北航2004年基础英语试题

朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页北京航空航天大学2004年硕士试题基础英语Ⅰ.VocabularyandStructure(1×40)Part1Directions:Chooseoneofthefouralternativeswhichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphraseandmarkthecorrespondingletter.1.Heistooyoungtobeabletodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.[A]discard[B]discern[C]disperse[D]disregard2.Thechairmanoftheboardoppressedonmetheunpleasantjobofdismissinggoodworkersthefirmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.[A]compelled[B]posed[C]pressed[D]tempted3.Themayorisawomanwithgreathonestyandthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.[A]integrity[B]posed[C]intention[D]intensity4.The215manuscript,circulatedtopublisherslastOctober,activatedanoutburstofinterest.[A]sparked[B]glittered[C]flared[D]flashed5.Povertyisnotcommoninmostcitiesalthough,perhapsbecauseofthecrowdedconditionsincertainareas,itismorevisiblethere.[A]rare[B]temporary[C]prevalent[D]segmental6.Anincreasingproportionofpopulation,unabletolivewithoutadvancedmedicalapplication,willbecomeprogressivelymorereliantonexpensivetechnology.[A]interference[B]interruption[C]intervention[D]interaction7.Fuelscarcitiesandpriceincreasesspurredautomobiledesignerstoscaledownthelargestmodelsandtodevelopcompletelynewlinesofsmallcarsandtrucks.[A]persuaded[B]prompted[C]imposed[D]enlightened8.Becauseofitsintimacy,radioisusuallymorethanjustamedium;itisanassociate.[A]afirm[B]acompany[C]acorporation[D]anenterprise9.Usingextremelydifferentdecoratingschemesinadjoiningroomsmayresultindiscordandlackofunityinstyle.[A]conflict[B]confrontation[C]disturbance[D]disharmony10.Atfirst,thesendofcolorpicturesoveralongdistanceseemedimpossible,but,withpainstakingeffortsandatgreatexpense,itbecameareality.[A]transaction[B]transmission[C]transformation[D]transition11.Oneoftheproblemslocalauthoritieshavetodealwithisthediscardingofplasticcontainers.[A]dispersal[B]disposition[C]disposal[D]dissolution12.Afterhislongillness,theoldmanappearedsothinanddelicatethatagustofwindmighthaveblownhimaway.[A]flimsy[B]powerless[C]frail[D]faint13.ThelawprovedsounpopularthatitwasannulledbytheGovernmentayearlater.[A]repelled[B]repulsed[C]takenback[D]repealed14.Itwasnotknownwhetherthepriceincreasesresultedfromhighercostsorfromcollusionamongtheproducers.[A]discord[B]accord[C]conspiracy[D]intrigue15.Itishardtobeanofficemanagerwithoutbeingofficious.[A]curious[B]accord[C]official[D]offensive16.TheRomanssubduedalargepartofEuropeandtheMiddleEast.[A]submitted[B]surpassed[C]conquer[D]oppressed17.Thewaitressesdislikedservinghimdinnerbecauseofhisveryfastidioustaste.[A]fancy[B]capricious[C]meticulous[D]corpulent18.Ifthegrandjuryindictsthesuspect,hewillgototrial.[A]agrees[B]charges[C]abdicates[D]confesses19.Yourfacetiousremarksarenotappropriateatthisseriousmoment.[A]fickle[B]fabulous[C]humorous[D]fantastic20.Otheryouthstauntedhimabouthisclothes.[A]grieved[B]scrutinized[C]jeeredat[D]tattledPart2Directions:Chooseonefromthefouralternativesthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkthecorrespondingletter.21.Anumberofmembersaskedmetointercede,butIrefusedtoactasa(an)_______.[A]understudy[B]insurgent[C]adversary[D]go-between22.ConsideringhowlongshehadyearnedtoseeItaly,herfirstreactionwascuriously_______.[A]meditative[B]tepid[C]insightful[D]categorical23.Theworld’sgovernmentshavedone________nothingtocombatthethreatofnuclearaccidents.[A]plausibly[B]perceptively[C]operationally[D]intrinsically24.Althoughthemanufacturerclaimedthatthefabricwas__________towater,therainsoakedthroughitwithinafewminutes.