初中动词不定式专题讲解与练习全面

./语法：动词不定式动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分〔主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时还保持动词的某些特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。构成：todo.否定式nottodo常见时态：一般时todo进行时tobedoing完成式tohavedone完成进行式tohavebeendoing三、动词不定式在句子中的成分1、作句子的主语：现实中常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语动词不定式〔或短语后置。比较下列句子Tolearnfromyourfriendsisimportant.=Itisimportanttolearnfromyourfriends.Toleavewithoutsayinggoodbyeisimpolite.=Itisimpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.TochatwithMissWhiteisapleasantthing.=ItisapleasantthingtochatwithMissWhite.Towalktoschooltakesmetenminutes.=Ittakesmetenminutestowalktoschool.句型总结Itis+adj.+ofsb.todo…=sb.is\are+adj.+todo…在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词〔如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等作表语时,不定式之前常加一个引起的短语,说明不定式指的是谁的情况〔可以理解为某人的好,坏,聪明,愚蠢,对,错等等。Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.It’snotpoliteofhimtospeaktooldpeoplelikethat.Itis+adj.+forsb.todo…≠sb.is\are+adj.+todo…如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语,即不定式的逻辑主语。Itisnecessaryforustostudyhard.ItiseasyforhimtospeakEnglish.动词不定式作主语练习

1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.

A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans<XX省>

2.It'shardforus_____Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning<XX省>

3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。

Itwill______theworkersoverayear_________theflyover.<北京市海淀区>

4.It'sverynice_____youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.

A.for,ofB.of,forC.to,forD.of,to<XX省>KEYS:1.A2.C3.take,tobuild4.B2、作句子的表语：不定式放在be动词后面,用作表语如：Herdreamistobeapoliceman.Myjobistohelpthepatient.Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.Mydreamistoownarobot.Thedoctor’ssuggestionistotakemoreexercise.Thebestwayistotalktoyourparents.HisplanistotraveltoBeijingthissummer.Mypurposeistohelpyousolvethisproblem.3、作句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后,用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词〔及物很多,常见的有want,like,hate,wish,hope,prefer,try,ask,start,begin,decide,learn,choose,agree,expect,remember,forget,plan,decide,wouldlike,need,choose,agree,promise,refuse,setout,manage,pretend,Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Theybegantoreadandwrite.Sheforgottoclosethedoor.HewantedtoborrowmyCDplayer.IhopetospeakEnglishwell.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ihopetohearfromyousoon.Johndoesn’twanttobethehostofthecharityshow.Theyaretryingtosolvetheproblembyhimself.Millionsofpeoplehavelearnedtousecomputers.有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同：forgettodosth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记曾经做过某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事goontodosth.继续做另一件事goondoingsth.继续做原来在做的事needtodosth.需要做某事needdoingsth.需要被做Don’tforgetoturnoffthelightsbeforeleaving.Fathermuststopsmoking.Thisbikeneedsrepairing/mending.注意1：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放在后面,用it作形式主语,构成"主语+动词+it+宾补〔形容词、名词+不定式"结构Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.IfounditimportanttolearnEnglish.Ifonditdifficulttolearnphysics.注意2：常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want,ask,tell,order,get,wish,allow,invite,teach,encourage,beg,等。构成"vt,+sb.+<not>todosth."结构。Theteachertoldustoreadthetext.Heaskedmenottotellyouthenews.Hisparentsdidn’tallowhimtoplay.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.Mr.Luasksuetohandinourhomeworkontime.ThedocteradvisedMr.Greentodrinkmorewater.Mr.Wutellsthestudentsnottoshoutinclass.Mrs.ReadwhisheshersontolearnEnglishwell.注意3：不定式作宾补省去to的情况<在被动语态中则to不能省掉>常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：一感〔feel、二听〔hear,listento、三让〔make,let,have、四看〔lookat,see,watch,notice,observe、半帮助help〔可带to,也可不带tohelpsb<to>dosthImadehimtodohiswork..makesb.dosth.Pleaselistentometosingthissongagain.listentosb.dosth.Ifeltsomeonetoopenmydoor.feelsb.dosth.Thebossmadethegirltoworktenhouraday.makesb.dosth.Youmustwatchmetodoeverythingwatchsb.dosth.Internetbarsmustn’tletanybodywatchbadthings,especiallychildren.letsb.dosth.Heoftenhelps<to>cleantheroom.Mr.Zhangalwayshelpsus<to>learnEnglish.被动语to要加上Hewasmadetodohiswork<byme>Theyaremadetoworkfor12hoursaday.Hewasheardtospeakinthenextroom.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweekasapunishment.Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatfoodaftertheoperation.Internetbarsmustn’tletanybodywatchbadthings,especiallychildren.动词不定式作宾语练习Hewants___somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys<XX省>Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.

A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking<XX省>Hefounditverydifficult___sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep<XX省>4.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith<XX省>

5.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.

