四川省达州市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题（解析版）

PAGEPAGE1四川省达州市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Bythelake.B.Athome.C.Inacar.2.WhyhappenedtoKelly?A.Shewasillathome.B.Hercomputercrashed.C.Shelostthecustomerinformation.3.What’swrongwithAmy?A.Shehasafever.B.Shehasaheadache.C.Shegotherforeheadburnt.4.WhowasbornonApril5th?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Thewoman’sbrother.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howtospendtheirholiday.B.Whattheydidonholiday.C.Withwhomtospendtheirholiday.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话,回答第6至7题。6.Whathappenedtothewoman’ssuitcase?A.Itwasdamaged.B.Itgotlost.C.Itwasstolen.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Customerandshopowner.B.Touristandguide.C.Hotelguestandwaiter.听下面一段材料,回答第8至9题。8.WhatdidJimdolastweek?A.Heorderedacake.B.Heboughtasuit.C.HeselectedadressforAnna.9.WhatwillthemanhelpAnnado?A.Bookthehotel.B.Sendoutinvitations.C.Choosesomeflowers.听下面一段对话,回答第10至12题。10.HowdoesLaurafindhernewjob?A.Interesting.B.Tough.C.Boring.11.WhatdoesLaurasayabouthermanager?A.She’shelpful.B.She’sstrict.C.She’sinexperienced.12.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Playbasketball.B.Watchagame.C.Workovertime.听下面一段对话,回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Hostingaprogram.B.Reportingarace.C.Trainingaplayer.14.Whenwillthefinalracetakeplace?A.Intendays.B.Intwoweeks.C.Inamonth.15.WhatdoesDaviddecidetodonextyear?A.Practiceforagoldmedal.B.AttendtheOlympicGames.C.JoinYaleUniversity’sswimteam.16.WhatisAlan?A.Afootballplayer.B.Aswimmer.C.Acoach.听下面一段独白,回答第17至20题。17.Wheredoesthespeakercomefrom?A.Spain.B.France.C.England.18.Whydoesthespeakertravelaroundtheworld?A.Fortraining.B.Forsightseeing.C.Formatches.19.Whatpositiondoesthespeakerplay?A.Heisastriker.B.Heisagoalkeeper.C.Heisamidfielder.20.Whatresultistheteammorelikelytoachievenextyear?A.Thefirstplace.B.Thesecondplace.C.Thethirdplace.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ASinger-songwriterswritesongs,buthowdotheydoit?Wheredomusiciansgettheirinspirationfrom?Whatcomesfirst—themusicorthelyrics(歌词)?Itturnsoutthateveryonehastheirownwayofwritingwhichworksforthem.BobDylanHeisamusicianwithauniquemusicalstyle,whichhasbeendescribedasfolkrock,gospel,countryandjazz.HetoldtheBBCthathegetsalotofhiswritinginspirationfromnovelslikeDonQuixoteandRobinsonCrusoe.Hesaid“Theygiveyouawayoflookingatlifeandunderstandingofhumannatureandastandardtomeasurethingsby.”Hehashadacareerspanningsixdecadesandhaswonmanysongwritingawards.StephenSondheimStephenSondheim,amusicaltheatrecomposerwhodiedin2021,saidinaninterviewwithTheNewYorkerthat,whenitcomestosongwriting,thestressinaphraseisveryimportantforhim.