[A]impenetrable[B]impregnable[C]impermeable[D]unsaturated25.Theprincipal_______thestudentforhis_________behavior.[A]rebuked…defiant[B]reprimanded…vigilant[C]commended…willful[D]censured…vigilant26.Thereisnothingherethatwould_______surpriseorfloods.[A]callup[B]callfor[C]calloff[D]callon27.Thehouseisunsafesincethefoundationswere______byfloods.[A]wornaway[B]wornup[C]throwon[D]wornout28.Whywouldyou_______suchagoodjob,whenjobsaresohardtoget.[A]throwaway[B]throwup[C]throwout[D]throwoff29._______thefactthatscienceplaysanessentialroleintheadvanceofhumansociety,mostscientistsarenotaccordedwithcorrespondingprestige.[A]Notwithstanding[B]Inthefaceof[C]Inviewof[D]Withrespectof30.Heisaclevermimicwhocantake______mostofthelecturersinhiscollege.[A]over[B]down[C]off[D]up31.Thenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear’smarathonwashalf________.[A]oflastyear’s[B]thoseoflastyear’s[C]ofthoseoflastyear’s[D]thatoflastyear’s32.HelpwillcomefromtheUN,buttheaidwillbe_____nearwhat’sneeded.[A]itis[B]somewhere[C]nowhere[D]anywhere33.Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything_________goingonintheworld.[A]itis[B]asis[C]thereis[D]whatis34.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI________fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.[A]were[B]hadbeen[C]havebeen[D]was35.Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,scores,andthisisespeciallytrue_______itcomestoclassroomtests.[A]before[B]as[C]since[D]when36.I’vekeptupafriendshipwithagirlwhomIwasatschool______twentyyearsago.[A]about[B]since[C]with[D]till37.Itwasn’tsomuchthatIdislikedher_________thatIjustwasn’tinterestedinthewholebusiness.[A]rather[B]as[C]than[D]so38.TheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorsheis_______ananonymous.Statisticallyinsignificantpartofahugeanddiverseaudience.[A]everythingexcept[B]anythingbut[C]nolessthan[D]nothingmorethan39.IapologizeifI________you,butIassureyouitwasunintentional[A]offend[B]hadoffended[C]shouldhaveoffended[D]mighthaveoffended40.Itwasessential,theytoldthePresident,thatsoldiersfromothernations________inthefrontlines.[A]shouldbe[B]wouldbe[C]be[D]havetobeⅡ.Errorspotting(1×)Directions:Decidewhichunderlinedpartisincorrectandmarkthecorrespondingletter.41.Seetoitthatyouincludeintheexaminationpaperwhateverquestionstheydidn’tknow[A][B][C]theanswerlasttime.[D]42.Continuedexposuretostresshasbeenlinkedtoworsenedfunctioningoftheimmune[A][B]system,leavingapersonmoreliableforinfection.[C][D]43.Onesignbywhichyouaremakingprogressinanartsuchaspaintingorphotographyis[A][B]thatyoubegintorealizehowmuchthereistolearn.[C][D]44.AgreatmanyteachersfirmlybelievethatEnglishisoneofthepoorest-taughtsubjectsin[A][B][C]highschoolsatpresent.[D]45.I’dratheryouwouldgobytrain,becauseIcan’tbeartheideaofyourbeinginairplanein[A][B][C]suchbadweather.[D]46.ThedatareceivedfromthetwoaircraftswhirlingaroundMarsindicatethatthereismuch[A][B][C]evidencethathugethunderstormsareoccurringabouttheequatoroftheplanet.[D]47.Ifamanplanstotakeaseatinthebusinessgame,heowestohimselftomasterthe[A][B]principlesbywhichthegameisplayed,includingitsspecialethicaloutlook.[C][D]48.AsfarasIamconcerned,hispoliticsareratherconservativecomparedwithother[A][B][C]politicians.[D]49.Dependingonouroutlooksandrecentexperiences,ourhappinessfluctuatesaroundour[A]happinesssetpoint,whichdisposessomepeopletobeingevercheerfulandothersgloomy.