中考英语语法重点复习

汇报人：XX2024-02-05中考英语语法重点复习目录VerbTenseandVoiceNounclausesandattributiveclausesAdverbialclaimsandsubcriticalmoodNonfiniteverbsandindependentnominalstructuresArticles,Pronouns,andNumbers01VerbTenseandVoicePresenttenseexpressionsactionsorstatesthatoccurinthepresentationtime,usingverbsintheirbaseform(e.g.,"Iwalk"or"Shesings")Presentcontinuoustenseexpressionsongingactionsthatarehappeningnow,usingtheverb"tobe"followedbythepresentparticle(e.g.,"Iamwalking"or"Sheissinging")DifferencesbetweenthetwotensionsThepresenttenseisusedforgeneralstatementsorhats,whilethepresentcontinuoustenseemphasizesactionsthataretemporarilyhappeningPresenttenseandpresentcontinuoustenseexpressionsactionsorstatesthatoccurredinthepast,usingverbsintheirpastform(e.g.,"Iwalked"or"Shesang")expressionsongingactionsthatwerehappeninginthepast,usingtheverb"tobe"inthepasttensefollowedbythepresentparticle(e.g.,"Iwaswalking"or"Shewassinging")thesimplepasttenseisusedforcompletedactions,whilethepastcontinuoustensedescribesactionsthatwereinprogressataspecifictimeinthepastSimplepasttensePastcontinuoustenseDifferencesbetweenthetwotensionsSimplepasttenseandpastcontinuoustense010203Will/shall+infinitiveexpressionsfutureactionsorstatesusingthemodalverbs"will"or"shall"followedbytheinfinitiveformoftheverb(e.g.,"Iwillgo"or"Weshallmeet")Begoingto+infinitiveexpressionsintentionsorplansforthefutureusingthephrase"begoingto"followedbytheinfinitiveformoftheverb(e.g.,"Iamgoingtostudy"or"Theyaregoingtoplay")Differencesbetweenthetwomethods"will/hall"ismoresportineousandoftenusedforpredictionsordecisionsmadeatthemoment,while"beinggoingto"ismoreplannedandoftenusedforarrangementsorintentionsthathavebeenmadeinadvanceFuturetenserepresentationmethodCompositionThepassivevoiceisformedusingtheverb"tobe"followedbythepastparticleofthemainverb(e.g.,"Thebookwaswritten"or"Shewasgivenapresentation")UsageThepassivevoiceisusedwhenthefocusisontheactioncomparedtothepersonorthingperformingtheactionItcanalsobeusedtoavoidmentioningthedoeroftheactionortomakethepresencemoreobjectiveDifferencesbetweenactiveandpassivevoicesintheactivevoice,thesubjectperformstheaction(e.g.,"Iwrotethebook"),whileinthepassivevoice,thesubjectreceivestheaction(e.g.,"Thebookwaswrittenbyme")TheCompositionandUsageofPassiveVoice02NounclausesandattributiveclausesGuidewordsfornounclausesinclude:that,which,who,who,who,who,who,what,which,etcDependenceonthecontextandusage,notclaimscanexpressstatements,questions,orrequestsNounclaimscanfunctionassubjects,objects,predictions,oradvertisementsinsensesTypesofnounclausesandguidewords

RelativepronounsandadvertisementsinrelevantclausesRelativepronounsinclude:who,who,who,which,that,andcanbeusedtointroducerelevantclausesRelativeadvertisementsinclude:when,where,why,andtheyalsointroducerelevantclausesRelativeclausesmodifynounsorpronounsandprovideadditionalinformationaboutthemRestrictiverelativeclausesareessentialtothemeaningofthepresenceandcannotberemovedwithoutchangingthemeaningNonrestrictiverelativeclausesprovideadditionalinformationbutarenotessentialtothemeaningofthesentenceTheyareseparatedfromthemainclausebycommasItisimportanttodifferentiatebetweenrestrictiveandnonrestrictiverelativeclausestoensurecorrectpunctationandunderstandingRestrictiveandnonrestrictiverelativeclausesClaimsaregroupsofwordsthatcontainasubjectandaverbandcanfunctionasindependentunitswithinasenseClaimscanbeeitherdependentorindependent,dependingonwhichtheycanstandaloneascompletethoughtsDependentclausescannotstandaloneandmustbeattachedtoanindependentclausetoformacompletesentenceClausescanperformdifferentroleswithinasense,suchasactingasthesubject,object,oradult,dependingontheirfunctionandpositionwithinthesenseTheroleofclaimsinsenses03AdverbialclaimsandsubcriticalmoodTimeadaptiveclauses01Theseclausesindicatewhenanactiontakesplace,oftenintroducedbywordslike"when,""while,""after,"etc.Forexample,"Whendidyoudrive?"Placealternativeclauses02Theseclausesdescribewhereanactionoccurs,typicallyintroducedbywordslike"where"or"whereover."Forinstance,"Wewerehavingdinnerwherethephonerang."Reasonalternativeclauses03Theseclausesexplainthereasonforanactionorstate,oftenintroducedbywordslike"because,""since,"or"as."Forexample,"Ididn'tgotothepartybecauseIwastired."Adverbialclaimssuchastime,place,andreasonConditionaladvisoryclaimsTheseclaimsexpressaconditionorsupport,typicallyintroducedbywordslike"if"or"uncles."Forinstance,"Ifitrains,we'llstayhome."ConditionaltransitionalclausesTheseclausesindicateacontrastorprocess,oftenintroducedbywordslike"although"or"eventhought."Forexample,"Althoughhewastired,hekeptworking."ResultadvisoryclaimsTheseclaimsdescribetheoutcomeorresultofanaction,oftenintroducedbywordslike"so"or"so...that."Forinstance,"Hestudiedsohardthatheacedtheexam."Adverbialclaimssuchasconditions,processes,andresultsUseofthesubcriticalmoodintheifclauseofaconditionalpresencetoexpressahypothesisorunrealsituationForexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethejob.""Useofthesubcriticalmoodincertainfixedexpressionssuchas"Itisimportantthat..."or"Isuggestthat..."Forinstance,"Itisimportantthathebepresentatthemeeting."Useofthesubconjunctivemoodtoexpresswishes,desires,orreturnsForexample,"IwishIwereteller."TheapplicationofsubconjunctivemoodinconditionalsensesUseofthesubjunctionmoodinnonclausesfunctionsassubjects,objects,orcompletenessForinstance,"Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlier."Useofthesubconjunctivemoodincertaintransitionalclausesexpressingnecessity,likelihood,orimpossibilityForinstance,"Itisnecessarythathe(should)beinformedofthedecision."UseofthesubconjunctivemoodincertainobjectiveclausesForexample,"Heistheonlyonewho(should)knowthetruth."Subjunctivemoodinotherpresencestructures04NonfiniteverbsandindependentnominalstructuresInfiniteassubjectTheInfinitecanfunctionasthesubjectofasense,expressinganactionorstatethatisthemainfocusofthesenseForexample,"Tolearnanewlanguageischallengingbutrewarding."InfiniteasobjectcompletionTheInfinitecanalsoserveasthecompletionofthecenturyverbs,objectives,ornouns,completingthemeaningofthepredicateorsubjectForinstance,"Iwanttotraveltheworld"or"Hisgoalistobecomeadoctor."TheinfinitiveoftheverbservesasthesubjectandtheobjectasthecompletionGerundassubjectandobjectcompletionThegerundisaverbformendingin"-ing"thatfunctionsasanounItcanactasthesubjectofapresence,describingageneralactivityorstateForexample,"Readingbooksareoneofmyfavoritehobbies."GerundassubjectThegerundcanalsobeusedasthecompletionofcertificateverbsorpositions,completingthemeaningoftheactionorrelationshipdescribedForinstance,"Ienjoywatchingmovies"or"Heisgoodatplayingtheguitar."GerundasobjectcompletionThearticlecanfunctionasanadvocate,modifyingaverb,objective,oranotheradvocatetoindicatetime,cause,Manner,condition,orprocessForexample,"Havingfinishedhishome,hewentouttoplay."Thearticlecanalsoserveasanattribute,describingormodifyinganounorpronoonForinstance,"Theslimingfaceofthechildmadeeveryonehappy."Inpossessionverbphrasesorobjectivephrases,thearticlecanactasacompletion,completingthemeaningofthepredicateorsubjectForexample,"Helefttheroom,lookingdisappointed."ArticleasadvocateArticleasattributeArticleascompletionParticlesserveasfollowers,attributes,andcompletionCompositionAnindependentnominalstructuretypicallyconsistentofanounorpronounandaparticle,infinitive,orgerundthatfunctionsasasubjectorcompletionwithinthestructure要点一要点二FunctionIndependentnominalstructurescanfunctionascompletethoughtswithinasense,ofprovidingadditionalinformationorclarificationaboutthemainclauseTheycanalsoserveasthesubjectorcompletionofthemainclause,dependingontheirpositionandrelationshiptotherestofthesentenceCompositionandfunctionofindependentnominalstructure05Articles,Pronouns,andNumbersArticlesintroducenounsandspecifytheirgeneralorsp