A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked<XX省>6.Wesawhim___thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered<XX省>

7.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem__verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel8.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter______.

A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup<XX省>

9.Iwasmade___myhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doB.doingC.todoD.did

Keys：1.C2.A3.D4.B5.C6.B7.D8.C9.C

4、作句子的定语：不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringtheholiday.Wehavealotworktodo.Sheisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.live是不及物动词Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.worry是不及物动词MrWuisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.Thereisnoneedtotroublehim.没有必要去烦他Haveyougotanythingimportanttotellme?重要的事情去告诉我I’vegotnothingtoworryabout.没有什么去担心I’mthirsty.Givemesomethingtodrink.给我些东西去喝Springisthebestseasontoplanttrees.春季是最好的季节去种树Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有机会去上大学动词不定式作定语练习1.Wouldyoulikesomething____?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks<XX省>

2.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo<XX省>

3.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith<XX省>5、作句子的状语：动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语,可作目的、结果、原因状语。cometodosth.gotodosth.stoptodosth.inorder<not>todotoo+adj.+todosth.adj.\adv.+enoughtodosthsoasto,enoughto,onlyto,ShecameheretoborrowanEnglishbook.〔目的Let’sstoptohavearest.Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.〔结果Herunsfastenoughtocatchahorse.I’msorrytomakeyouwaitheresolong.〔原因Wearesurprisedtoseesuchbeautifulanimals.InordertoimprovehisEnglish,TomgoestotheEnglishcornereveryday.Iwastootiredtofallsleep.Sheranfasttocatchthefirstbus.Heisrichenoughtobuyacar.Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.目的Inordertohelphim,wewoulddoeverythingwecan.<目的>I’mtootiredtodowell.结果Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.结果动词不定式做状语练习1.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing<XX省>

2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.

A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns<XX省>3.I'msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear<XX省>

4.I'msorry______you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled<XX省>

5.Mymotherwasveryglad___heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets

6.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.<改为意思相同的句子>

Thehole________________________suchafatpandatogothrough.<XX省>

7.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.<改为意思相同的句子>

Theiceonthelakewasn't____enough__people______________.<XX省>KEYS：1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6.is,too,small,for7.thick,for,to,skate,on六、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问副词how,when,where,why等。这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。要注意的是,why后面的不定式不带to。例如：Idon’tknowwhattotrynext.〔作宾语Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.〔作主语注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。Whattodonext?<=Whatwillwe/youdonext?>Whygothere?<=Whydowe/yougothere?>在与why连用时,只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?Howtodoitisaproblem.<=Howweshoulddoit.>Ireallydon’tknowwhattowriteabout.<=whatIshouldwriteabout>Thetroubleiswheretoputthemachine.<=whereweshouldputthemachine>IaskedhimhowtolearnEnglishwell.<=howIcouldlearnEnglishwell>Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.Pleaseshowushowtousethecomputer.Idon’tknowwhattobuyforyou.动词不定式专项练习：一、填空1.——你父亲愿意去购物吗？——不,他宁可在家听音乐。——Doesyourfatherwanttogoshopping?——No,heathome.2.他们觉得有必要帮助残疾人。Theyfoundthedisabled.3.奥黛丽.赫本大部分时间致力于电影事业。AudreyHepburnthefilmindustry.4.叫孩子们不要轻视穷人。Tellthepoor.5．He.<宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影>6．Father<习惯于看报>aftersupper.7.Ifsomeonelaughsatyou,youshould.<不理睬>KEYS:1,prefersto\wouldratherlistentomusic2,it<was>necessarytohelp3,devotedmostofhertimeto4,childrennottolookdownon5,prefersstayingathometogoingtothecinema6,isusedtoreadingnewspapers,7,paynoattentiontohim二,选择1.Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff7.Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy9.Didyougetajob?No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.Whynot___therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingreadKEYS:15BDCBD610CBABD1114BAAC三、选择1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning8.Weagreed____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto10.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented13.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeKEYS:15ABBBB610ABCAC1115BCAAD四．填空1.Peterwas________<make>outside.2.He_________<behear>unlockthedoorandgoout.3.Themanwasseen_______<shoot>thewomanonthestreet.Theoldladywasnoticed______<wipe>herfacewithahandkerchief.Iforgottoaskyou____gotothebank.Itisveryimportant______<turnoff>theelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.Iknowhow_________<make>amouseoutofmyhandkerchief.Luckily,wedon’thavemuchmorework_________.Shewasverypleased______<have>theopportunitytotravelwhileshewasyoung.Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishis______<get>marriedandhaveachild.KEYS:1.madetowait2.washeardtounlock3.toshoot4.towipe5.to6.toturnoff7.tomake8.todo9.tohave10.get五、真题练习1.Mymotheroftenasksme________early.<20XX北京>A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup2.Theteachertoldherstudents______inpublic.<20XXXX>A.nottoshoutB.didn'tshoutC.notshoutD.tonotshout3.___isdifficulttoworkontheGreatWall.<20XXXX省>A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.Its4.It'snice________you________mewithmymaths.<20XXXX市>A.for;tohelpB.for;helpingC.of;tohelpD.of;helping5.Theydecided________attheendofthismonth.<20XXXX市>A.toleaveB.goingC.travelD.notstartout6Allofusfound________difficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it7Pleasestop________arestifyoufeeltired.<20XXXX市>A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has8.There'senoughbirdfood________foramonth.<20XXXX省>A.tolastB.lastC.lastsD.lasted9.Shehasnopaper________.<20XXXX市>A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.towriteon10.Motheraskedme________somefruitaftersupper.<20XX新疆生产建设兵团>A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy11.Lethim_______arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.<20XXXX市>A.haveB.getsC.totakeD.has12Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermadethechildren________intheroom.<20XXXX市>A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed13.-IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang'shomejustnow.-Yes,sheisoftenseen________theoldmanwithhishousework.<20XX呼和浩特市>A.helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped14YesterdaymorningIgotupearly________belatefortheexam.<20XX上海市>A.inordertoB.inordertonotC.soasnottoD.soasto15Let's________soasnot________lateforthemeeting.A.tohurry,toB.tohurry,tobeC.hurry,tobeD.hurry,be16There'snodifferencebetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon'tknow________.<20XXXX>A.whattochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhichD.tochoosewhat17ThestudentsofClassOnewillspendtheirwinterholidayinShenzhen,butthestudentsofClassTwohaven'tdecided________.<20XXXX省>A.whattobuyB.howtogoC.wheretogoD.whichtochoose18________thecomputerisaproblem.A.HowtouseB.WhattouseC.WhichtouseD.Wheretouse19,-Youlookrathertired.________stoptotakearest?-Allright.ButI'llhavetoworkforafewmoreminutes.<20XX呼和浩特市>A.WhynotB.DoyouC.WhataboutD.Howabout20.TheTVsetistooloud.Willyouplease________?<20XXXX市>A.turndownitB.turnitdownC.toturnitdownD.toturndownitKEYS:1.D2.A3B4C5A6D7A11A12B13B14C15C16B17C六．单选1.You'dbetter________yourcoat.It'scoldoutside.A.putonB.toputonC.puttingonD.putson2.Webegan________Englishfiveyearsago.A.learnB.learnedC.tolearnD.tobelearned3.TheFrenchmandidn'tknow______thiswordinChinese.A.howtotellB.howsayC.howtosayD.howtalk4.Hismothermadehim________theflooreveryday.A.sweepsB.tosweepC.sweepingD.sweep5.Shewasheard________anEnglishsonginherroomlastnight.A.singB.sangC.tosingD.singing6.Peteraskedme________himwithhischemistry.A.helpB.helpingC.helpedD.tohelp7.Itisgoodforus________morningexercises.A.doB.todoC.didD.done8.Theteachertoldus________inbed.A.don'treadB.readnotC.tonotreadD.nottoread9.It'stooearly.Why________arestwithus?A.nothaveB.nothavingC.nottohaveD.didn'thave10.Theoldwomanwas________angry________sayaword.A.so,thatB.as,asC.too,toD.very,toKEYS：1-10ACCDDDBDAC附加练习：阅读〔ARobertissixteennow.He'llfinishmiddleschoolintwoyears.Hisfatherhasashopandgetsmuchmoney.Hehopeshissoncangotocollegeandmakeshimstudyhard.Buttheyoungmanlikesplayingcards.Healwaysgoesoutwhenhisparentsfallasleep.Onenight,whenRobertcameback,hisfatherhappenedtoseehim.Theoldmanwasveryangryandtoldhissontoliveupstairs.NowRoberthastogoupanddownquietly.Ofcourseittroubleshim.Buthehasn'tfoundawayyet.WhenRobertwassurehisparentswenttosleeplastnight,hewentouttoplaycardswithhisfriends.Hewonsomemoneyandwashappy.Whenhegotbackhome,hetookoffhisshoesandwasgoingupstairs.Heheardanoiseinhisparents'.Hestoodbehindthedoorandsawamancomeout.Herealizedthemanwasathief.Hestoppedhimatonce.Thethiefwasveryafraidandbroughtoutallthethingshestoleintheroom."Tellmehowyoudidn'twakemyparentsup,"saidRobert,"orI'lltakeyoutothepolicestation!"<>1.WhatdoesRobert'sfatherdo?A.HeisateacherB.HeisashopownerC.HeisastudentD.Heisafarmer<>2.Robertlikes____.A.studyinghardB.helpinghisparentsC.watchingTVD.playingcards<>3.WhydidRobert'sfat