“Youcanstartwritingalyric,andthentheinflection(变音)ofthelyricsuggestsatune.”Therefore,inhiswayofwriting,themusicandlyricscomeatroughlythesametime.TaylorSwiftIn2022,TaylorSwiftwonaSongwriter-ArtistoftheDecadeAward.Inherspeech,shesaidlyricsareherfavouritepartofsongwriting.Shedescribesthemajorityofhersongsashavinga“modernstorylineorreferences,withapoetictwist”andcommonlyusesreallifeexperiencesandconversationsasinfluence.JohnDenverDenverearnedinternationalreputationasasongwriter,performer,actor,environmentalistandhumanitarian.Johnsaid,“Iobtainendlessmusefrommyexperiencesinenvironmentalandhumanitarianwork.”Johnwasoneofthefirstartiststoshareanenvironmentalmessagethroughhismusic.1.WhattypeofmusicdoesStephenSondheimcompose?A.Folkrock. B.Musicalplay. C.Countrymusic. D.Jazz.2.Whosemusicconveysthemessageofnatureprotection?A.BobDylan’s. B.StephenSondheim’s. C.JohnDenver’s. D.TaylorSwift’s.3.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanthetextbefound?A.Culture. B.Art. C.Literature. D.Language.〖答案〗1.B2.C3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了鲍勃·迪伦、史蒂芬·桑德海姆、泰勒·斯威夫特、约翰·丹佛四位创作型歌手写歌的独特方式。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据“StephenSondheim”下面的“StephenSondheim,amusicaltheatrecomposer”可知，史蒂芬·桑德海姆是一位音乐剧作曲者，他创作的音乐类型是音乐剧。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据“JohnDenver”下面的“J Denverearnedinternationalreputationasasongwriter,performer,actor,environmentalistandhumanitarian.Johnsaid,“Iobtainendlessmusefrommyexperiencesinenvironmentalandhumanitarianwork.”Johnwasoneofthefirstartiststoshareanenvironmentalmessagethroughhismusic.(作为作曲家、表演者、演员、环保主义者和人道主义者，丹佛赢得了国际声誉。约翰说:“我从环境和人道主义工作的经历中获得了无尽的灵感。”约翰是最早通过他的音乐分享环境信息的艺术家之一。)”可知，约翰·丹佛的音乐里含有保护自然的信息。故选C。【3题详析】文章出处题。根据第一段中的“Singer-songwriterswritesongs,buthowdotheydoit?(创作型歌手写歌，但他们是怎么做到的？)”和“Itturnsoutthateveryonehastheirownwayofwritingwhichworksforthem.(事实证明，每个人都有自己的写作方式。)”并结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了鲍勃·迪伦、史蒂芬·桑德海姆、泰勒·斯威夫特、约翰·丹佛四位创作型歌手写歌的独特方式。本文与音乐有关，而音乐属于艺术范畴，所以本文最有可能出自报纸的艺术模块。故选B。B“THEY’REALLINTROUBLE,”saysKenyanecologistPaulaKahumbu.“Allelephantsareinmajor,majortrouble.”Populationsofthethreespecieshavedeclined:savanna(热带草原)elephantsforestelephantsandthesmaller-earedAsianelephants.Andwe’retoblame.We’veexpanded(扩张)intoelephantterritory,buildinghomesandroads,cuttingdownforestsandplantingcrops.Besides,withtheriseofpoaching(偷猎),thenumberofelephantshasdecreasedandbecamedangerouslylowinthepastfivedecades.“Poachingdoesn’tjustdestroyanimals,”saysKahumbu,“itgraduallyweakenssociety.”That’swhyherorganizationmonitoredpoachingcasesinKenyancourts,launchedacampaigncalledHandsOffOurElephantsandeducatedchildrenonthevalueofwildlife.Kahumbu’sgoalisnobleandurgent:tochange“thewholenationalawarenessaboutconservation.”Now,she’stakinghermessagetoaninternationalstagewithSecretsoftheElephants,afour-partseriesonNationalGeographic.Itexploresthehiddenlivesofelephantsinfourhabitats—Asia,plusAfricanforests,deserts,andsavannas—aswellasthepeoplewhoareracingtosavetheanimals.“Wekindofknowwhattheyneed,butwearen’talwaysgenerousenough.”SecretsoftheElephants,shehopes,willfamiliarizepeoplewiththewildlifethatlivesamongthem.Whilemakingtheseries,thedifficultsituationofsomeelephantsshockedher.“Youlookattheirfacesandtheylooksosad,”shesays.SheparticularlynoticedthisinAsia,whereAsianelephantsandpeopleliveinincreasinglyclosedistance.