[B][C][D]50.Perhapsmosttroubling,teachersandpsychologistssay,isthatitisoftenthemostgifted[A][B]students,theoneswhopresumablycouldgetgoodgradeswithoutcheating,aretheworst[C][D]offenders.51.WeretheTimesCo.topurchaseanothermajormediacompany,thereisnodoubtthatit[A]coulddramaticallytransformafamily-ranenterprisethatstillgets90%ofitsrevenues.[B][C][D]52.Evenifautomakersmodifycommerciallyproducedcarstorunonalternativefuels,the[A][B][C]carswon’tcatchoninabigwaywhendriverscanfillthemupatthegasstation.[D]53.Generallyspeaking,thebirdflyingacrossourpathisobserved,andtheonestayingonthe[A][B]treenearathandispassedbywithoutandnoticetakingofit.[C][D]54.Eachcigarettewhichapersonsmokesdoessomeharm,andeventuallyyoumaygeta[A][B][C]seriousdiseasefromitseffect.[D]55.Wearenotconsciousoftheextentofwhichprovidesthepsychologicalsatisfactionthat[A][B][C]canmakethedifferencebetweenafullandanemptylife.[D]56.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefence-linkedresearchprojects[A]willaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingor,alternately,todomuchtoprotectour[B][C]diminishingresources.[D]57.Itisperhapsnotanexaggerationtosaythatweshallsoonbetrustingourhealth,wealth[A][B]andhappinesstoelementswithwhomverynamesthegeneralpublicareunfamiliar.[C][D]58.Accountsofscientificexperimentsaregenerallycorrectforthosewriteaboutscienceare[A][B][C]carefulincheckingtheaccuracyoftheirreports.[D]59.Themoonhasamassthatisnearlyonehundredtimeslessthantheearth;inconsequence[A][B][C]theforceofgravityatthemoon’ssurfaceisonlyone-sixthofthatattheearth’ssurface.[D]60.Ifonlythenatureoftheagingprocessisbetterunderstood,thepossibilityofdiscovering[A][B][C]amedicinethatcanblockthefundamentalprocessofagingseemsveryremote.[D]Ⅲ.Cloze(1×10)Directions:Fillineachunderlinedspacewithonewordthatbestsuitsthecontextofthefollowingpassage.Americanshaveastrongsenseofhumor.Becauseeveryonehasancestors,familyandfriendsofeverypossiblerace,color,creedandnationalorigin,and61sensitivitytosuchdifferenceshasreachedunprecedentedtendernessinrecentyears,62isconsideredrudetotellajokethatperpetuatesanethnic,social,religious,sexual,orracialstereotype.63,thatstillleavesplentyofmaterialfor64,suchasoccupation,politicalpersuasion,orregionoforigin.Forexample:ATexanwasboastingtoanArkansanabouthisranch."Why,myranchissobig,"hesaid,"thatifIstartoutinmy65inthemorningtodrivearoundit,it'snightbythetimeIgethome.”TheArkansannoddedunderstandinglyandsaid，“Yep·Ihadatruck66thatonce．"Theonlygroupdetested67tobeasuitablebuttforbarbedhumorislawyers．Lawyersareunpopularbecausethey'reonlyconsultedin68ofdistress．Anylawyerjokeissuretodrawlaugh．‘'Didyouhearthatmedicallaboratorieshavestartedusinglawyers69ofwhiterats?Therearemoreofthemandtherearesomethingsevenalaboratoryratjustwon'tdo．”Politiciansarealsofairgame，butsinceapproximatelytwo-thirdsofthenation'scongressionalrepresentativesarelawschool70,suchjokesarereallyjustasubsetofthe‘lawyer’canon．VI．TranslationfromChineseintoEnglish.(30)人的成长是一个不断尝试、经历磨练和失误，总算变得聪明起来的过程。每当你弥漫信心采取行动时，你永远无法预见会有什么样的结果，或胜利，或失望。不论总算胜利与否，这些尝试都是可贵的；事实上，你往往可以从失败的经历中学到更多的东西。首先，你必须修得同情和宽恕这两门基本课程；否则你永远只能是井底之蛙，永远不能把错误转化为珍贵的学习机会。所谓同情就是敞开你的心扉，抛开你的情感障碍，用心去感触、体味这个世界。同情心是种感情黏合剂，它使你与自己的心灵和周围其他人的心灵联系起来。倘若你挑选同情，你可以试着站在对方的立场，设身处地地为对方想一想。这样你就能与对方的心灵联系起来，消除你心中的成见。偶尔你过分苛求自己，此时你也需要对自己敞开同情之心。拥有了同情之心，你才干开启宽恕的大门，也才干使自己从自轻自鄙的困境中解脱出釆。宽恕是指宽大为怀，尽释前嫌。由同情到宽恕，你已拥有一颗展开的心灵，并开始逐步地、存心识地释放自己的恼怒与不平。惟独通过宽恕，你才干淡忘过错，重新获得心灵的惊奇。当你总算能够从中解脱，你大概会意识到这是你成长过程中必修的一课。V.TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese.(30)SinceGeorgeW．BushjoinedtheU．S．presidentialraceofficiallyinJunel999，hehasbeendrawinglargecrowdsandmediacoverage．Theworldcertainlyknowsfromwhence．Bushsprangbiologically．FewcouldmissthefeaturesofGeorgeSr．Intheson’s