverTowerBridgetowardsamemorablefinishonTheMall.Joinusatthestartlineandshowyoursupportforyoungpeople,Tosecureyourplace,signuptoday.kurt..uk1．Whichwebsitewouldyouvisitifyouwanttoclimbstairs?A．events..ukB．events..uk/TTR23C．kurt..ukD．gosh.org/get­involved/fundraising­events2．WhowillbenefitfromTIMETORUN?A．Sickchildren.B．Veterans.C．Thehomeless.D．TheParkinson'spatients.3．Whataretheseactivitiesaimedfor?A．Fun.B．Health.C．Charity.D．Workout.专题一阅读理解——先检索·再加工第二部分怎样准解题第一讲细节理解题——据文比对定答案技法1典例B技法2典例1B典例2A典例3C技法3典例B练重点练难点·创新应用体验【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是一些为慈善筹款的比赛的相关信息。1