“DespitedecadesofresearchintoAfricanelephants,muchresearchintoAsianelephantshasfallenbehind—whichiswhyourprogrammeinthefollowingpageswillfocusonthisspecies,”sheadds.4.Whatdoesparagraph2focuson?A.Thefeaturesofthreespeciesofelephants. B.Thedifferentsituationsoftheelephants.C.Thecausesforthedecreaseoftheelephants. D.TheimpactofHumanbehaviorsonelephants.5.WhatdidKahumbudo?A.Shemonitoredpoachershuntingelephants. B.Shefilmedafeatureaboutelephants.C.Shestartedanationalwildlifeprotectionmovement. D.Shechangedpeople’sawarenessofwildlifeprotection.6.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheAsianelephants?A.Theyliketogetclosetohumans. B.Theyarealmostignoredbyexperts.C.Theyremainmysterioustohumans. D.Theyaregraduallylosingtheirhabitat.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Takeaction:StopPoaching B.Filmseries:SecretsoftheElephantsC.Kahumbu:ABraveKenyanEcologist D.Endangered:ThreeSpeciesofElephants〖答案〗4.D5.C6.D7.D【语篇解读】本文是篇说明文。文章描述了三种大象数量急剧下降的现状和原因，以及肯尼亚生态学家PaulaKahumbu的组织对保护大象所作的努力。【4题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Populationsofthethreespecieshavedeclined:savanna(热带草原)elephantsforestelephantsandthesmaller-earedAsianelephants.”（这三种物种的数量已经下降：热带草原象、森林象和小耳朵亚洲象。）和“Andwe’retoblame.”（我们应负责任。）和后面对人类行为的具体描述可知，本段主要在讲述人类行为对大象产生的影响。故选D。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“That’swhyherorganizationmonitoredpoachingcasesinKenyancourts,launchedacampaigncalledHandsOffOurElephantsandeducatedchildrenonthevalueofwildlife.Kahumbu’sgoalisnobleandurgent:tochange“thewholenationalawarenessaboutconservation.”（这就是为什么她的组织在肯尼亚法院监控偷猎案件，发起了一项名为“放开我们的大象”的运动，并教育孩子们了解野生动物的价值。Kahumbu的目标崇高而紧迫:改变“整个国家对环境保护的意识”。）可知，Kahumbu发起了一项全国的野生动物保护运动。故选C。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whilemakingtheseries,thedifficultsituationofsomeelephantsshockedher.“Youlookattheirfacesandtheylooksosad,”shesays.”（在拍摄这个系列的时候，一些大象的困境震惊了她。“你看看它们的脸，它们看起来很悲伤，”她说。）和“SheparticularlynoticedthisinAsia,whereAsianelephantsandpeopleliveinincreasinglyclosedistance.”（她在亚洲特别注意到这一点，在那里，亚洲象和人的住的距离越来越近。）可知，大象正生活在困境当中，生活得很艰难、痛苦，亚洲的大象和人住的越来越近，说明大象的栖息地正逐渐被人类占领，它们也逐渐失去了自己的栖息地。故选D。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段““THEY’REALLINTROUBLE,”saysKenyanecologistPaulaKahumbu.“Allelephantsareinmajor,majortrouble.””（“它们都有麻烦了，”肯尼亚生态学家PaulaKahumbu说：“所有的大象都有很大的麻烦。”）和第二段“Populationsofthethreespecieshavedeclined:savanna(热带草原)elephantsforestelephantsandthesmaller-earedAsianelephants.”（这三种物种的数量已经下降：热带草原象、森林象和小耳朵亚洲象。）以及全文内容可知，本文主要描述了三种大象数量急剧下降、濒临灭绝的现状和原因。故选D。CSendingachildtoaselectiveschool(精英学校)offersnobenefitiftheyarehigh-achievingatage11andmayevenputthematadisadvantage,accordingtoaresearchthatanalyzedalmosthalfamillionpupilsfromdifferenttypesofschools—selectives,non-selectives,comprehensiveschoolsandgrammarschools,includingareaswhereparentscouldchoosetheirdesiredschools.Theresearchfoundthatthehighestachieversatage11werelesslikelytoachievefivehighGCSEgradesiftheywenttoagrammarschoolthaniftheywenttoacomprehensiveschoolonceotherfactorsweretakenintoaccount.Theresearcherslookedatdataonalmost500,000pupilswhoattendedstateschoolsinEnglandandtookGCSEsin2016,beforethegradingsystemwaschangedtousenumbers.Itanalyzedtheirtestscoresatage11,aswellastheirsocialbackgrounds,ethnicities,specialeducationalneeds,genders(性别)andtheirbirthmonths.Besides,theyusedanalysismodelsthatlookedatresultsinthe36localauthoritieswithgrammarschoolsandthe116withonlycomprehensiveschools,aswellasareasthathadbothkinds.Theresearchersconcludedthat,oppositetopopularbelief,selectionisdamagingtohighperformers.Theysuggestedthatthiscouldbebecauseofthe“bigfishlittlepondeffect”andthatpupilsinselectiveschoolsmaybedemotivated(失去动力)byseeingthemselvesaslessableincomparisontotheirclassmates.Thepaperalsowarnedthatpupilswhodonotgetintogrammarschoolsmaysufferfromalackofrolemodels,asenseoffailureandahigherconcentrationofdisadvantagedpupilsintheirschools.Thestressofacompetitivesystemmayalsohaveanegativeeffectonperformance,theresearchersadded,ortheremaybewiderissuesthattheresearchcouldnotidentify.Expansionofgrammarschoolsandtheselectivesystemwasunlikelytoraisenationalacademicstandards,theresearcherssaid,butrecommendedfurtherstudiestoassessregionalimpact.8.Whatisthepurposeofwritingparagraph1?A.Toindicatepossibleviews. B.Toshowdifferencesbetweenschools.C.Togivebackgroundinformation. D.Tointroducetheresearchconclusion.9.Howdoestheauthordescribetheresearchers’workinparagraph3?A.Bygivingdata. B.Bysummarizingresults. C.Bylistingexamples. D.Byexplainingreasons.10.Whatisthepopularbeliefaboutselection?A.Itbenefitshighperformers. B.Itisunfairformoststudents.C.Itdiscouragesaveragestudents. D.Itpromotesdisadvantagedpupils.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetotheselectivesystem?A.Supportive. B.Uncaring. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.〖答案〗8.D9.A10.A11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究表明，如果孩子在11岁时表现优异，把他们送进精英学校对他们没有任何好处，甚至可能使他们处于不利地位。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Sendingachildtoaselectiveschool(精英学校)offersnobenefitiftheyarehigh-achievingatage11andmayevenputthematadisadvantage, accordingtoaresearchthatanalyzedalmosthalfamillionpupilsfromdifferenttypesofschools”（根据一项分析了来自不同类型学校的近50万名学生的研究研究表明，如果孩子在11岁时表现优异，把他们送到名牌学校并没有任何好处，甚至可能会让他们处于劣势）和第二段“Theresearchfoundthat...”（这项研究发现……）可知，第一段主要是为了引出研究的结论。故选D。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theresearcherslookedatdataonalmost500,000pupilswhoattendedstateschoolsinEnglandandtookGCSEsin2016,beforethegradingsystemwaschangedtousenumbers.”（研究人员研究了2016年英国公立学校近50万名学生的数据，这些学生在评分系统改为使用数字之前参加了普通中等教育证书考试。）和“Besides,theyusedanalysismodelsthatlookedatresultsinthe36localauthoritieswithgrammarschoolsandthe116withonlycomprehensiveschools,aswellasareasthathadbothkinds.”（此外，他们还使用了分析模型，研究了36个有文法学校的地方政府和116个只有综合学校的地方政府，以及两种学校都有的地区的结果。）可知，在该段中，作者通过给出相关数据描述了研究者们的研究工作。故选A。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Theresearchersconcludedthat,oppositetopopularbelief,selectionisdamagingtohighperformers.”（研究人员得出结论，与普遍看法相反，择优选拔正对表现优异者造成伤害。）中的“oppositetopopularbelief”可知，普遍看法应该是择优选拔对表现优异者有好处。故选A。【11题详析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者主要介绍了一项研究表明如果孩子在11岁时表现优异，把他们送进精英学校对他们没有任何好处，甚至可能使他们处于不利地位。结合最后一段的“Thestressofacompetitivesystemmayalsohaveanegativeeffectonperformance,theresearchersadded,ortheremaybewiderissuesthattheresearchcouldnotidentify.”（研究人员补充说，一个竞争系统的压力也可能对表现产生负面影响，或者可能存在研究未能确定的更广泛的问题。）推知，作者对于选拔系统持怀疑态度。故选C。DThereisnodoubtthatartificialintelligence—orAI—hasbecomeanimportantpartofourlives.Itisnolongerjustathingofsciencefiction:it’sanincredibletechnologicalbreakthroughthathaschangedthewaywelive.ButtherearefearsthatAIhasbecometoointelligentandcouldbeathreattohumanity.Thisclaimmightsoundextreme,butalettersignedbymorethan1,000technologyexperts,includingTeslabossElonMusk,calledontheworldtopresspause(暂停)onthedevelopmentofmoreadvancedAIbecauseoftherisks.EstonianbillionaireJaanTallinn,forexample,whohelpeddevelopcommunicationappSkype,thinksweshouldbecautious.AlsoTheFutureofLifeInstitute,anot-for-profitorganization,saysthatthereshouldbeatemporarypausetocontrolthespeedofadvancedAIdevelopmentandthat“AIsystemswithhuman-competitiveintelligencecancauseprofoundriskstosocietyandhumans.”ThisnegativeviewissupportedbyareportbyinvestmentbankGoldmanSachsthatsaysAIcouldreplacetheequivalentof300millionfull-timejobs.Butitmayalsomeannewjobsandaproductivitybonanza.WemayarguethatAIsuchaschatbotscanhelpus.State-of-the-artChatGPT,forexample,hasbeenhelpingsomestudentswriteassignments.AIisallowingcomputerstothinkoractinamorehumanway.Andmachinelearningmeanscomputerscanlearnwhattodowithoutbeinggivenevidentinstructions.Thetechnologyisimpressive,butasitstartstothinkforitself,willitoutsmartus?However,thefounderofMicrosoft,BillGates,hascalledongovernmentstoworkwithindustryto“limittherisks”ofAI.Hesays,“Justastheworldneedsitsbrightestpeoplefocusedonitsbiggestproblems,wewillneedtofocustheworld’sbestAIsonitsbiggestproblems.”Ifthishappens,maybehumanitywillhaveafuture.12.WhatisthemajorfearthatAIcauses?A.Itwillchangeourlifecompletely. B.Itwillcausemanyjoblosses.C.Itwillbetoointelligenttocontrol. D.Itwillreplacemanyothertechnologies.13.Whatdidthetechnologyexpertsdemand?A.SlowingthedevelopmentofAI. B.StoppingtheusingofAI.C.Buildinganot-for-profitorganization. D.HelpingdevelopcommunicationappSkype.14.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“bonanza”inparagraph3?A.Increase. B.Innovation. C.Problem. D.Expense.15.WhydoestheauthorquoteBillGates’words?A.Tocallonjointeffortsofgovernmentandindustries.B.ToexpectBillGates’companytomakethebestAIs.C.ToencouragemoretalentedpeopletoworkwithBillGates.D.ToexpressanoptimisticattitudetowardstheAIdevelopment.〖答案〗12.C13.A14.A15.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。人工智能已经成为人们生活中的重要部分，但有人担心人工智能太过聪明并且会威胁人类。针对这个话题，本文讲述了持有消极态度和积极态度的两种不同观点。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ButtherearefearsthatAIhasbecometoointelligentandcouldbeathreattohumanity.(但也有人担心，人工智能已经变得过于智能，可能对人类构成威胁。)”可知，人工智能造成的主要担忧是它会变得太过聪明以至于难以控制。故选C。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thisclaimmightsoundextreme,butalettersignedbymorethan1,000technologyexperts,includingTeslabossElonMusk,calledontheworldtopresspause(暂停)onthedevelopmentofmoreadvancedAIbecauseoftherisks.(这一说法听起来可能有些极端，但包括特斯拉老板埃隆·马斯克在内的1000多名技术专家签署了一封信，呼吁全世界暂停开发更先进的人工智能，因为存在风险。)”可知，技术专家们要求减缓人工智能的开发进程。故选A。【14题详析】词义猜测题。根据and前的“newjobs”可知，人工智能可以带来新的工作，再结合画线词前的productivity可知，这里应是说人工智能可以促进生产力提升，bonanza与increase(增长)意思最接近。故选A。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“However,thefounderofMicrosoft,BillGates,hascalledongovernmentstoworkwithindustryto‘limittherisks’ofAI.(然而，微软创始人比尔·盖茨呼吁各国政府与工业界合作‘限制人工智能的风险’。)”可知，比尔·盖茨呼吁主动限制人工智能的风险，而不是像第二段中提到的技术专家们呼吁暂停开发AI，再结合他的话“Justastheworldneedsitsbrightestpeoplefocusedonitsbiggestproblems,wewillneedtofocustheworld’sbestAIsonitsbiggestproblems.(正如世界需要最聪明的人专注于最大的问题一样，我们也需要让世界上最好的人工智能专注于最大问题。)”可推测出，引述比尔·盖茨的话是为了表达对AI发展的乐观态度。故选D。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Asthesayinggoes,failureisthemotherofsuccess.Manyofusweretoldfromanearlyagethat,atschoolorinlife,“youlearnfromyourmistakes.”Isthisactuallytrue?Theshortansweris“yes”.___16___Becausewewouldnotliketofaillearningfromourmistakesis,inreality,veryhard.Itdoesn’tfeelgood.Sowereacttofailureinemotionalways,likegivinguponataskeasily,tellingourselveswedon’tcarewhetherwesucceed,orfindingfaultwiththetaskitself.Thisisself-protective,accordingtoHallgeirSjastad,apsychologyprofessor.Inhisopinion,mostofuswanttothinkofourselvesascapable.___17___Fortunatelytherearestrategiestohelpusovercometheemotionalbarriers.___18___.Insteadofasking“WhydidIfail?”,wecouldask“WhydidSamfail?”,forexample.Multiplestudiesshowthiswayhelpstosoftenournegativeemotionalreactions.Alsoitallowsustolookatfailuremoreobjectively.___19___Thisledtobetterlevelsofmotivationandacademicsuccessinthetestgroups—involvingbothadultsandchildren—thatwereaskedtogiveadvicebasedontheirownfailures.ProfessorEskreis-Winklerfoundthatthesatisfactionofhelpingothers“forcespeopletoengagewiththeirexperienceandwhattheyhavelearned”.ThewriterSamuelBeckettoncesaid“failagain,failbetter.”Butitnowseemsthatweshouldsay,“failagain,failsmarter”.___20___,butbylearningtoovercometheemotionalbarriersaroundit,wemayfindtheroadtosuccessisalittleeasiertonavigate(驾驭).A.EveryoneneedssuccessB.HardworkleadstosuccessC.FailurecanbeateachablemomentD.FailureisanunavoidablepartoflifeE.Oneofthemistoadoptathird-personviewF.Next,offeradvicetoothersinthesamepositionasusG.Sowhatfailurecausesisaseriousthreattoourself-image〖答案〗16.C17.G18.E19.F20.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何克服自己的情绪障碍，学会从失败中吸取经验和教训，从而获得进步给出了一定的建议。【16题详析】根据第一段““youlearnfromyourmistakes.”Isthisactuallytrue?(“你从错误中学习。”这是真的吗？)”和第二段“Theshortansweris“yes”.(简短的回答是“是的”)”可知，人们是可以从错误和失败中学习的，选项C.Failurecanbeateachablemoment(失败可能是一个受教育的时刻)表达了这层含义，对前文进行了总结，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。【17题详析】根据上一句“Inhisopinion,mostofuswanttothinkofourselvesascapable.(在他看来，我们大多数人都认为自己有能力)”可知，选项G.Sowhatfailurecausesisaseriousthreattoourself-image(所以失败造成的是对我们自我形象的严重威胁)进一步说明了失败破坏了人们有能力的形象，使自我形象受到了严重的威胁，同时也是对人们失败所产生的情绪化反应的解释，衔接合理，与本段主题相符。故选G。【18题详析】根据上一句“Fortunatelytherearestrategiestohelpusovercometheemotionalbarriers.(幸运的是，有一些策略可以帮助我们克服情绪障碍)”可知，选项E.Oneofthemistoadoptathird-personview(其中之一就是采用第三人称视角)中的“them”指代上一句中的“strategies”，指出了其中一个策略的内容，承接上文；结合下文“Insteadofasking“WhydidIfail?”,wecouldask“WhydidSamfail?”,forexample.(不要问“我为什么失败了？”，我们可以问“Sam为什么失败了？”，例如)”可知，下一句是对选项E的举例说明，衔接下文。故选E。【19题详析】根据第3小题所选的选项E.Oneofthemistoadoptathird-personview(其中之一就是采用第三人称视角)可知，第三段主要介绍了帮助人们克服情绪障碍的一个策略，选项F.Next,offeradvicetoothersinthesamepositionasus(其次，给和我们处境相同的人提建议)在第四段给出了第二个策略，就是基于自己失败的经历，给同样失败的人提出建议；结合下一句“Thisledtobetterlevelsofmotivationandacademicsuccessinthetestgroups—involvingbothadultsandchildren—thatwereaskedtogiveadvicebasedontheirownfailures.(这导致被要求根据自己的失败给出建议的测试组(包括成人和儿童)的动机和学业成功程度更高)”句中的“This”指代选项F的内容，指出了给别人提出建议的策略所产生的的效果，符合语意和语境。故选E。【20题详析】根据下一句“butbylearningtoovercometheemotionalbarriersaroundit,wemayfindtheroadtosuccessisalittleeasiertonavigate(驾驭).(但是通过学习克服它周围的情绪障碍，我们可能会发现通往成功的道路更容易驾驭)”可知，选项D.Failureisanunavoidablepartoflife(失败是生活中不可避免的一部分)指出失败不可避免，但是如果通过学习如何克服情绪障碍，学会从失败中学习，就会更容易获得成功，由此可知，选项D与下文语意衔接合理，呼应文章主题。故选D。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。6-year-oldQixianCaosetthenewwomen’sworldrecordforsolvinga3×3×3Rubik’scube(魔方)in5.97seconds(average).___21___byacousin,aRubik’scubeplayer,theChinesegirlstarted___22___aRubik’scubeonlyat3.Thewomantaughthertheartof“speed-cubing”,solvingtheworld-famouspuzzleas___23___aspossible.However,afteraboutayear,thegirlgotso___24___itthathercousincouldn’tteachheranymoreandherparentsgotheraspeed-cubing___25___.Undertheprofessionalguidanceshekept___26___fortwotothreehourseveryday,andhertimewasgettingbetterandbetter.However,therewasapointwhereshehitawallandneededallofherfamily’shelpto___27___it.“Shewas___28___at12secondswhenshetriedtospeedto10secondsforthreemonths,”Qixian’smother___29___.“Shepracticedalotbutmadeno____30____andalmostgaveup.”Tomotivateher,theentirefamilytookupthegameandevenparticipatedinadult____31____.However,noonedaredtodreamthatthe____32____speed-cubercouldsetanewworldrecordatthetenderageofsix.Cao’saveragetimeof5.97secondsafterfive____33____ofspeed-cubingwonherthetitleofworldrecordholder.Encouragedbyherrecent____34____,Qixianhasnoplansofslowingdownandisnow____35____thewomen’ssingle-timerecord,whichcurrentlystandsat4.44seconds.21.A.Invited B.Inspired C.Praised D.Fascinated22.A.playingwith B.makingup C.participatingin D.researchingon23.A.easily B.early C.accurately D.quickly24.A.crazyabout B.tiredof C.goodat D.addictedto25.A.partner B.machine C.toy D.coach26.A.sitting B.thinking C.practicing D.sleeping27.A.overcome B.push C.remove D.break28.A.leveled B.limited C.left D.stuck29.A.reported B.recalled C.complained D.added30.A.progress B.difference C.money D.promise31.A.parties B.activities C.competitions D.clubs32.A.devoted B.gifted C.stressed D.discouraged33.A.turns B.rounds C.periods D.minutes34.A.idea B.decision C.failure D.performance35.A.challenging B.making C.keeping D.renewing〖答案〗21.B22.A23.D24.C25.D26.C27.A28.D29.B30.A31.C32.B33.B34.D35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国6岁女孩曹岂娴以5.97秒的成绩打破了3×3×3魔方的女子世界纪录。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位中国女孩受到一位玩魔方的表姐的启发，从3岁开始玩魔方。A.Invited邀请；B.Inspired激励，鼓舞，启发；C.Praised表扬；D.Fascinated迷住。根据句中的“theChinesegirlstarted______aRubik’scubeonlyat3”可知，她受到表姐的启发开始玩魔方。故选B。【22题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意参考上题。A.playingwith玩；B.makingup编造，构成；C.participatingin参加；D.researchingon研究，调查。根据句中的“acousin,aRubik’scubeplayer”可知，她开始玩魔方。故选A。【23题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位女性教她“速解魔方”的艺术，以最快的速度解决这个世界著名的拼图玩具。A.easily容易地；B.early提前；C.accurately精确地；D.quickly迅速地。根据句中的“theartof‘speed-cubing’”可知，速解魔方的艺术是以最快的速度拼好魔方。故选D。【24题详析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：然而，大约一年后，这个女孩变得非常擅长这项游戏，以至于她的表姐再也不能教她了，她的父母给她找了一位速解魔方教练。A.crazyabout对……疯狂；B.tiredof厌烦；C.goodat擅长；D.addictedto对……入迷，对……上瘾。根据句中的“hercousincouldn’tteachheranymore”可知，她变得非常擅长解魔方，所以表姐教不了她了。故选C。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.partner同伴；B.machine机器；C.toy玩具；D.coach教练。根据下文中的“Undertheprofessionalguidance”可知，父母为她请了一位教练，给予她专业指导。故选D。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在专业指导下，她每天坚持练习两到三个小时，时间越来越好。A.sitting坐；B.thinking思考；C.practicing练习；D.sleeping睡觉。根据下文中的“Shepracticedalot”可知，她保持每天练习两到三个小时。故选C。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一段时间她遇到了瓶颈，需要所有家人的帮助才能克服。A.overcome克服，战胜；B.push推动，推进；C.remove移开，去除；D.break（使）破。根据句中的“therewasapointwhereshehitawall”可知，她遇到了瓶颈，需要帮助克服。故选A。【28题详析】考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：岂娴的母亲回忆说：“三个月来，当她试图将速度提快到10秒时，她被困在了12秒。”A.leveled使平坦；B.limited有限的；C.left离开（某人或某处）；D.stuck卡住的。根据句中的“at12secondswhenshetriedtospeedto10seconds”可知，她的魔方成绩卡在了12秒。故选D。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.reported汇报；B.recalled回忆起；C.complained抱怨；D.added增加，补充。根据“Shewas_____at12secondswhenshetriedtospeedto10secondsforthreemonths”可知，这里是她的妈妈回忆的事情。故选B。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她练习了很多，但没有进步，几乎放弃了。A.progress进步，进展；B.difference区别；C.money钱；D.promise承诺。根据but前的“Shepracticedalot”可知，这里与前面形成转折，她练习很多但没有任何进步。故选A。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了激励她，全家人都参加了这个游戏，甚至参加了成人比赛。A.parties派对；B.activities活动；C.competitions比赛；D.clubs俱乐部。根据句中的“even”可知，全家人为了激励她都参加了这个游戏，甚至参加成人比赛。故选C。【32题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有人敢梦想这位天赋异禀的速解魔方手能在六岁的时候创造新的世界纪录。A.devoted忠诚的；B.gifted有天才的，有天赋的；C.stressed焦虑不安；D.discouraged灰心的，丧气的。根据上文中的“theChinesegirlstarted______aRubik’scubeonlyat3”和“However,afteraboutayear,thegirlgotso______itthathercousincouldn’tteachheranymore”可知，曹岂娴3岁开始玩魔方，4岁时就非常擅长了，由此可知，她是一个非常有天赋的魔方玩家。故选B。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：曹在五轮速解魔方后以5.97秒的平均成绩获得了世界纪录保持者的称号。A.turns转动，旋动；B.rounds轮次，局；C.periods一段时间；D.minutes分钟。根据句中的“Cao’saveragetimeof5.97seconds”和空前的“five”可知，曹岂娴在5轮比赛中的平均成绩是5.97秒。故选B。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最近的表现鼓舞下，岂娴没有放松一下的计划，现在正在挑战女子单人纪录，目前该纪录为4.44秒。A.idea想法；B.decision决定；C.failure失败；D.performance表演，表现。根据第一段中的“6-year-oldQixianCaosetthenewwomen’sworldrecordforsolvinga3×3×3Rubik’scube(魔方)in5.97seconds(average).(6岁的曹岂娴以平均5.97的成绩打破了女子3×3×3魔方的新世界纪录。)”可知，她最近以平均5.97秒的成绩打破了世界纪录，这是她的表现。故选D。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.challenging挑战；B.making制作；C.keeping保持；D.renewing重新开始。根据空后的“thewomen’ssingle-timerecord,whi